毛冬青胶囊对大鼠体内细胞色素P450 代谢活性的影响*

目的：采用Cocktail探针药物法研究毛冬青胶囊对大鼠CYP1A2、CYP3A2、CYP2C6、CYP2D1、CYP2D2和CYP2E1体内代谢活性的影响。方法：分别以茶碱、咪达唑仑、甲苯磺丁脲、奥美拉唑、右美沙芬和氯唑沙宗作为探针底物,将大鼠随机分为3组：空白对照组、毛冬青的低剂量组和高剂量组。低、高剂量组每日分别灌胃给予毛冬青胶囊1.8、3.6 g·kg-1,空白对照组每日给予与低剂量组等体积的生理盐水,各组均为1次/天,连续14 d。各组分别于第15天给予Cocktail探针药物,于给药前、后不同时间点取血,用LC-MS/MS检测各探针药物的血药浓度,计算药代动力学参数。结果：茶碱低剂量组cmax、AUC0-t有极显著差异（P≤0.01）;甲苯磺丁脲高剂量组和氯唑沙宗低剂量组AUC0-t有显著差异（P≤0.05）;其他无统计学差异。结论：毛冬青胶囊对大鼠体内CYP2C6和CYP1A2有强诱导作用,对CYP2E1有中强诱导作用,其他亚型基本无影响。     

注射用灯盏花素对大鼠CYP2D6体内代谢活性的影响

目的:研究灯盏花素对大鼠细胞色素P4502D6(CYP2D6)体内代谢活性的影响。方法:试验分为3组,即对照(生理盐水)和灯盏花素高、低剂量(0.54、0.18mg·100g-1)组,静脉注射给药,每天1次,连续14d。各组分别于第15天注射美托洛尔溶液,于给药前和给药后不同时间点眼内眦静脉取血0.8mL,使用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中美托洛尔的浓度。结果:静脉给予大鼠注射用灯盏花素14d后,灯盏花素高剂量组美托洛尔的AUC和t1/2显著高于对照组,CL显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。灯盏花素低剂量组虽然也有相同趋势,但无显著性差异。结论:高剂量注射用灯盏花素可显著抑制大鼠CYP2D6的体内活性。     

丹参-红花组分配伍对雌、雄性心肌缺血大鼠肝药酶亚型影响的比较研究

目的 比较丹参-红花组分配伍对不同性别大鼠肝药酶亚型CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A4的影响。方法 取SD大鼠按不同性别随机分为丹参-红花高、低剂量（生药4、2 g/kg）组及模型组和对照组,ip盐酸异丙肾上腺素制备心肌缺血模型,丹参-红花高、低剂量组给予相应提取物,模型、对照组给予等体积的蒸馏水,连续ig给药21 d后,取肝组织剪碎制备微粒体,加入非那西丁、氯唑沙宗、睾酮分别作为CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A4的特异性探针底物,体外温孵育,建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法检测探针底物浓度,测定CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A4活性。结果 ①雄性大鼠实验结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组显著抑制CYP2E1和CYP3A4的活性（P<0.05、0.01）;与模型组比较,丹参-红花高剂量组显著抑制CYP2E1和CYP3A4的活性（P<0.05、0.01）;低剂量组显著抑制CYP2E1的活性（P<0.05）,诱导CYP3A4（P<0.01）。②雌性大鼠实验结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组显著抑制CYP2E1和CYP3A4的活性（P<0.05）,对CYP1A2的影响不显著;与模型组比较,丹参-红花高剂量组显著抑制CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A4的活性（P<0.05、0.01）;丹参-红花低剂量组抑制CYP2E1的活性（P<0.05）,对CYP1A2和CYP3A4的影响不显著。③实验结果对比显示,丹参-红花对雄性、雌性大鼠肝药酶亚型的影响相同点是均抑制了CYP2E1和CYP3A4活性,尤其对CYP2E1的抑制作用比较明显;不同点是丹参-红花低剂量诱导了雄性大鼠CYP3A4活性,但对雌性大鼠CYP3A4活性无明显影响。结论 丹参-红花组分配伍对不同性别大鼠部分肝药酶亚型活性的影响存在一定的差异。     

