蛛网膜下腔出血后再出血的诊治体验

我院自 1991年 9月至 2 0 0 0年 6月共收治蛛网膜下腔出血(ＳＡＨ) 3 4 2例 ,其中再出血 42例 (12 2 % ) ,再出血后死亡 2 4例(5 7 1% )现分析报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　性别和年龄　 42例中男 3 2例 ,女 10例 ,年龄最小 8岁 ,最大 73岁。 2 5～ 49岁为高峰发病年龄。再出血 8～ 2 5岁 6例 ,2 5～ 49岁 2 6例 ,49～ 73岁 10例。1 2　再出血后临床症状和体征　病人第 1次出血后 ,又突然出现下列一种或几种情况 :头痛突然加重 ,恶心、呕吐、嗜睡 ,甚至昏迷 ;全身强直、抽搐 ;脑膜刺激征阳性 ;一侧或双侧瞳孔扩大 ,视乳头水肿 ,视网膜出血渗…     

脊髓蛛网膜下腔出血l例报告

脊髓蛛网膜下腔出血临床上少见 ,现报告 1例如下。1　病例　男 ,5 0岁。因发作性腹、背部疼痛、双下肢麻木、无力 15小时 ,尿潴留 9小时于 2 0 0 2年 8月 12日 10时入院。患者于 8月 11日晚 7时不明原因出现剧烈腹痛 ,向肩背部放射 ,8时出现双下肢麻木、无力 ,从足部向上发展 ,迅速累及双下肢 ,半小时后双下肢麻木无力自行缓解 ;晚 9时 30分腹痛亦缓解。 8月 12日凌晨 1时出现尿潴留 ,5时再次出现腹痛、双下肢无力 ,一直持续至入院。既往体健。查体 :ＢＰ 2 1/ 13ｋＰａ,右腰腹部可见咖啡样色素沉着带 ,心肺腹无异常 ;颈强硬 ,双下肢肌力 4…     

乙醇中毒性脑梗死12例临床分析

青、中年人群急性缺血性脑血管病的发病率有逐年上升趋势 ,发病者多有长期大量饮酒史 ,本文就两年来收治的 12例急性乙醇中毒性脑梗死患者的发病情况及发病机制报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　性别及年龄　本组 12例均男性 ,最小 32岁 ,最大 5 7岁 ,平均 44 5岁 ,其中小于 45岁者 5例。1 2　饮酒史及醉酒与发病时间　饮酒史均 10年以上 ,平均每日 5 0 0ｍｌ左右者 7例 ,5 0 0～ 10 0 0ｍｌ者 3例 ,10 0 0ｍｌ以上者 2例。主要饮用高浓度白酒 ,饮酒方式以拌菜饮酒者 10例 ,常空腹饮酒者 2例。于饮酒过程中发病 5例 ,醉后活动或休息时发病 7例 ,从…     

POEMS综合征(附7例临床分析)

POEMS综合征是一种免疫相关性神经系统疾病 ,可伴有或不伴有多发性骨髓瘤的多系统病变。典型表现有多发性周围神经病 (Polyneuropathy)、脏器肿大 (Organom egaly)、内分泌病 (Endocrinopathy)、M-蛋白 (M- Protein)、皮肤改变(Skinchange)。我们将 1994～ 2 0 0 0年间收治的 7例予以报道 ,并结合文献分析如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料7例均为住院患者 ,男 6例 ,女 1例 ;发病年龄 3 5～ 5 7岁 ,平均 42 .83岁 ,病程 9个月～ 3 .5年 ,平均 1.71年。1.2　临床表现以周围神经病为首发症状者 4例 ,1例首发症状为多发性骨髓瘤 ,双下肢浮肿…     

大面积脑梗死16例临床分析

现将我院从 1994年 12月至 2 0 0 0年 2月共收治 16例大面积脑梗死 ,其临床、ＣＴ表现及预后作一探讨。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　男 6例 ,女 10例 ,年龄最小 39岁 ,最大 80岁 ,平均 6 4岁 ,以 6 0～ 70岁最多 ;既往有高血压病史 7例 ,糖尿病史3例 ,冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病 4例 ,风心病史 2例。1 2　起病方式　正看电视发病 2例 ,活动时发病 2例 ,睡眠中发病 12例。1 3　临床表现　治疗时间最早为发病后 1ｈ ,最晚病后 5天 ,起病后突然昏迷 5例 ,1天内昏迷者 3例 ,病后 2天昏迷者 2例 ,发病 3天后昏迷 1例 ,有 5例神志清醒 ,其中 2例为混合…     

