有孔型椎基底动脉的磁共振增强血管成像研究

目的分析有孔型椎基底动脉的磁共振增强血管成像(CE MRA)的影像学表现及相关血管性病变,提高对该血管异常影像学特征的认识。方法收集自2013年2月至2013年10月635例行头颈部CEMRA检查患者,其中男性337例,女性298例;年龄23~97岁,平均年龄62.4岁。将其图像传入工作站Volumeview软件行后处理,进行最大信号强度投影(MIP),对图像进行分析。结果有孔型椎基底动脉共22例,其中有孔型基底动脉18例(检出率2.83%),有孔型椎动脉4例(检出率0.63%)。有孔型椎基底动脉的异常血管形成圆孔状、裂隙样或凸透镜样形态。22例有孔型椎基底动脉中5例有孔基底动脉可见小脑下前动脉(AICA)开口于有孔血管,1例伴有烟雾病,1例合并前交通动脉瘤伴颅内出血,13例同时伴有动脉粥样硬化。结论颅内有孔型椎基底动脉的检出率约3.46%,有孔型血管尚可合并动脉瘤等其他血管性病变,CE MRA结合常规扫描能清楚显示和诊断有孔型椎基底动脉这一少见的血管异常。     

320排容积CTA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨320排容积cT血管成像（CTA）对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值。方法选取医院2010年2月-2013年12月间具有完整颅脑数字减影血管造影（DSA）资料的63例颅内动脉瘤患者,所有患者均于起病3d内完成320排容积CTA检查。以DSA检查结果作为诊断金标准,分析病变的影像学特点,并评价320排容积CTA对颅内动脉瘤诊断的准确性。结果颅脑动脉瘤阳性63例,CTA漏诊1例,病灶位于大脑后交通动脉。320排容积CTA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断敏感度及阳性预测值分别为98．41％、100％。按部位统计动脉瘤数量结果如下：颈内动脉海绵窦段4例,大脑前动脉26例,大脑中动脉4例,大脑后动脉8例,大脑前交通动脉10例,大脑后交通动脉5例,基底动脉6例。动脉瘤瘤径为2～22mm。在CTA上,动脉瘤的瘤体位置、大小、瘤颈、瘤顶指向、载瘤动脉及动脉瘤与邻近血管分支和骨性结构的空间关系均能较满意的显示,均与DSA结果相符。结论320排容积CTA诊断颅脑动脉瘤具有较高敏感性,能准确检出颅内的微小动脉瘤,对动脉瘤的空间解剖关系显示更具优势。因此,在临床工作中,320排容积CTA可以成为颅脑动脉瘤的首选影像学检查方法。     

磁共振血管成像和数字减影血管造影在烟雾病诊断中的应用

目的分析磁共振血管成像（MRA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）影像表现与临床特点之间的关系,探讨对烟雾病（MMD）的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析30例烟雾病MRA和DSA表现,分析其临床和影像学特征。结果 MRA与DSA均发现颈内动脉、大脑前、中、后动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变;DSA对双侧病变检出率较MRA高,还可检测出基底动脉狭窄、椎动脉闭塞及动脉瘤,临床表现与MRA及DSA检测结果有不一致性。结论 MRA是烟雾病筛选诊断、随访的重要方法;临床表现与MRA不一致及疑似病例应及早进行DSA检查。     

椎基底动脉系统TlA患者的BAEP与MRA对比研究

目的：探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）及磁共振血管成像（MRA）检查对椎基底动脉系统TIA的早期诊断价值。方法：对60例椎基底动脉系统TIA患者进行BAEP和MRA检查。将BAEP异常患者按潘氏定位理论分为内耳型、脑干型和混合型，并治疗1w后复查，分析其前后变化。同时选取36例健康人作对照。结果：患者组BAEP异常44例（73．3％），MRA异常35例（58．3％），BAEP、MRA均异常者31例（51．7％）。结论：BAEP、MRA对椎基底动脉系统TIA早期诊断具有重要价值，BAEP与MRA联合检测可明显提高椎基底动脉系统TIA的诊断率，并有助于缺血定位。     