山楂对正常大鼠肝脏CYP2E1活性的影响

目的:探讨山楂对大鼠肝脏CYP2E1活性的影响,为山楂的药食同源应用提供依据.方法:实验分为正常对照组、山楂高剂量组和山楂低剂量组,给予山楂水提取液14天后,抽取肝微粒体酶,利用高效液相色谱检测CYP2E1代谢低物的能力.结果:山楂高剂量和低剂量组均能显著抑制CYP2E1的活性.结论:山楂是一种良好的药食同源的中药,能通过抑制CYP2E1活性对机体起保护作用.     

西洋参总皂苷对大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2活性的影响

目的考察西洋参总皂苷对大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2活性的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为空白对照组(空白组)、西洋参总皂苷低剂量组[低剂量组,50 mg/(kg·d)]、西洋参总皂苷中剂量组[中剂量组,100 mg/(kg·d)]、西洋参总皂苷高剂量组[高剂量组,200 mg/(kg·d)]和β-萘黄酮阳性药对照组[阳性药组,80 mg/(kg·d)],预处理11 d后,观察大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2酶活性、CYP1A2 mRNA表达和CYP1A2酶蛋白表达情况,研究CYP1A2特异性探针底物非那西丁在预处理大鼠体内的药动学变化。结果预处理后,大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2活性、mRNA和蛋白表达随西洋参总皂苷剂量升高有增加趋势,非那西丁在预处理大鼠体内代谢速率加快。结论西洋参总皂苷对大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2活性有一定诱导作用。     

速效救心丸对大鼠体内CYP450酶活性影响的研究

目的采用Cocktail探针药物法研究速效救心丸对大鼠体内药物代谢酶CYP2E1和CYP3A4的影响,为临床用药提供参考。方法 Wistar大鼠,随机分为,①实验组:灌胃给予速效救心丸(给药体积0.5mL/100g,给药剂量64.8mg·kg-1);②对照组:灌胃给予等体积的纤维素钠混悬液。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定探针底物氯唑沙宗和咪达唑仑的血药浓度,计算其药代动力学参数,考察大鼠体内CYP2E1及CYP3A4酶的活性。结果实验组氯唑沙宗的代谢无显著性差异,咪达唑仑的代谢明显减慢。结论速效救心丸对大鼠的CYP2E1酶活性无明显影响,对CYP3A4酶活性有抑制作用。     

Cocktail探针药物法评价生、醋莪术对CYP450酶亚型的影响

目的用Cocktail探针药物法,研究生、醋莪术对大鼠CYP1A2、CYP3A4和CYP2E1活性的影响并进行比较,探讨其通过炮制增强或改变作用的趋向性。方法将SD大鼠随机分组,生、醋莪术组分别给予生、醋莪术提取液(9 g.kg-1),以生理盐水为空白对照,在一定时间点采集血样,用HPLC检测探针药物在大鼠体内的代谢情况,以评价生、醋莪术对CYP450酶的影响。结果生莪术的茶碱、氨苯酚和氯唑沙宗的代谢情况与空白组相比差异无显著性;但醋莪术与空白组相比,茶碱和氯唑沙宗的T12、Tmax和AUC明显增加,CL/F明显降低;氨苯酚的T12变化不明显,AUC明显降低,CL/F明显增加;氯唑沙宗的T12、Tmax、AUC明显增加,CL/F明显降低。结论单次给予大鼠生、醋莪术后,生莪术对CYP450酶的作用不明显,醋莪术对CYP1A2和CYP2E1具有抑制作用,对CYP3A4具有诱导作用。     