青壮年脑梗死60例临床分析

本组 60例均为我院住院病人。男性 3 2例 ,女性 2 8例 ,男女之比为 1 .51 :1。发病于 2 5～ 3 0岁者 3例 ,3 1～ 3 5岁者7例 ,3 6～ 4 0岁者 1 4例 ,4 1～ 4 5岁者 3 6例。平均 3 6岁。 60例中 50例于安静或睡眠中发病 ,1 0例于活动中发病。入院时病程 1小时至 3日。反复复发 6例 ( 1 0 % ) ,其中 4例为第2次复发 ,2例为第 3次复发 ,此 6例均为风湿性心脏病伴心律不齐。 2 3人嗜烟、酒 ,均为男性。影像学及临床症状 60例均于发病 6小时后行头颅 CT扫描 ,其中 4 2例 ( 70 % )异常 ,其他 1 8例 2 4小时复查 1 5例异常。3例未见异常 ,临床诊断…     

35例大面积脑梗塞临床观察

脑动脉硬化及外源性栓子引起脑动脉主干狭窄、闭塞导致大面积梗塞 ,因其发病突然 ,症候危重 ,死亡率高而引起临床重视。我科于 1995年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 10月共收治大面积脑梗塞 35例 ,本文就其临床特点、治疗原则及预后做一回顾性分析 ,以供参考。临床资料1.一般资料 :本组病例男 2 5例 ,女 10例 ,年龄 4 8～ 84岁 ,平均 5 4岁 ,全部病例 2 4小时内就诊。其中高血压病史 2 4例 ,脑梗塞 2 0例 ,糖尿病病史 16例 ,房颤 5例 ,颈动脉狭窄超过 70 % 1例。2 .临床表现 :35例患者中活动时发病 10例 ,睡眠中或休息时发病 2 5例 ,其中明确栓子来源的…     

散发性病毒性脑炎120例临床分析

散发性病毒性脑炎是部分病例目前尚难通过病毒分离或其它实验室检查确定病原 ,其诊断主要依赖临床〔1〕的一类多病因的中枢神经系统疾病。临床表现多样 ,因缺乏特异性诊断方法而容易误诊。现将我院 1990年 2月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月收治的 12 0例总结报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　男 70例 ,女 5 0例 ,男女比例为 1 4∶1;10岁以下 42例 ,11～ 2 0岁 3 5例 ,2 1～ 3 0岁 2 1例 ,3 1～ 40岁 12例 ,40岁以上 10例 ,其中最小 5岁 ,最大 5 4岁。随年龄增大发病率逐渐下降 ,其中 2 0岁以下发病 77例 ,占 64 2 %。发病季节 1～ 3月18例 ,4～ 6月…     

周期性瘫痪42例临床分析

现将我院 1990年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月收治的周期性瘫痪进行回顾性分析 ,报道如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 42例患者男 3 7例 ,女 5例 ,男女之比 4 2 5∶1;年龄 9～ 45岁 ,平均 3 9 5岁。急性起病 3 1例 ,亚急性起病 11例。 3 7例为首次发作 ,5例有反复发作史。发病年龄 9～ 3 0岁11例 ,3 1～ 40岁 2 1例 ,40～ 45岁 10例。发病者以青壮年多见。有受凉、饱餐、情绪激动、劳累等诱因者 3 8例 ,占 90 47%。发病至就诊时间为 6～ 2 0ｈ。1 2　临床特点　 3 4例诉剧渴、出汗、四肢乏力 ,呈进行性发展。3 3例下肢迟缓性瘫痪 ,双侧对称 ,近…     

慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病26例临床分析

我院自 1996年至 2 0 0 1年收治慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病2 6例 ,现将临床资料进行总结分析。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 2 6例均为男性 ,年龄 3 0～ 65岁 ,40～ 60岁者 16例 ,占 61 5 %。饮酒史 10～ 3 5年 ,2 0年以上者 13人 ,占5 0 % ;每日饮酒 2 0 0～ 3 0 0ｍｌ者 19人 ,5 0 0ｍｌ以上者 7人 ,早期辅以少量佐餐 ,后期多为空腹饮酒者占 80 % ,本组病例均无糖尿病史。1 2　临床表现　发病早期均有不同程度的神经衰弱症状 ,如头昏、头痛、失眠、记忆力减退 ,病情发展逐渐出现周围神经损害症状 ,表现为肢体疼痛 6例 ,四肢远端麻木、无…     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.