Risk factors of nosocomial catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a polyvalent intensive care unit

Objective To determine the risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU).Design Prospective cohort study.Setting Sixteen-bed polyvalent ICU in a French university hospital.Interventions Prospective patient surveillance of patients included in two successive studies of two urine drainage systems.Main outcome measures Bacteriuria occurrence in 553 ICU patients requiring a bladder catheter for longer than 48 h. The following variables were analyzed as possible risk factors: age, sex, severity score at admission, diagnosis on admission, duration of bladder catheterization, length of ICU stay, prior exposure to antibiotics, and system of urine drainage.Results The frequency of catheter-associated bacteriuria was 9.6%. From the multivariate analysis, five independent risk factors were determined: female sex, length of ICU stay, use of an antimicrobial therapy, severity score at admission, and duration of catheterization.Conclusion In our study, the drainage system did not influence the occurrence of bacteriuria. To decrease the rate of catheter-associated bacteriuria in polyvalent ICU patients, removal of the bladder catheter must be performed as soon as possible.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Risk factors of nosocomial catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a polyvalent intensive care unit

Objective To determine the risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU).Design and setting Prospective cohort study in a 16-bed polyvalent ICU in a French university hospital.Interventions Prospective patient surveillance of patients included in two successive studies of two urine drainage systems.Measurements and results Bacteriuria occurrence in 553 ICU patients requiring a bladder catheter for longer than 48 h. The following variables were analyzed as possible risk factors: age, sex, severity score at admission, diagnosis on admission, duration of bladder catheterization, length of ICU stay, prior exposure to antibiotics, and system of urine drainage. The frequency of catheter-associated bacteriuria was 9.6%. From the multivariate analysis, five independent risk factors were determined: sex female, length of ICU stay, use of an antimicrobial therapy, severity score at admission, and duration of catheterization.Conclusions In our study the drainage system did not influence the occurrence of bacteriuria. To decrease the rate of catheter-associated bacteriuria in polyvalent ICU patients removal of the bladder catheter must be performed as soon as possible.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Clinical effectiveness and safety of tazobactam/piperacillin 4.5 g for the prevention of febrile infectious complication after prostate biopsy

We investigated the clinical effectiveness and safety of tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) in a 1:8 ratio, a β-lactamase inhibitor with penicillin antibiotic, for the prevention of febrile infectious complication after prostate biopsy. Each patient received a single dose of TAZ/PIPC 4.5 g, 30 min before the biopsy in Group 1 or TAZ/PIPC 4.5 g twice, once 30 min before and once after the biopsy (just before discharge or 5 h after the biopsy), in Group 2. Estimation of efficacy was performed within 1-month after prostate biopsy. Clinical diagnosis of febrile infectious complication was based on a body temperature elevation greater than 38 °C. Infectious complication after prostate biopsy was detected in 2.5% (4/160 patients) in Group 1 and in 0.45% (2/442 patients) in Group 2. All of the patients with febrile infectious complication had risk factors: 5 patients had voiding disturbance, 2 patients had diabetes mellitus and 1 patient had steroid dosing. In group 1, 88 patients had at least one risk factor and 72 patients had no risk factors. Of the patients with a risk factor, 4 had febrile infectious complication after prostate biopsy, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. In group 2, 87 patients had at least one risk factor and 255 patients had no risk factors. The patients with a risk factor had febrile infectious complication significantly more frequently than did patients without a risk factor (P = 0.038). Therefore, TAZ/PIPC appears to be effective as preoperative prophylaxis against the occurrence of febrile infectious complication after prostate biopsy.     

住院传染病患者自杀意念的危险因素调查

目的：探讨住院传染病患者自杀原因及行为规律,及时预防住院传染病患者不良事件的发生,为医院提供相关干预及防范措施依据。方法采用自制的住院传染病患者自杀行为危险因素调查表对2010年3月—2013年10月收治的657例患者进行问卷调查,分析住院传染病患者产生自杀意念的危险因素。结果在657例被调查者中有48例产生过自杀意念,占7.31%。医疗保险报销比例为0%~20%、个人月收入低于3000元、有精神病史、患者自评本次疾病严重、疾病康复希望差、制定过自杀计划、有既往自杀史7项因素是住院传染病患者产生自杀意念的危险因素(χ2值分别为6.206,6.021,6.520,4.937,7.597,4.404,4.416;P<0．05)。结论伴有精神疾病、对疾病康复的绝望、疾病所致经济压力大是住院传染病患者产生自杀意念的主要原因。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗导尿管结壳的效果观察

目的 探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗导尿管结壳（CE）的效果.方法 采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗导尿管结壳所致拔管困难患者8例,分析手术效果.结果 8例手术均一次成功粉碎结壳,顺利拔管.结论 输尿管下气压弹道碎石术治疗导尿管结壳,损伤小,安全,治疗效果好,是一种可行的微创治疗方法.     

