胸腺素α1治疗慢性重型乙型病毒性肝炎的疗效观察

目的观察胸腺素α1对慢性重型乙型病毒性肝炎的治疗效果。方法将44例慢性重型乙型病毒性肝炎患者分为治疗组(综合治疗 胸腺素α1)20例和对照组(综合治疗)24例,观察8周,测定两组治疗前后血清总胆红素(TBIL)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、病毒学标志物(HBsAg与HBeAg)以及HBV DNA等指标,比较自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)治愈率以及患者存活率。结果治疗后,与对照组比较,治疗组血清TBIL明显下降(P<0.01),PTA明显上升(P<0.01);治疗组SBP治愈率为81.25%,对照组为42.11%,两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗组存活率为75.00%,对照组为45.83%,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。治疗前后两组血清病毒标志物和HBV DNA无明显变化;未发现明显毒副反应。结论胸腺素α1能显著提高慢性重型乙型病毒性肝炎SBP治愈率,改善肝功能,并提高其存活率。     

重型肝炎并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎45例临床分析

目的　探讨重型病毒性肝炎并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎 (SBP)细菌种类以及临床特点 ,减少漏诊 ,提高抢救成功率。方法　对 4 5例重型病毒性肝炎并发SBP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 4 5例重型病毒性肝炎患者中 2 4例腹水细菌培养阳性 (5 3 3% ) ,共分离细菌 2 5株 ,包括 8种细菌 ,以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主 ,大肠杆菌为主要致病菌 ,占 4 8% ;38例 (84 4 % )患者腹水多形核白细胞 (PMN)比值≥ 0 5 0。结论　重型病毒性肝炎并发SBP临床表现大多数不典型 ,腹水PMN比值是诊断SBP的可靠指标 ;病原菌以大肠杆菌为主 ,对第三代头孢菌素和第三代氟喹诺酮类药物敏感。     

血浆置换治疗重型肝炎的时机选择及疗效观察

目的　探讨应用血浆置换 (PE)治疗重型肝炎的疗效和治疗时机。方法　设观察组和对照组 ,两组在护肝综合治疗的基础上 ,观察组同时给予PE治疗。观察不同病期治愈好转率、总有效率 ,平均住院天数和主要实验室检查指标。结果　观察组 (76例 )重型肝炎早、中、晚期治愈好转率分别为 99.97% ,79.17% ,2 6 .32 % ,总有效率73.6 8% ;对照组 (4 5例 )分别为 6 5 % ,5 7.14 % ,9.0 9% ,总有效率 4 8.89% ;临床治愈病例平均住院时间 ,观察组为2 2 .5 2± 13.5 6d ,对照组为 5 2 .4 4± 18.2 5d ,两组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　PE是治疗重型肝炎较为安全有效的方法 ,重型肝炎患者宜在早、中期即用血浆置换治疗。     

病毒性肝炎患者传播血源性疾病危险性调查

目的比较重型病毒性肝炎患者与非重型病毒性肝炎患者护理危险性的差异,探讨感染科收治重型病毒性肝炎患者的规范性管理措施。方法采用随机抽样方法回顾性查阅2008年1月～2008年12月在某综合性医院感染科出院的重型病毒性肝炎患者60例,对照组为同期出院的非重型病毒性肝炎患者60例,比较护理两组患者危险性的差异。结果重型病毒性肝炎患者的年龄、住院天数、住院次数高于非重型病毒性肝炎患者(P<0.05);两组患者肝炎病毒复制、合并其他血源性疾病差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组侵入性操作、血制品使用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论护理重型病毒性肝炎患者感染血源性疾病危险性大于护理普通肝炎患者,应落实标准预防,加强职业防护管理,建立有关规章制度。     

医院感染对重型肝炎预后的影响

目的　探讨医院感染对重型病毒性肝炎预后的影响。方法　对 1992年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 3月间收治的 78例重型病毒性肝炎患者进行回顾性调查分析。结果　 78例重型肝炎患者并发医院感染有 38例 ,感染发生率为4 8.7% ,感染部位以腹腔、胃肠道、呼吸道占前 3位 ;G-杆菌 11株 (5 5 % ) ,真菌 5株 (2 5 % ) ,G+球菌 4株 (2 0 % ) ;并发医院感染的重型病毒性肝炎患者多器官衰竭的发生率为 94 .7% ,病死率为 6 8.4 % ,均明显高于无医院感染的重型病毒性肝炎患者 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　重型病毒性肝炎患者容易继发各种医院感染 ,影响预后。     

