帕金森病患者自主神经功能障碍相关研究

目的 评估交感神经皮肤反应(sympathetic skin response,SSR)和PD自主神经症状量表(the scale for outcomes in PD for autonomic symptoms,SCOPA-AUT)对帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者自主神经功能损害的诊断价值及自主神经功能障碍影响因素.方法 应用SSR、SCOPA-AUT和统一帕金森病评分量表(unified Parkinson disease rating scale,UPDRS)对50例PD患者进行评估;应用SSR及SCOPA-AUT量表对33例对照组进行评估.结果 PD组四肢SSR的潜伏期及波幅与对照组相比差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05).SCOPA-AUT总分(23.54±12.48)、消化系统症状(8.00±3.77)及泌尿系统症状评分(6.28±3.51)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).SCOPA.AUT总分与UPDRS评分、H&Y分级、Schwab和England日常生活得分显著相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05),与病程、年龄无明显的相关性(P>0.05).结论 PD患者自主神经功能障碍随着病情进展而加重,PD患者SCOPA-AUT评分与上、下肢SSR波幅呈负相关,SSR和SCOPA-AUT可作为评价PD患者自主神经功能障碍的客观量化临床指标.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response(SSR)and the scale for outcomes in PD for autonomic symptoms(SCOPA-AUT)in autonomic dysfunction and influencing factors of autonomic dysfunction in patients with parkinson's disease(PD).Methods SSR,SCOPA-AUT and unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(UPDRS)were used to evaluate 50 patients with PD.The results were taken from patients with PD and compared with those of 33 control subjects.Results It was significantly different to compare the SSR latency and amplitude of PD patients limbs with those of the normal controls.PD patients had more total SCOPA-AUT score(23.54 4±12.48)and domain scores in gastrointestinal(8.00 4±3.77)and urinary symptoms(6.28±3.51)compared to control subjects(P<0.01).There were significant correlations between the total score with UPDRS.Hoehn-Yabr scale or score of Schwab and England disability scale(P<0.01 or 0.05),and no correlation with duration or age(P>0.05).Conclusions Autonomic dysfunction of PD increased significantly with disease severity.There were significantly negative correlation between the total score of SCOPA-AUT with the limb SSR amplitude(P<0.05)in PD patients.SSR and SCOPA-AUT can act as an objective index to assess autonomic dysfunctions in patients with PD quantitatively.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

目的 探讨交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)对帕金森病自主神经功能障碍的诊断价值.方法 对解放军第一○二医院神经内科自2006年7月至2008年8月门诊或住院的47例帕金森病患者及与之相匹配的20例健康人进行SSR检测,并对其中有自主神经功能障碍患者与无自主神经功能障碍患者的结果进行对比分析. 结果帕金森病患者与健康人相比,上肢潜伏期明显延长(1.55±0.18 vs 1.42±0.29),波幅明显降低(1.87±0.26 vs 2.56±1.47);下肢潜伏期明显延长(2.13±0.16vs 2.04±0.27),波幅明显降低(0.49±0.21 vs 0.76±0.39),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).有自主神经功能障碍患者与无自主神经功能障碍患者相比,上肢潜伏期明显延长(1.56 ± 0.17 vs 1.53 ± 0.15),波幅明显降低(1.75±0.21 vs 1.89±0.33);下肢潜伏期明显延长(2.17 ± 0.18 vs 2.08±0.24),波幅明显降低(0.46±0.20 vs 0.51±0.17),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 SSR检测结果与患者临床表现相一致,其对帕金森病患者的自主神经功能障碍有诊断价值.     

交感皮肤反应对帕金森病自主神经损害的诊断价值

目的探讨交感皮肤反应(SSR)对帕金森病(PD)患者自主神经损害的诊断价值。方法选择62例PD患者(PD组)和26例年龄、性别、身高相匹配的健康志愿者(健康对照组)进行上下肢SSR检测。将PD组根据有无自主神经症状分为有症状组和无症状组;根据Hoehn-Yahr分级将PD组分为早期PD组(1～2期)和中晚期PD组(3～5期)。结果①与健康对照组比较,PD无论有症状组还是无症状组SSR潜伏期延长和波幅下降(均P0.05);有症状组较无症状组潜伏期延长和波幅下降(均P0.05);②与健康对照组比较,不论中晚期PD组还是早期PD组SSR潜伏期延长和波幅下降(均P0.05),中晚期PD组较早期PD组潜伏期显著延长和波幅下降(均P0.05);③SSR上下肢潜伏期与Hoehn-YaHr分级呈显著性正相关(P0.01),SSR上下肢波幅与Hoehn-YaHr分级呈显著性负相关(P0.01)。结论①SSR是检测PD患者自主神经功能障碍的客观敏感手段,可发现亚临床自主神经损害,有助于早期诊断;②PD患者运动系统障碍越重,出现自主神经病变的程度越重。     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

帕金森病交感神经皮肤反应的临床研究

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.     