Specific infectious complications after stem cell transplantation

Infectious complications continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after stem cell transplantation (SCT). The most important determinants for risk and outcomes are the stem cell source and the time after transplantation that the infection occurs. More recent developments in preparative regimens and graft manipulations, as well as the control of some important infectious complications after SCT by the introduction of effective prophylaxis and preemptive treatment strategies, have had a great impact on the timing and the epidemiology of infections posttransplantation. Better control of infectious complications posttransplantation has resulted in a reduced transplant-related mortality.Presented as an invited lecture at the 15th International Symposium, Supportive Care in Cancer, Berlin, Germany, 18–21 June 2003     

初产妇阴道分娩后尿失禁的高危因素分析

目的: 探讨初产妇足月阴道分娩后尿失禁发生的高危因素。方法: 收集2017年1月至2017年4月在国际和平妇幼保健院产后6～8周复诊的经阴道足月分娩的初产妇1211例。同时行尿失禁问卷调查,根据结果分为产后尿失禁组(178例)和非尿失禁组(1033例,对照组),用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析各种产科因素与产后早期尿失禁发生的相关性。结果:在1211例阴道分娩的初产妇中,孕期尿失禁的发生率为25.76%(312/1211),产后尿失禁的发生率为14.70% (178/1211);产后尿失禁组的年龄、第二产程时长显著大于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000,0.020);而比较两组产妇分娩孕周、孕前体重指数(BMI)、孕期体重增加量、产时BMI、新生儿出生体重、会阴裂伤率、会阴侧切率以及产钳助产率,两组差异均无统计学意义(P=0.890,0.052,0.592,0.107,0.097,0.916,0.491,0.887)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,产妇年龄大于35岁(OR=2.219,95%CI:1.124～4.382,P=0.022)以及第二产程大于2小时(OR= 1.660,95%CI:1.018～2.706,P=0.042)是产后UI发生的独立高危因素。结论: 初产妇阴道分娩产后尿失禁的发生与年龄及第二产程有关。产后尿失禁发生率高,应加强产妇盆底疾病的预防及重视产后康复训练,尤其是具有高危因素的产妇。     

食管癌术后肺部并发症危险因素的多因素Logistic回归分析

目的 分析食管癌术后需要机械通气支持患者肺部并发症的危险因素,以利于术前对高风险的患者制定个体化治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析本院2008年5月至2010年6月82例经手术治疗食管癌患者的临床资料,应用多因素Logistic回归分析方法鉴别食管癌术后肺部并发症的危险因素.结果 82例接受手术治疗的食管癌患者术后共有12例发生了肺部并发症,术后死亡1例.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术后肺部并发症的独立预测因子有高龄[优势比(OR)=1.28,95%可信区间(95%CI)为1.05～1.62,P=0.03]、肺功能受损[1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1%)OR=1.20,95%CI为1.08～1.39,P=0.02]和较长的手术时间(OR=1.68,95 %CI 为1.37～2.11,P=0.003).结论 高龄和肺功能受损是食管癌术后肺部并发症的危险因素,术前应评估患者发生术后肺部并发症的风险.对于高风险的患者,可以从个体化的治疗方案中获益.     

Computerized tomography virtual endoscopy in evaluation of upper urinary tract tumors: initial experience

Purpose  To assess the usefulness of CT virtual endoscopy (VE) as an integration of CT-urography, for the detection of upper urinary tract tumor in patients with hematuria. Materials and methods  Fourteen patients with hematuria and high risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract underwent urinary cytology, ultrasonography, excretory urography, cystoscopy, CT-urography with VE, and optical ureteroscopy. The CT urograms and VE were correlated with the pathological findings of surgical specimen (6/14) and cytological examination of ureteroscopy biopsy (8/14). Results  VE revealed three renal pelvic and one ureteral tumors, not producing further information did not detected at CT-urography. In two patients VE showed findings strongly indicative of malignancies, not noticed at CT-urography: ureteroscopic biopsy revealed an advanced dysplastic lesion and a malignancy, confirmed at surgery. In one patient VE was questionable (narrowing of the distal ureter) and ureteroscopic biopsy revealed an inflammation. Finally, VE diagnosed a fibrosis of the lumbar ureteral tract, confirmed at ureteroscopic biopsy. In other six patients, VE and ureteroscopy did not find abnormalities. Conclusion  VE should be useful as an integration of CT-urography for a complete evaluation of the upper urinary tract in patients with suspected tumor, limiting the need for fiberoptic ureteroscopic examination. Contributions: G. Battista and R. Schiavina designed the study. G. Battista and C. Sassi wrote the article. C. Sassi, E. Baglivo, and R. Schiavina compared the result on VE with clinical and imaging examinations and contributed to paper writing. A. Franceschelli was responsible for the clinical and surgery data reported in the article. G. Martorana and R. Canini are the heads of the Urology and Radiology Department, respectively; they critically revised the different versions of the article before editing.     