护肝药预防抗结核药物性肝损害的效果观察

目的观察预防性使用护肝药对抗结核药物性肝损害的预防效果。方法采用随机抽样方法,选择广西14个县(区)作为项目点,将半年内在项目点结防机构登记治疗的涂阳肺结核患者作为研究对象,随访6～8个月。对研究对象进行问卷调查和实验室肝功能检测。结果 90%的肺结核患者预防性使用护肝药物。预防性护肝药物的使用种类主要有中成药类、水飞蓟素类、葡醛内酯类,占使用护肝药物总人数的96.2%。预防性使用护肝药的患者肝损害发生率为3.9%,未预防的发生率为1.9%,两者之间的差异无统计学意义(2=0.419,P>0.05)。肝损害发生率在全程护肝组(3.8%)、非全程护肝组(4.2%)和对照组(1.9%)之间的差异也无统计学意义(2=1.109,P>0.05)。几种常用预防性护肝药物未显示出与降低肝损害的发生有关。预防性使用护肝药物与肝损害严重程度亦未显示出有关系(2=2.699,P>0.05)。结论预防性使用护肝药物对抗结核药物性肝损害的预防效果尚不明确,临床用药应根据患者病情确定是否需要预防性护肝。     

内镜下聚桂醇注射联合小剂量组织胶封堵治疗肝硬化F3型食管静脉曲张的疗效与安全性评价

目的探讨内镜下聚桂醇注射联合小剂量组织胶封堵治疗肝硬化F3型食管静脉曲张的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析遵义医科大学附属医院2020年1月至2021年6月收治的42例肝硬化F3型食管静脉曲张患者, 按治疗方法不同分为观察组和对照组, 每组各21例。观察组给予内镜下聚桂醇注射联合小剂量组织胶封堵, 对照组给予内镜下注射聚桂醇。比较两组患者手术的有效性(静脉曲张缓解率)与安全性(术中出血与术后再出血发生率、异位栓塞发生率、食管溃疡发生率、食管穿孔发生率、食管狭窄发生率)指标差异。结果观察组食管静脉曲张缓解总有效率明显优于对照组[95.2%(20/21) vs 61.9%(13/21), χ2=6.929, P=0.008]。两组均无异位栓塞发生病例;观察组术中出血率为4.8%(1/21), 显著低于对照组的38.1%(8/21)(χ2=6.929, P=0.008);两组术后再出血率差异无统计学意义[33.3%(7/21) vs 23.8%(5/21), χ2=0.467, P=0.495];观察组食管溃疡发生率高于对照组[23.8%(5/21) vs 0, χ2=5.676, P=0.01...     

病毒性肝炎患者传播血源性疾病危险性调查

目的比较重型病毒性肝炎患者与非重型病毒性肝炎患者护理危险性的差异,探讨感染科收治重型病毒性肝炎患者的规范性管理措施。方法采用随机抽样方法回顾性查阅2008年1月～2008年12月在某综合性医院感染科出院的重型病毒性肝炎患者60例．对照组为同期出院的非重型病毒性肝炎患者60例。比较护理两组患者危险性的差异。结果重型病毒性肝炎患者的年龄、住院天数、住院次数高于非重型病毒性肝炎患者（P〈0．05）;两组患者肝炎病毒复制、合并其他血源性疾病差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组侵入性操作、血制品使用差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论护理重型病毒性肝炎患者感染血源性疾病詹除肿士千扣撂兽诵肝窭最去府蕊空栋飧稀防卉口福职廿防舻苦弹碴隶者莘柳壹制唐     

病毒性肝炎高胆红素血症45例临床研究

目的观察胸腺肽、苦黄注射液、门冬氨酸钾镁联合治疗伴有高胆红素血症的病毒性肝炎疗效。方法87例病人随机分为两组,治疗组在一般护肝治疗基础上应用胸腺肽100 mg/日,苦黄注射液30 ml/日,门冬氨酸钾镁针20 ml/日;对照组在一般护肝治疗基础上应用茵栀黄注射液30 ml/日。4周为1个疗程。治疗期间每周检测肝功能、血清胆红素等,同时记录用药不良反应。结果治疗组ALT平均复常天数27.0天(慢性活动性肝炎),SB平均复常天数28.9天(慢性活动性肝炎),总有效率98.5%,明显优于对照组48.2天,56.2天,77.4%(P<0.01)。急性黄疸型肝炎两组疗效无差异。两组均无明显不良反应。结论胸腺肽、苦黄注射液、门冬氨酸钾镁联合治疗伴有高胆红素血症的慢性活动性病毒性肝炎疗效显著。     

236例重型病毒性肝炎与肝炎病毒关系分析

重型病毒性肝炎 (重型肝炎 )因其病情危重、死亡率高 ,一直备受临床的重视。重型肝炎与病原有关 ,HBV与 HCV或HDV重叠感染会使病情加重 ,病死率增高。为进一步探讨重型肝炎与肝炎病毒的关系 ,对 2 36例重型病毒性肝炎的肝炎病毒感染情况进行了分析。1　材料与方法1.1　对象　 2 36例重型肝炎为本院 1998年 3月～ 2 0 0 0年 2月收治的住院病人 ,其中男 198例 ,女 38例 ,年龄 3～ 78岁 ,平均 39.1岁 ;平均住院天数为 2 9.8天 ;死亡 5 9例 ,病死率为 2 5 .0 %。按 1995年 5月北京第五次全国传染病寄生虫病学术会议讨论修订的《病毒性肝炎防…     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.