躁狂症患者T淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的：观察躁狂症患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群的情况。方法：用碱性磷酸酶－抗碱性磷酸酶（APAAP）法检测32例躁狂症患者和30名健康对照组的外赂血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果：治疗前患者组外周血的CD3水平明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,而两组的CD4、CD8及CD4／CD8水平差异不显著（P＞0．05）;治疗后躁狂症患者外周血的CD3、CD4、CD8比治疗前有显著下降（P＜0．05）。结论：躁狂症患者存在细胞免疫功能异常。     

肺心病患者细胞免疫功能的研究

目的：探讨肺心病患者细胞免疫功能。方法：对３８例肺心病患者应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体,以碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶法检测外周血Ｔ细胞亚群。结果：肺心病患者血清ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ含量显著高于对照组。其Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群与正常组比较,ＣＤ４细胞显著减少,ＣＤ８细胞则显著增多,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值显著降低。     

百令胶囊对早期糖尿病肾病患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨百令胶囊治疗早期糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy,DN）的作用机制。方法：将60例早期DN患者随机分为百令胶囊组和福辛普利组各30例,治疗3个月。在治疗前后用流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群,用放射免疫法检测白介素-2（interleukin-2,IL-2）水平。结果：治疗前福辛普利组和百令胶囊组患者血清IL-2水平、CD4^＋细胞百分率和CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,CD8^＋细胞百分率显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。与治疗前比较,福辛普利组和百令胶囊组患者血清IL-2水平、CD4^＋细胞百分率显著升高（P〈0．01）。百令胶囊组患者血清IL-2水平、CD4^＋细胞百分率显著高于福辛普利组（P〈0．01）。结论：调节T淋巴细胞亚群和IL-2水平可能是百令胶囊治疗早期DN的重要机制之一。     

女性生殖器结核患者T-淋巴细胞亚群及可溶性白细胞介素-2受体检测的临床分析

目的探讨并动态观察女性生殖器结核患者外用血T-淋巴细胞亚群（T—LS）变化及血清可溶性白细胞介素-2受体（SIL-2R）水平在其发生发展中的作用。方法采用单克隆抗体法（McAB）和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测76例女性生殖器结核患者治疗前、治疗中（用药2—3月）、治疗后（总疗程结束停药3月内）T—LS的变化及SIL-2R的水平。同时设对照组26例。结果女性生殖器结核患者CD8、SIL-2R明显增高，CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8比值明显降低，与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．001）；进展期较好转期和稳定期变化明显（P〈0．001）。结论外周血T—LS的变化及血清SIL-2R水平的表达与女性生殖器结核患者的病情严重程度及预后有一定的相关性。     

原发性高血压患者免疫功能变化研究

38例原发性高血压患者免疫功能测定与对照组比，外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、CD4／CD8显著降低（P＜0．01），CDS显著升高（P＜0．01），IL－2活性显著下降（P＜0．01），sIL－2R明显增高（P＜0．01）。提示原发性高血压患者存在免疫功能紊乱．细胞免疫参与了原发性高血压的病理过程。     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者免疫功能状态的临床研究

目的：了解慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及可溶性白细胞素Ⅱ受体（sIL－2R）的变化及意义。方法：采用免疫细胞化学ABC间接法及双抗体夹心ELISA法。结果：①CRF患者外周血CD(3＋)、CD(4＋)、CD(8＋)细胞、CD(4＋)／CD(8＋)比值均显著低于正常对照组（P＜0．05～0．01），与Scr、GFR无相关性；②血清sIL－2R含量较对照组显著增高（P＜0．01），与Scr呈显著正相关，GFR是显著负相关。结论：CRF患者存在免疫功能异常的病理改变，免疫调节剂的使用可能有助于延缓CRF的进展。     

慢性肾炎血清SOD、NO／NOS和T淋巴细胞亚群检测意义

目的探讨慢性肾炎患者治疗前后血清SOD、NO／NOS和T淋巴细胞亚群水平的变化。方法分别应用放免法、化学法和单克隆抗体法对37例慢性肾炎患者进行了血清SOD、NO／NOS和T淋巴细胞亚群水平的检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果慢性肾炎患者在治疗前血清NOS水平显著高于正常人组（P〈0．01）、而SOD、NO和CD4／CD8比值明显低于正常人组（P〈0．01）,经治疗半年后血清SOD,NO／NOS和CD4／CD8与治疗前组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论检测慢性肾炎患者血清SOD、NO／NOS和T淋巴细胞亚群水平对判断病情及其预后均具有一定的临床实用价值。     

梅毒血清固定与神经梅毒患者淋巴细胞的检测及意义

目的分析梅毒患者的免疫功能状态及探讨梅毒治疗有效、血清固定、神经梅毒与外周血淋巴细胞（PBLC）亚群的关系。方法应用流式细胞仪检测了20例梅毒治疗有效患者、23例梅毒血清固定患者、16例神经梅毒患者的外周血淋巴细胞亚群,并与20例健康人群相对照。结果各组梅毒患者外周血CD4^＋细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值均显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）;治疗有效组患者B细胞（CD19^＋）显著高于正常对照组（p〈0．01）,NK细胞显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;血清固定组患者NK细胞显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。结论梅毒患者存在着明显的细胞免疫抑制,T淋巴细胞亚群的改变和NK细胞减少与梅毒血清固定和发展成神经梅毒有密切关系。体液免疫对梅毒螺旋体亦有一定的辅助防御作用。     

T淋巴细胞亚群异常与特发性血小板减少性紫癜的关系

目的 通过检测T淋巴细胞亚群及其凋亡，初步探讨T淋巴细胞亚群异常在特发性减少性紫癜（ITP）发病机制中的作用。方法 采用流式细胞术对ITP患者及正常对照组的外周血淋巴细胞亚群进行检测；DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测T淋巴细胞的凋亡。结栗ITP患者CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞比例均显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），而CD8^＋T细胞和CD4^＋T细胞表面Fas表达均较正常组增加（P〈0．01）；T淋巴细胞凋亡敏感性增加。结论 ITP患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群异常，T细胞免疫调控亚群（CD4^＋CD25^＋）凋亡增多，对自身反应性T细胞亚群免疫下调作用降低，破坏自身免疫耐受，在ITP的发病中起重要作用。     

肝硬化患者血清IL—2，IL—6，IL—8及T细胞亚群检测的临床意义

目的：探讨肝硬化患者血清白细胞介素2（IL－2）,白细胞介素6IIL－6）,白细胞介素8（IL－8）及T细胞亚群变化的意义。方法：应用ELISA法测定肝硬化患者及正常对照组的血清IL－6及IL－8水平含量,应用MTT法检测血清IL－2活性;流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群水平。结果：肝硬化B级和C级患者IL－2,CD8^ T淋巴细胞,CD4^ /CD8^ 及C级IL－8,CD4^ T淋巴细胞与正常对照组比较差别均有显著性意义（P＜0．01和0．05）,肝硬化B级患者IL－2,IL－6及IL－8高于A级患者,C级患者高于B级患者（P＜0．01和0．05）,结论：肝硬化患者存在着免疫功能紊乱及低,下,肝功能损伤程度可能与血清IL-2,IL-6IL－8增加有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.