神经外科留置尿管患者发生尿路感染的相关因素分析

目的：探讨神经外科留置尿管患者发生尿路感染的相关危险因素,以减少和预防尿路感染的发生。方法回顾性分析2012年5月－2014年1月我院神经外科205例留置尿管患者的临床资料,对可能发生尿路感染的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果205例留置尿管患者中发生尿路感染18例,发生率8．78％。Logistic多元回归分析尿路感染的相关危险因素包括：≥60岁、女性、意识障碍、留置尿管≥10 d、预防应用抗生素、尿道口清洗。结论神经外科住院患者发生尿路感染的影响因素较多,管理好老年患者,加强女性患者尿管护理,尽可能缩短尿管留置时间,控制预防性抗生素的应用,坚持尿道口清洗,可以有效预防和减少尿路感染的发生。     

传染病患者的焦虑状况及其影响因素分析

目的:调查我院住院传染病患者的焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法:采用焦虑自评量表及自行设计心理压力源问卷对354例传染病患者进行调查。结果:传染病患者的焦虑状况与国内常模比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。产生焦虑的心理压力源与自身疾病、住院环境、家庭、社会方面有关;患者性别、年龄、文化程度、住院次数、付款方式与焦虑程度有关。结论:住院传染病患者多存在焦虑心理,护士应重视其存在的心理压力因素,采用针对性护理措施,以缓解患者心理压力,改善其心理健康状况。     

心脏瓣膜病换瓣术后延迟拔管危险因素分析

目的探讨心脏瓣膜病换瓣术后延迟拔管的危险因素,为制定延迟拔管的防治措施提供依据。方法选择宜昌市第一人民医院重症医学科2008年1月至2012年9月心脏瓣膜病换瓣术后的77例患者的临床资料,采用回顾性病例对照研究,以延迟拔管（机械通气时间〉48h或拔管后再插管）19例作为观察组,无延迟拔管58例作为对照组。对潜在危险因素进行对比分析,并采用非条件Logistic多元回归分析。结果共收治心脏瓣膜病换瓣术后患者77例,其中心脏瓣膜病换瓣术后延迟拔管患者19例,发生率为24．67％（19／77）。单因素分析结果显示：术前。肾功能损害（x2=12．396,P=0．000）、术后肾功能损害（x2=4．398,P=0．036）、年龄I〉50岁（x2=12．788,P=0．036）、性别（x2=5．416,P=0．020）、血液净化（x2=15．374,P=0．000）为心脏瓣膜病换瓣术延迟拔管的危险因素。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,心脏瓣膜病换瓣延迟拔管的独立的危险因素是：血液净化（OR15．890,95．0％CI1．432～176．295）、术前肾功能损害（OR8．536,95．O％CI1．059—68．786）（P均〈0．05）。结论术前肾功能损害是心脏瓣膜病换瓣术后延迟拔管的独立危险因素。     

2014年5月全国突发公共卫生事件及需关注的传染病风险评估

目的评估2014年5月国内外突发公共卫生事件及需要关注传染病的风险。方法根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请省(直辖市、自治区)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估。结果根据近期传染病和突发公共卫生事件监测数据,结合既往突发公共卫生事件发生情况及传染病流行特点分析,5月全国突发公共卫生事件将较4月将有所上升,但报告事件数可能不会超过2011年以来同期平均水平;报告事件将以手足口病、流行性腮腺炎、风疹、水痘等传染病暴发为主,其次为食物中毒;学校等集体单位报告较多。手足口病将进入发病高峰期;麻疹将维持较高发病水平;布鲁氏菌病的病例会继续呈现上升趋势;人感染H7N9禽流感将维持在较低水平。中东呼吸综合征存在输入我国风险,但风险未较以前明显上升。西非埃博拉病毒病输入我国的风险低。结论 2014年5月全国突发公共卫生事件将有所上升;需重点关注手足口病,一般关注人感染H7N9禽流感、麻疹、布鲁氏菌病、中东呼吸综合征和埃博拉病毒病。     