基于CYP3A4酶探讨灯盏花素对洛伐他汀的药动学的影响及机制

目的 探究灯盏花素与洛伐他汀联用对大鼠体内药动学的影响,从代谢酶的角度揭示灯盏花素对洛伐他汀药动学产生影响的机制。方法 采用探针药物法及RT-HPLC法测定咪达唑仑在肝微粒体孵育体系中的浓度,评价灯盏花素与洛伐他汀联用对CYP3A4酶活性的影响。通过RT-PCR反应来检测CYP3A4酶mRNA基因表达,采用Western blot法,从蛋白翻译水平上分析灯盏花素与洛伐他汀联用对大鼠肝脏CYP3A4蛋白表达的影响。结果 洛伐他汀与灯盏花素联合用药后,洛伐他汀在大鼠体内的血药浓度显著升高,从0.39 mg?L-1 上升到1.08 mg?L-1 ,清除率从3.36L?h-1?kg-1降低到1.08L?h-1?kg-1,药物半衰期从5.0h延长到6.2h,联合给药后洛伐他汀的AUC从2.42mg?L-1?h-1上升到4.22mg?L-1?h-1。洛伐他汀组与空白组比较CYP3A4酶活性均没有明显变化;灯盏花素组及灯盏花素联合洛伐他汀组与空白组比较发现均抑制CYP3A4酶活性;灯盏花素与灯盏花素联合洛伐他汀组CYP3A4酶mRNA 表达量均较空白组显著降低;CYP3A4酶蛋白含量结果表明,洛伐他汀组与灯盏花素联合洛伐他汀组与空白组比较CYP3A4酶蛋白含量均没有明显变化。结论 洛伐他汀与灯盏花素联用,灯盏花素通过抑制其基因转录水平抑制CYP3A4的活性,使大鼠体内药动学过程发生变化,洛伐他汀药物的代谢减慢。     

刺五加注射液对大鼠肝微粒体四种CYP450亚型酶活性的影响

目的:研究刺五加注射液在大鼠体外肝微粒体中对CYP2C9、CYP2D6、CYP2E1和CYP3A4活性的影响,为临床合理联合用药提供参考。方法:在大鼠体外肝微粒体中分别加入四种亚型酶的探针药物甲苯磺丁脲(TB)、右美沙芬(DM)、氯唑沙宗(CLZ)、睾酮(TS)和低、中、高剂量的刺五加注射液,温孵后用HPLC法测定各空白对照组和不同剂量刺五加注射液给药组中各探针药物代谢产物的浓度并比较代谢率的差异,以评价刺五加注射液对各亚型酶活性的影响;中剂量组活性显著降低的亚型酶进一步考察抑制作用的强弱(即IC50和Ki值)。结果:与空白对照组比较,刺五加注射液低、中、高剂量给药组对CYP3A4活性的影响均有统计学意义(P<0.01),抑制率分别为10.22%、19.00%、30.29%,其IC50和Ki值分别为3.96%和2.74%(V/V);低、中、高剂量给药组对CYP2D6活性的影响均无统计学差异(P>0.05);低剂量给药组对CYP2C9、CYP2E1活性的影响无统计学差异(P>0.05),中、高剂量给药组对两个亚型的抑制作用有统计学差异(P<0.05),但中剂量给药组抑制率均小于8.50%,高剂量给药组抑制率均小于12.00%。结论:刺五加注射液对大鼠体外肝微粒体CYP3A4有抑制作用,且符合混合型抑制模型;对CYP2C9、CYP2E1抑制作用较弱;对CYP2D6活性无影响。     

振源胶囊对细胞色素P_(450)酶CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1的影响

目的:研究振源胶囊对细胞色素P450酶CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1的影响。方法:用Cocktail探针药物法,将Wistar大鼠随机分组,灌胃给予振源胶囊溶液,以生理盐水组为空白对照,诱导10d,于股动脉插管,注射给予3种探针药物咖啡因、氨苯砜、氯唑沙宗,通过高效液相色谱法检测各探针药物的代谢率来评价各组CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1亚型酶的活性;药动学计算采用DAS2.0软件完成。结果:给予振源胶囊的大鼠,咖啡因代谢加快,半衰期缩短;氨苯砜代谢减慢,半衰期延长;氯唑沙宗半衰期与空白对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:振源胶囊对大鼠CYP1A2有诱导作用,对CYP3A4有抑制作用,对CYP2E1的作用不明显。     

