Elderly people taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are unlikely to have excess renal impairment

The importance of possible adverse effects on renal function of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been widely discussed. Elderly people have been thought to be particularly at risk. We therefore studied simple indices of renal function and plasma potassium in 54 patients with a mean age of 85 years, 27 taking these drugs and 27 controls. Twenty five of our 54 patients were also taking diuretics. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not affect renal function or plasma potassium in these patients.     

药源性急性胰腺炎及其相关药物

药源性急性胰腺炎是药物诱发的一种医源性消化道急症。药源性急性胰腺炎尽管比较少见,但为了提高临床用药安全性,应加强对药源性急性胰腺炎临床表现及相关药物的监测。现就利尿药、甾体类激素、非甾体类抗炎药物、抗菌药物、抗肿瘤药物、中枢神经系统药物、心血管药物、中草药等10余种药物诱发的胰腺炎的发病机制、罹病药物、临床表现及诊断治疗要点等进行阐述。     

Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the outcome of faecal occult blood tests in screening for colorectal cancer

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been accused of causing false positive results in faecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer. A study was therefore performed in 10,931 people undergoing faecal occult blood screening tests to assess the effect of these drugs on the predictive value of a positive test result. Those with a positive result were interviewed and a full drug history was taken before they underwent a full colorectal examination. Of the 455 people with a positive result, 50 were taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: 10 (20%) had colonic neoplasia. Of the 405 who were not taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 129 (32%) had colonic neoplasia. These detection rates were not significantly different, and the predictive value of a positive result for an adenoma larger than 1 cm was 14% in the group not taking anti-inflammatory drugs and 26% in the group taking them (not significant). These results suggest that a finding of occult faecal blood cannot be attributed to upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and should be followed by a thorough colorectal examination.     

Total body calcium in rheumatoid arthritis: effects of disease activity and corticosteroid treatment

Rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with generalised as well as periarticular osteoporosis. To assess the extent of bone loss and the influence of corticosteroid treatment total body calcium was measured by in-vivo neutron activation analysis in 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone and 31 treated with additional low-dose corticosteroids. The results were compared with those in 40 normal controls matched for age, sex, and menopausal state. There were significant reductions in mean total body calcium in the group treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (5.3% in men; 6.8% in women) and greater reductions in the corticosteroid-treated patients (11.5% in men, 15.5% in women). The reduction was correlated with disease duration and activity in the patients treated with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs alone. Measured total body calcium was significantly less than the values predicted when this relation was used in the corticosteroid-treated patients. The data suggest that increased bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with corticosteroids is attributable to drug treatment rather than disease activity. Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low-dosage corticosteroids and some postmenopausal women with the disease are likely to be at risk from the complications of osteoporosis.     

Fatal peptic ulcer complications and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, and corticosteroids

Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are known to cause peptic ulcer and its complications, controversy exists about the number of deaths from ulcer which are attributable to their use. A case-control study was therefore performed to determine whether prior use of non-steroidal and other anti-inflammatory compounds was associated with an increased case fatality rate from complications of peptic ulcer. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used by 39% of a series of 80 patients who had died from peptic ulcer complications and by 37% of 160 controls who were survivors matched for sex, age, ulcer site, and nature of complication (odds ratio 1.1; 95% confidence interval 0.6 to 2.1). Similarly, the rates of prior use of aspirin by cases and controls were almost identical (odds ratio 1.2; 95% confidence interval 0.5 to 1.9). Thus neither nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs nor aspirin were associated with increased case fatality rates from peptic ulcer complications. In contrast, corticosteroids were associated with an increased mortality (odds ratio 4.2; 95% confidence interval 0.9 to 25.6). Although this increase in the estimated relative risk was not statistically significant, a review of the case records indicated that most deaths in steroid users were due to serious sepsis, indicating that there might be a causal association between use of the drugs and the mode of death.     

Use of anti-inflammatory drugs by patients admitted with small or large bowel perforations and haemorrhage

The intake of anti-inflammatory drugs by 268 patients with colonic or small bowel perforation or haemorrhage was compared with that by a group of patients, matched for age and sex, with uncomplicated lower bowel disease. Patients with perforation or haemorrhage were more than twice as likely to be takers of anti-inflammatory drugs, but no association was detected with the intake of other types of drugs, particularly cardiovascular drugs. The association between complicated lower bowel disease and intake of anti-inflammatory drugs may be causal.     

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ingestion: retrospective study of 272 bleeding or perforated peptic ulcers

The ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in 272 patients with bleeding or perforated peptic ulcer was compared with 272 age/sex matched controls. A significantly higher proportion of patients with gastric ulcers had received NSAID than those with duodenal ulcers. Twelve of 90 (13%) patients admitted with bleeding duodenal ulcers had received NSAID compared with 11 of 26 (42%) patients with bleeding gastric ulcers (P = 0.003). Sixteen of 132 (12%) patients with perforated duodenal ulcer were taking NSAID compared with 8 of 24 (33%) patients with perforated gastric ulcer. Thirty eight percent of patients with both bleeding and perforated gastric ulcers had received NSAID compared with 13% bleeding and perforated duodenal ulcers (P less than 0.002). This study confirms the association of NSAID and complicated peptic ulcer in patients of over 65 years and highlights the particular susceptibility of the gastric mucosa to their injurious effect.     

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and benign oesophageal stricture

Drug histories were obtained from 76 patients at the time of initial Eder-Puestow dilatation for benign oesophageal stricture. Six patients had consumed drugs known to cause oesophageal ulceration (emepronium bromide and potassium preparations). Of the remaining 70 patients, 22 had regularly taken a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug before the onset of dysphagia compared with 10 patients in a control group matched for age and sex; this difference was significant (p less than 0.02). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have a causative role in the formation of oesophageal stricture in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux, in whom they should be prescribed with caution.     

老年人服用非甾体抗炎药致上消化道出血临床分析

目的:探讨老年人服用非甾体抗炎药导致上消化道出血的临床特点。方法:对在我院诊治的上消化道出血病例进行了回顾性分析和随访。结果:老年人服药后以消化性溃疡合并出血为主,较中青年人更易引发上消化道出血,发病率为33.3%。结论:老年人服用非甾体抗炎药应注意和防治上消化道出血,应用过程中应积极预防。     

非甾体抗炎药致急性胃粘膜病变68例临床分析

目的探讨非甾体类抗炎药所致急性胃粘膜病变的临床特点。方法对2009年6月到2010年5月就诊的68例急性胃粘膜病变患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并根据出血前10天内是否服用非甾体类抗炎药分为服NSAIDs组20例和非NSAIDs组48例,比较2组患者临床资料和内镜下特点。结果两组患者年龄构成、心脑血管病史、消化道症状、溃疡、Hp感染有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论加强对非甾体抗炎药所致急性胃粘膜病变的临床特点认识,采取相应措施,减少非甾体类抗炎药引起急性胃粘膜病变的风险。