椎基底动脉系统T1A患者的BAEP与MRA对比研究

目的：探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）及磁共振血管成像（MRA）检查对椎基底动脉系统TIA的早期诊断价值。方法：对60例椎基底动脉系统TIA患者进行BAEP和MRA检查。将BAEP异常患者按潘氏定位理论分为内耳型、脑干型和混合型，并治疗1w后复查，分析其前后变化。同时选取36例健康人作对照。结果：患者组BAEP异常44例（73．3％），MRA异常35例（58．3％），BAEP、MRA均异常者31例（51．7％）。结论：BAEP、MRA对椎基底动脉系统TIA早期诊断具有重要价值，BAEP与MRA联合检测可明显提高椎基底动脉系统TIA的诊断率，并有助于缺血定位。     

头颈联合64排螺旋CT血管成像诊断椎-基底动脉成窗变异

目的分析椎-基底动脉及其分支成窗变异的CT血管成像(CTA)表现,提高对该血管变异的认识。方法回顾性分析86例经头颈联合64排CTA诊断为椎-基底动脉及其分支成窗病人的影像学资料,分析椎-基底动脉及分支成窗的出现部位、形态、与周围血管及骨质的关系等特征及其合并症。结果 2051例行头颈联合64排CTA检查的病人中发现椎动脉、基底动脉或其分支成窗变异占4.2%(86例病人的88支血管),其中基底动脉为2.34%(48例),椎动脉1.8%(37例),大脑后动脉3例,小脑上动脉1例。48例基底动脉成窗中,31例位于基底动脉干,16例位于基底动脉起始部。37例椎动脉成窗中,颅内型19例,颅外型16例,颅内-外型2例。15个成窗的"窗"径小于2mm,呈孔状;73个"窗"径较大者中,37个成窗的分支粗细不等,呈"OK"手势征;36个病变分支粗细基本一致,呈部分重复走行。1例伴基底动脉成窗近端动脉瘤,3例伴其他血管的动脉瘤。2例伴大脑前动脉成窗;5例伴左侧椎动脉起源异常。结论头颈联合64排CTA能快速、直观、准确地诊断椎-基底动脉及其分支的成窗变异及其合并症,熟悉椎-基底动脉成窗的CTA特征有助于指导临床制定合理的治疗方案,提高相应治疗中的安全性。     

永存颈内-基底动脉吻合的影像学特点及其意义

目的　探讨永存颈内-基底动脉吻合的影像学特点, 提高对此类异常吻合血管的认识。 方法　回顾性分析12例经头颈CT血管造影(CTA)及MR血管造影(MRA)诊断为永存颈内-基底动脉吻合患者的影像学资料。其中9例病人行头颈联合CTA检查,3例行头和/或颈部MR血管造影(MRA)检查。 结果　12例中,9例为永存三叉动脉,3例为永存舌下动脉。永存三叉动脉中,外侧型8例,内侧型1例;按Saltzman分型Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型4例;吻合点近端的基底动脉及双侧椎动脉发育不良4例,吻合点近端基底动脉完全萎缩1例;1例合并动脉瘤,2例合并大脑中动脉成窗。3例永存舌下动脉中,2例伴同侧椎动脉缺如,1例伴对侧椎动脉发育不良,1例伴对侧椎动脉发育不良及成窗变异。 结论　（1）CTA及MRA能清晰、快速、准确地显示永存三叉动脉和永存舌下动脉等颈内-基底动脉吻合的走行、毗邻关系及其合并症;（2）熟悉这些原始吻合血管的特征有助于指导临床制定合理的治疗方案,提高相应治疗中的安全性。     

急性椎基底动脉阻塞急诊血管内治疗20例分析

目的：评价血管内重建治疗急性椎基底动脉阻塞的疗效。方法：收集急性椎基底动脉阻塞20例,全脑造影后进行动脉溶栓和支架血管成形术等血管内重建治疗,比较手术前后NIHSS评分、TIMI血流等级及临床表现。结果：完全开通9例（45％）,部分开通9例（45％）,未开通2例（10％）,总开通率为（90％）;继发脑出血1例（5％）,死亡2例（10％）。术前、术后NIHSS评分分别为18．05±6．72、13．24±5．36（P〈0．01）,术后TIMI靶血流可达2～3级,术后18例（90％）临床症状好转。结论：血管内重建是治疗急性椎基底动脉阻塞的有效方法。     