鸡尾酒法评价石蒜对大鼠细胞色素P450酶活性的影响

目的 运用鸡尾酒法评价石蒜对细胞色素P450酶活性的影响。方法 将大鼠随机分为对照组和石蒜低、高剂量组。对照组给予生理盐水，石蒜低、高剂量组大鼠灌胃给药0.5，1.0 g·kg^-1石蒜，连续给药15 d。然后第16天给予探针药物，UPLC-MS/MS检测探针药浓度。结果 与对照组对比，石蒜低剂量组和高剂量组的安非他酮AUC_（0-t）、C_max都显著升高（P<0.05），CL_z/F显著降低（P<0.05）。与对照组对比，石蒜高剂量组的美托洛尔、咪达唑仑和非那西丁AUC_（0-t）显著降低（P<0.05）、CL_z/F显著升高（P<0.05），而低剂量组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。与对照组对比，石蒜组的甲苯磺丁脲AUC_（0-t）、CL_z/F差异无统计学意义，C_max显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 石蒜能抑制大鼠CYP2B1酶活性，诱导大鼠CYP2D1、CYP3A2和CYP1A2酶活性，稍有诱导大鼠CYP2C11酶活性的作用。     

A convenient five-drug cocktail for the assessment of major drug metabolizing enzymes: a pilot study

AIMS: To assess the feasibility of administering at the same time low doses of five probe drugs, metoprolol (25 mg), chlorzoxazone (250 mg), tolbutamide (250 mg), dapsone (100 mg) and caffeine (100 mg) to determine simultaneously the activities of CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, N-acetyltransferase-2 and xanthine oxidase. METHODS: Ten healthy young non-smoking males received the following drugs or combinations of drugs over a 5-week period: week 1) metoprolol; 2) tolbutamide; 3) caffeine, chlorzoxazone and dapsone; 4) caffeine, chlorzoxazone, dapsone and metoprolol; 5) caffeine, chlorzoxazone, dapsone, metoprolol and tolbutamide. The drugs were self-administered at bedtime and urine was collected for the following 8 h. RESULTS: Mean molar phenotypic ratios obtained after administering metoprolol (mean change of -11%) or tolbutamide (mean change of -0.3%) alone, were not significantly different from those obtained when other drugs were co-administered (P > 0.05). The mean within-subject coefficients of variation were 33%, 18%, 22%, 13%, 16%, 13% and 5% for CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, N-acetyltransferase 2 and xanthine oxidase metabolic ratios, respectively. No significant interactions (P > 0.5) were observed during the simultaneous administration of various combinations of the five probe drugs. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that this cocktail, composed of five widely available drugs, constitutes a promising means of simultaneously determining the activities of the major CYP enzymes in large populations.     

稳心颗粒对大鼠细胞色素P450酶的影响

目的 用cocktail探针药物法评价稳心颗粒对大鼠体内CYP1A2,CYP2C9,CYP2C19,CYP2D6,CYP2E1和CYP3A4亚型酶活性的影响. 方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为稳心颗粒高、低剂量组和空白对照组. 稳心颗粒高、低剂量组灌胃给予稳心颗粒,空白对照组灌胃给予0.9%氯化钠溶液,连续7 d. 第8天腹腔注射探针药物咖啡因、甲苯磺丁脲、奥美拉唑、美托洛尔、氯唑沙宗和氨苯砜. 尾静脉取血,用高效液相色谱法检测血样,比较药动学参数变化. 结果高、低剂量稳心颗粒分别使咖啡因的AUC_(0-∞)增加1.635倍和 1.435倍,分别使氨苯砜的AUC_(0-∞)增加1.816倍和1.324倍. 高剂量稳心颗粒使奥美拉唑和氯唑沙宗的AUC_(0-∞)增加2.748倍和1.696倍. 结论 高剂量稳心颗粒对CYP2C19和CYP2E1活性有弱抑制作用,稳心颗粒对CYP1A2和CYP3A4的活性有弱抑制作用.     

Effects of phillyrin and forsythoside A on rat cytochrome P450 activities in vivo and in vitro

1. Phillyrin and forsythoside A are two important active ingredients in Forsythia suspensa. However, the effects of phillyrin and forsythoside A on the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) remain unclear.

2. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phillyrin and forsythoside A on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 by cocktail probe drugs in rats both in vivo and in vitro.