帕金森病患者的自主神经功能障碍

自主神经功能障碍是帕金森病(PD)患者中较为常见的症状,平均发生率为84％,其发生率随着病情的进展和治疗时间的延长而增加,且病情加重.自主神经功能症状可以影响PD患者的生活质量、对症状的主观感受及疾病的治疗.本文就国内外对帕金森病患者植物神经功能障碍的常见症状、可能发病机制、治疗措施等方面的相关研究做一综述.     

帕金森病患者的交感神经皮肤电反应临床分析

本文对50例帕金森病患者及与之相匹配的30例健康人进行交感神经皮肤电感应(SSR)检测,以探讨SSR在帕金森(PD)患者自主神经功能障碍中的价值. 1 材料与方法 1.1 一般资料     

帕金森病患者自主神经功能障碍评估

目的：评估帕金森病（PD）患者中自主神经功能障碍症状发生比例、各症状分布的差异，及其与PD临床特点之间的关系。方法：应用SCOPA-AUT量表、统一帕金森病评分量表（UPDRS）、日常生活能力量表（ADL）、Hamilton抑郁量表和简易智能量表（MMSE）对116例原发性PD患者进行评估。结果：SCOPA-AUT总分和消化系统（GI）症状、排尿（UR）症状、体温调节（TH）症状、性功能（SX）症状评分均高于对照组，差异有极显著统计学意义（P=0．0001）。SCOPA-AUT总分与UPDRS评分、Hamilton抑郁量表评分呈正相关（P〈0．001），与生活质量ADL评分呈负相关（P〈0．001）。结论：自主神经功能障碍在PD早期就会出现，并随着疾病进展而加重，影响患者的生活质量。     

帕金森病自主神经功能障碍的回顾性分析

目的探讨帕金森病患者自主神经功能障碍的发生与起病年龄、性别、病程、症状的严重程度等的相关性。方法回顾性分析了2001年1月至2007年1月中国人民解放军总医院神经内科住院的101例帕金森病人,计量资料进行F检验,计数资料进行χ2检验,分析自主神经功能障碍的发生与改良Hoehn-Yahr分级、病程、性别、起病年龄、首发症状与其相关性。结果自主神经功能障碍发生率达74.26%(75/101)。其中便秘的发生率最高,达45.54%。改良Hoehn-Yahr分级1～1.5级30.7%(31/101),2～2.5级33.7%(34/101),3级及以上35.6%(36/101),经χ2检验自主神经功能障碍的发生率与不同级别的H-Y分级有统计学意义(χ2=30.554,P=0.00)。χ2检验结果表明病程长短与自主神经功能障碍有显著性差异(χ2=13.142,P=0.041)。自主神经功能障碍的发生与性别、起病年龄、首发症状无显著性差异。结论帕金森病患者自主神经异常发生率很高,与疾病严重程度及病程有相关性。     

帕金森病患者的交感神经皮肤反应研究

帕金森病(Parkinson`s disease,PD)是多见于中老年人的慢性神经系统变性疾病,自主神经功能障碍是帕金森病患者较常见的临床症状之一,可表现为脂颜多汗、便泌及直立性低血压等[1,2]。交感神经皮肤反应(Sympathetic skin re-sponse,SSR)是一种与汗腺活动有关、并反映交感神经节后纤维的表皮电位,临床上用于检测相关疾病所致的植物神经功能失常,是一种较为客观的电生理指标[3]。我们对50例帕金森病患者进行SSR检测,并以正常健康组作对照,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料50例帕金森病患者均为2000年3月~2004年8月在我院神经内科住院的患…     