留置导尿管患者泌尿道感染前瞻性研究

目的了解留置导尿管患者泌尿道感染的发生率、常见菌及危险因素等情况。方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法。对某综合性医院2006年1月—2006年6月全部留置导尿者进行专项调查。结果485例留置导尿管病例,共出现泌尿道医院感染261例,平均感染发生率为53.8%,平均每1000床位日发生感染26.4例;其中ICU、泌尿外科、妇产科患者发生率较其他科室高。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,留置导尿发生泌尿道感染的独立危险因素为性别、导尿期间抗菌药物的持续冲洗、导尿管的留置时间（天）、抗菌药物使用种类。结论留置导尿患者泌尿道医院感染发生率高,应采取有效措施,切实降低其发病率。     

腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术后并发尿路感染的影响因素

目的调查分析腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术(ELRP)后并发尿路感染危险因素,并探讨护理干预对策。方法选取2017年1月—2020年10月在医院行ELRP患者200例,将其中并发尿路感染的53例患者作为病例组,未并发尿路感染的147例作为对照组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析并发尿路感染的影响因素。结果经过单因分析素筛选,多因素Logistics回归分析发现,年龄、BMI、术前肾功能不全、ASA等级、D-二聚体是并发尿路感染的影响因素(P <0.05)。结论年龄≥60岁、BMI≥30、术前肾功能不全、CCI评分≥2分、ASA等级Ⅲ~Ⅳ、D-二聚体1.5μg/ml是并发尿路感染的独立危险因素,护理人员需加强围术期预防性护理干预,降低并发尿路感染风险,促进患者早日康复。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株所致医院获得性泌尿道感染的调查与危险因素分析

目的了解致医院获得性泌尿道感染（HAUTI）的革兰阴性杆菌的分布特点及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株的耐药性现状,并对产ESBLs菌株所致HAUTI的危险因素进行分析。方法收集2007年1月至2008年12月发生院内革兰阴性菌HAUTI的住院病例共299例,对所采集的革兰阴性菌株进行鉴定,并用纸片琼脂扩散法检测所有革兰阴性菌株的药物敏感性,采用双纸片协同试验进行ESBLs表型确证。结合患者的临床资料进行多因素Logistic回归分析产ESBLs菌株致HAUTI的危险因素。结果 299株病原菌中大肠埃希菌分离率最高（60.87%）,其次为铜绿假单胞菌（16.39%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（15.72%）,299株革兰阴性菌中共检出产ESBLs菌株144株（48.16%）,全部为大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中产ESBLs检出率分别为63.19%和61.70%。产酶菌株对多种抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于非产酶菌株;入住重症监护病房（ICU）、前期第3代头孢菌素类抗菌药物的使用和留置尿管是独立的院内产ESBLs细菌感染的危险因素[比值比（OR）分别为0.07、0.14、4.87,P〈0.001]。结论致HAUTI革兰阴性菌中产ESBLs菌株占据较高比例,与不产酶菌株相比,其对大多数抗菌药物均呈不同程度耐药。因此严格把握入住ICU、第3代头孢菌素及留置尿管使用指征,对防止产ESBLs菌株所致HAUTI具有突出的临床意义。     

多学科联合集束化干预对输尿管镜碎石术后感染的效果

目的 探讨多学科联合集束化干预对输尿管镜碎石患者术后感染的效果.方法 选取安徽中医药大学第一附属医院泌尿外科输尿管镜碎石患者60例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(多学科联合集束化干预)与对照组(常规护理),每组30例,分析并比较两组患者血白细胞(WBC)计数、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、尿白细胞(LEU)计...     

喉癌术后下呼吸道感染的危险因素分析与护理对策

目的探讨喉癌术后下呼吸道感染的危险因素与护理对策。方法选取2017年6月至2019年6月在本院接受手术治疗的喉癌患者104例为研究对象,术后均经病理检测确诊,术后发生下呼吸道感染13例。收集患者手术方式、性别、年龄、留置胃管、颈部清扫、饮酒史、使用呼吸机、吸烟史、应用抗菌药物等临床资料,对相关信息进行统计学处理。结果13例下呼吸道感染患者中共分离出21株菌株,其中革兰阴性菌14株,占比66.67%;革兰阳性菌6株,占比28.57%;真菌1株,占比4.76%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,使用抗菌药物、留置胃管、术后营养支持较差及全喉切除术是喉癌术后下呼吸道感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论喉癌术后发生下呼吸道感染的影响因素较多,临床应制定针对性护理干预措施,为提早预防提供参考依据,以降低术后感染率,改善预后。     

Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury after intracoronary stent implantation

BACKGROUND:

Acute kidney injury following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a worse outcome. However, the risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after intracoronary stent implantation are still unknown.