3. Many pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine and metoprolol in phillyrin pretreatment group, caffeine and tolbutamide in forsythoside A pretreatment group were affected significantly. In rat liver microsomal incubation system, the concentrations of acetaminophen and dextrophan in the phillyrin pretreatment group are higher than blank control group by 207.69% and 125.00%, however, the concentrations of 4-hydroxytolbutamide and 6β-hydroxytestosterone were not significantly altered. The concentrations of acetaminophen and 4-hydroxytolbutamide in the forsythoside A pretreatment group are higher than blank control group by 223.07% and 154.16%, whereas the concentrations of dextrophan and 6β-hydroxytestosterone were not significantly altered.

4. These results indicated that Phillyrin had potential inductive effects on rat CYP1A2 and CYP2D1 activities, without affecting CYP2C11 and CYP3A1/2 activities. Moreover, forsythoside A had inductive effects on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C11, without affecting CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 activities.     

Cocktail探针药物法评价黄芩对大鼠CYP450活性的影响

目的:使用cocktail探针药物法研究黄芩对大鼠细胞色素P450酶活性的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分组,实验组给予黄芩水提物,对照组给予生理盐水,通过HPLC检测cocktail探针药物的血药浓度,计算其药动学参数,评价相应的CYP450亚型酶活性。结果:与对照组相比,实验组咖啡因的代谢明显减慢,甲苯磺丁脲的代谢明显加快,氯唑沙宗和美托洛尔的代谢无显著性差异。结论:黄芩对大鼠的CYP1A2有抑制作用,对CYP2C9有诱导作用,而对CYP2E1和CYP2D6无显著性影响。     

Evaluation of the impact of waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure on the activity and expression of rat hepatic CYP450: a pharmacokinetic study

Abstract

Waterpipe smoke contains many toxic constituents that can alter drug pharmacokinetics. This study assessed the effect of waterpipe smoke exposure on the activity and expression of CYP450 enzymes in rats. Animals (n?=?10/group) were exposed to either waterpipe smoke or side-stream cigarette smoke for 1?h/day (6 days/week) for 31 days, or fresh air (control). An intragastric cocktail solution containing three probe drugs, phenacetin, chlorzoxazone and testosterone was administered to assess the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A, respectively. Serum concentrations were determined using LC-MS/MS and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The mRNA expression of hepatic enzymes was also quantified. Waterpipe and cigarette smoke exposure did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of phenacetin, chlorzoxazone and testosterone. For example, the clearance and drug exposure values were comparable among groups for all probe drugs. Additionally, there was no significant effect of waterpipe and cigarette smoke on mRNA expression of hepatic CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2. The results demonstrate that waterpipe smoke exposure had no effect on the functional expression of three key CYP450 isoforms in rats. Future research is required with longer exposure periods to waterpipe smoke. Such work serves to enhance current understanding of effect of waterpipe smoke exposure on pharmacokinetics.     

Effects of Guanxinning injection on rat cytochrome P450 isoforms activities in vivo and in vitro

Abstract

1. We aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of Guanxinning injection (GXNI) on activities of cytochrome P1A2 (CYP1A2), CYP2C11, CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 by probe drugs in rats in vivo and in vitro.

2. GXNI-treated and blank control groups were administered GXNI and physiological saline by caudal vein for 14 days consecutively, then they were given the probe drugs of caffeine (10?mg/kg), tolbutamide (10?mg/kg), metoprolol (20?mg/kg) and dapsone (10?mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. The blood samples were collected at different times for ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. Changes of the pharmacokinetics parameters between the GXNI-treated and the blank control groups were used to evaluate the effects of GXNI on the four CYP450 isoforms in rats in vivo. After blood collection, the livers of rats were taken and made microsomes for in vitro tests. The relevant metabolites of phenacetin, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan and testosterone were analyzed quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after microsome incubation. The statistical differences between the two groups were observed to detect the effects of GXNI on the four CYP450 isoforms in rats in vitro.

3. The in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that GXNI could induce CYP1A2 activity in rats, but had no significant effects on CYP2C11, CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2.