3.0T磁共振血管造影普查对颅内动脉开窗畸形的诊断价值

目的通过大样本病例研究颅内动脉开窗畸形磁共振血管造影(MRA)的检出率、好发部位及其临床意义。方法2009年10月至2011年3月行MRA 2 036例患者,确诊动脉开窗畸形25例(开窗畸形组),其中男性14例,女性11例;年龄30~81岁,平均年龄60.5岁。全部行头颅三维时间飞跃MRA(3D-TOF MRA)扫描,将原始图像经工作站处理,得到最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重组(VR)图像,分析颅内动脉开窗畸形的影像学特点,与伴发动脉瘤之间的相关性。结果 2 036例患者中,发现动脉开窗畸形共计25例(检出率1.23%,25/2 036),其中位于基底动脉11例;位于椎动脉颅内段4例;位于前交通动脉区6例;位于大脑中动脉3例;位于大脑后动脉1例。25例开窗畸形中有6例合并动脉瘤,4例位于颈内动脉颅内段,2例位于大脑前动脉。结论 3D-TOF MRA检查能准确诊断、显示颅内动脉开窗畸形。     

VBI性眩晕患者的BAEP，TCD，CDFI的对照研究

目的：探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）,经颅多普勒超声（TCD）,彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）对椎基底动脉供血不足（VBI）的诊断价值。方法：对66例临床确诊的VBI性眩晕患者进行BAEP,TCD,CDFI检测。结果：VBI患者上述三项检查的异常率分别为70％,79％,82％。BAEP提示：内耳型8例,脑干型31例,混合型7例。TCD提示：单血管流速异常30例,多血管流速异常22例;低流速38例,高流速14例;伴有阻力指数（RI）异常22例。CDFI提示：单侧异常33例,双侧异常21例,既有椎动脉形态学异常又伴有血流参数异常的36例,单纯血流参数异常的18例。结论：此三项检查均是较理想的非创伤性检查,有助于VBI早期定位和定性诊断。     

椎动脉颅内段重复变异MR血管成像的观察分析

目的:探讨椎动脉颅内段重复变异的发生率、磁共振血管成像（MRA）表现特点及其临床意义。方法:回顾性研究。纳入2011年1月—2020年12月聊城市人民医院38 503例患者和体检者的头颈联合或颅脑三维（3D）时间飞跃法（TOF）MRA扫描及最大密度重建（MIP）资料,其中男21 048例、女17 455 例,年龄2～9...     

应用MRA研究大脑前动脉A1段发育与交通动脉开放之间的关系

目的　探讨大脑前动脉A1段发育与前后交通动脉开放情况之间的关系。方法 回顾性分析了107例3.0T磁共振血管成像（MRA）无脑血管病的检查者和体检者。观察双侧大脑前动脉A1段发育、前交通动脉和双侧后交通动脉开放情况,测量双侧大脑前动脉A1段、前交通动脉及后交通动脉的管径,分析二者的相关性。  结果　①右侧大脑前动脉A1段发育不良占22.43%（24/107）,缺如占0.93%（1/107）,左侧大脑前动脉A1段发育不良占16.82%（18/107）,缺如占1.87%（2/107）。②前交通动脉开放占47.66%（51/107）。③单侧或双侧后交通动脉开放共有39例,其中双侧同时开放占21例,仅左侧开放占7例,仅右侧开放占11例。④大脑前动脉A1段发育不良与交通动脉开放相关（r=0.654,P＜0.01）。  结论 大脑前动脉A1段发育不良可引起交通动脉代偿性开放。     

Incidental finding of fenestration of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery with appearances on magnetic resonance angiography

A case of incidentally diagnosed fenestration of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) with an associated aneurysm is presented. We present appearances on magnetic resonance angiography, which have not been previously described. Careful interrogation of the data in volume-rendered and multiplanar reformats was required to make the diagnosis. The relationship between fenestrations and aneurysms in the anterior circulation is discussed both in general terms and with specific regard to the supraclinoid ICA. We also review the embryology of the distal ICA, which may help explain the adult anatomy of this rare lesion as a failure of caudal separation of the rostral and caudal divisions of the primitive distal ICA.     