交感神经皮肤反应在帕金森病中的应用

目的探讨交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)在帕金森病(PD)患者自主神经损害中的评价作用。方法选用36例PD患者和30例健康对照者作为研究对象,行SSR检测,并对患者进行SCOPA-AUT评分及H-Y分级,评价SSR与PD自主神经损害的相关性。结果 PD患者SSR总异常率61.1%;H-Y评分0~1.5分者,SSR异常率为35.7%,H-Y评分2.0分者,SSR异常率77.3%;伴随自主神经症状的PD患者中(PD-AS),SSR异常率85.7%;不伴随自主神经症状者(PD-NAS),SSR异常率26.7%。结论 SSR可客观评价PD患者自主神经功能障碍,并检测PD自主神经的亚临床损害,且随患者运动症状加重,SSR异常越明显。     

帕金森病的自主神经功能障碍

帕金森病(PD)患者出现自主神经功能障碍的较普遍,如皮脂溢、便秘、性功能障碍、流涎、尿失禁、吞咽困难、多汗、直立性低血压等,有时可能是主要的临床表现,在年龄较大、病程较长的患者中更多见。这与PD病变所累及的范围较广泛有关。PD除累及黑质、蓝斑外,其他部位如下丘脑背部、迷走神经背核、交感神经节、肾上腺髓质也受影响。蓝斑、下丘脑背部、迷走神经背核为多巴胺能神经元,这些部位的损害可造成自主神经功能障碍,尤其与直立性低血压有关。许多研究还表明抗PD药物也可造成自主神经功能障碍。现就PD的自主神经功能障碍及其相关研究进…     

帕金森病患者心血管自主神经功能障碍的临床研究

目的研究帕金森病(PD)患者心血管自主神经功能障碍及其相关的影响因素。方法入选PD患者(PD组)51例和健康对照者(对照组)30例,分别进行24 h动态血压和动态ECG监测,对比分析两组的血压变异性(BPV)和心率变异性(HRV)的指标,同时对PD患者进行左旋多巴等效剂量(LED)换算、Hoehn-Yahr分期(H-Y分期)和统一PD评定量表Ⅲ(UPDRSⅢ)评分,探讨BPV和HRV的影响因素。结果 PD组BPV中24h SBPSD、dSBPSD、nSBPSD较对照组明显升高(均P0.05)。PD组HRV中SDNN、RMSSD、HF、LF较对照组明显下降(均P0.05)。PD患者BPV与病程具有正相关(P0.05),HRV与病程、H-Y分期、UPDRSⅢ评分具有负相关(均P0.05)。结论 PD患者存在心血管自主神经功能障碍,且与病程、疾病严重程度及运动症状严重程度有关。     

伴自主神经功能障碍的帕金森病患者的睡眠结构及其与快速眼动睡眠障碍的相关性

目的探讨伴发自主神经功能障碍的帕金森病(PD)患者的睡眠结构及其与快速眼动睡眠障碍(RBD)的关系。方法收集48例PD患者的一般资料。根据皮肤交感反应(SSR)检查,将患者分为SSR正常组及SSR障碍组。应用统一PD评定量表第三部分(UPDRS-Ⅲ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA_(14))、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD_(24))、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)、MMSE、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、自主神经症状量表(SCOPA-AUT)评估患者的运动、非运动症状及自主神经功能;RBD筛查量表(RBDSQ)评定患者RBD症状;多导睡眠监测(PSG)记录睡眠参数。结果与SSR正常组比较,SSR障碍组病程显著延长,H-Y分级及HAMA_(14)、HAMD_(24)、PSQI、SCOPA-AUT、RBDSQ量表评分显著升高(P0.05～0.01)。与SSR正常组相比,SSR障碍组患者睡眠效率及非快速眼动期(NREM)-Ⅱ期睡眠百分比显著下降,觉醒指数、NREM-Ⅰ期睡眠百分比、周期性腿动指数(PLMI)显著增高(P0.05～0.01)。SSR障碍组周期性腿动和RBD比率均显著高于SSR正常组(χ~2=4.463,P=0.035;χ~2=8.889,P=0.003)。RBDSQ与SCOPA-AUT评分、NREM-Ⅰ期睡眠百分比、REM期睡眠百分比、呼吸暂停-低通气指数、PLMI和觉醒指数呈正相关(均P0.01),与总睡眠时间、睡眠潜伏期、REM潜伏期、睡眠效率、NREM-Ⅱ期睡眠百分比、NREM-Ⅲ期睡眠百分比呈负相关(均P0.01),与总觉醒时间无相关性。结论伴自主神经功能障碍的PD患者病程长,病情重,容易存在焦虑、抑郁情绪,客观存在睡眠结构紊乱,RBD发生率高。PD患者RBD的严重程度与自主神经功能障碍程度密切相关。