METHODS:

A retrospective case control study was done in 325 patients who underwent intracoronary stent implantation from January 2010 to March 2011 at the Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine. Those were excluded from the study if they had incomplete clinical data. The patients were divided into a normal group and a AKI group according to the standard of post-operation day 7 to identify AKI. The parameters of the patients included: 1) pre-operative ones: age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, left ventricular insufficiency, peripheral angiopathy, creatinine, urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hyperuricemia, proteinuria, emergency operation, hydration, medications (ACEI/ARBs, statins); 2) intraoperative ones: dose of contrast media, operative time, hypotension; and 3) postoperative one: hypotension. The parameters were analyzed with univariate analysis and multivariate logistical regression analysis.

RESULTS:

Of the 325 patients, 51(15.7%) developed AKI. Hospital day and in-hospital mortality were increased significantly in the AKI-group. Univariate analysis showed that age, pre-operative parameters (left ventricular insufficiency, peripheral angiopathy, creatinine, urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hyperuricemia, proteinuria, hydration), emergency operation, intraoperative parameters (operative time, hypotension) and postoperative hypotension were significantly different. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that increased age (OR=0.253, 95%CI=0.088–0.727), pre-operative proteinuria (OR=5.351, 95%CI=2.128–13.459), pre-operative left ventricular insufficiency (OR=8.704, 95%CI=3.170–23.898), eGFR≤60 ml/min/1.73 m² (OR=6.677, 95%CI=1.167–38.193), prolonged operative time, intraoperative hypotension (OR=25.245, 95%CI=1.001–1.034) were independent risk factors of AKI.

CONCLUSIONS:

AKI is a common complication and associated with ominous outcome following intracoronary stent implantation. Increased age, pre-operative proteinuria, pre-operative left ventricular insufficiency, pre-operative low estimated glomerular filtration rate, prolonged operative time, intraoperative hypotension were the significant risk factors of AKI.KEY WORDS: Intracoronary stent implantation, Acute kidney injury, Risk factor, Outcome     

冠状动脉支架植入术后急性肾损伤的危险因素和预后分析

目的 探讨冠状动脉支架植入术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的危险因素及预后.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年3月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行冠状动脉支架植入术的325例患者临床资料,排除部分资料不完整的患者.根据术后7d内符合急性肾损伤诊断的标准将入选患者分为对照组(n =274)和AKI组(n=51).观察指标:(1)术前指标,包括年龄、性别、基础疾病(高血压、糖尿病、脑血管疾病、左心功能不全、周围血管病变)、肌酐、尿素氮、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、高尿酸血症,蛋白尿、急诊手术、水化、用药(ACEI/ARB、他汀类);(2)术中指标,包括造影剂剂量、手术时间、低血压;(3)术后指标,包括低血压.采用单因素分析及Logistic多元回归分析,最终筛选出冠状动脉支架植入术后AKI的独立危险因素.并且统计术后AKI的发生率以及分析预后.结果 冠状动脉支架植入术后有51例患者出现AKI,发生率为15.7％;AKI患者的住院时间明显延长(P＜0.01)、病死率明显升高(P＜0.05).单因素分析提示:(1)术前指标:年龄、基础疾病(左心功能不全、周围血管病变)、肌酐、尿素氮、eGFR、高尿酸血症,蛋白尿、急诊手术、术前水化等指标差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(2)术中指标:手术时间、低血压发生率的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(3)术后指标:低血压发生率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示:年龄≥65岁(OR=0.253)、术前蛋白尿(OR=5.351)、术前左心功能不全(OR=8.704)、术前eGFR≤60 md/( min·1.73 m2)(OR=6.677)、手术时间延长(OR=1.017)、术中低血压(OR=25.245)是冠状动脉支架植入术后发生急性肾损伤的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 AKI是冠状动脉支架植入术后常见的并发症,预后不佳.患者高龄、术前蛋白尿,术前左心功能不全、术前eGFR水平低、手术时间延长、术中低血压是术后并发AKI的独立危险因素.