On the fenestration of the vertebral and basilar arteries]

The fenestration of the vertebral and basilar arteries was investigated macroscopically in 370 human cases. Altogether 43 fenestrations were found in 32 (8.6%) out of 370 cases. The fenestrations could be divided in three groups according to the position where the fenestration appeared. Group I was the fenestration observed along the vertebral artery (Fig. 1), and 7 such fenestrations were found in 6 (1.6%) out of 370 cases; 3 fenestrations among them were located on the right side, 2 were located on the left side and 1 was found on the bilateral vertebral arteries. In 4 out of 7 fenestrations in this group, the hypoglossal nerve was found passing through the fenestration. Group II was the fenestration observed along the basilar artery (Fig. 2), and 26 fenestrations of this type were found in 20 (5.4%) out of 370 cases: 23 fenestrations (88.5%) were located at the caudal half, 3 (11.5%) were located on the rostral half of the basilar artery (Fig. 5). A close relation was indicated between the side on which the fenestration appeared in the basilar artery and the largeness in caliber of the vertebral artery of either side. Group III was the fenestration observed at the lateral area of the vertebral and basilar arteries (Fig. 3), and 10 fenestrations of this type were found in 9 (2.4%) out of 370 cases; all the fenestrations were located on the right side. In this group, the hypoglossal nerve was observed passing through the fenestratin in 4 out of the 10 fenestrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

True fenestration of the anterior communicating artery diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography

Variations of the anterior cerebral artery–anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex are common. Most are duplicated or partially duplicated ACoAs that are confused with fenestration of the ACoA. We report here an extremely rare case of true fenestration of the ACoA diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography. Tiny true fenestrations of the ACoA may be overlooked easily by MR angiography. Partial maximum-intensity-projection image and volume-rendering image are useful in identifying true fenestration of the ACoA.     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂在移植血管桥再狭窄动物血管的差异表达

目的研究组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t—PA／PLAT）在移植血管桥再狭窄动物血管的差异表达。方法通过兔双侧颈动脉进行动脉桥和静脉桥的移植,形成双侧移植血管桥再狭窄动物模型。应用免疫组化检测t-PA在动物模型动脉桥、静脉桥的表达并进行比较。结果血管桥移植前,t-PA在实验动物颈动脉和颈静脉的表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;血管桥移植后,t-PA在动脉桥的表达明显高于静脉桥（P〈0．05）,于16周时达到高峰[（32．34±4．74）％比（16．74±3．14）％],以后随时间延长而出现表达减少（P〈0．05）。结论t-PA在术后早期对血管桥具有保护作用,其表达的高低与术后血管桥再狭窄关系密切。     

家猪壁冠状动脉观测及与犬壁冠状动脉比较

目的为壁冠状动脉比较解剖学积累资料,为选择动物模型提供依据。方法家猪心脏塑化染料灌注,10％甲醛溶液固定,大体解剖显示壁冠状动脉,测量数据,并与既往文献报道的犬的壁冠状动脉分析比较。结果家猪壁冠状动脉出现率为50．0％,前室间支、后室间支壁冠状动脉出现率为15．0％、27．5％。前室间支壁冠状动脉近端径（1．96±0．71）mm,远端径（1．52±0．80）mm,长度（9．19±6．58）mm。总壁冠状动脉长度（9．20±4．99）mm。一支血管上可出现1-2处的壁冠状动脉壁。壁冠状动脉可以扭曲和发出细小的分支血管。结论家猪可以作为动物模型研究壁冠状动脉,但犬比家猪更为适合。     

Intracranial arterial fenestrations: frequency on CT angiography and association with other vascular lesions

Fenestrations (segmental duplications) of the intracranial arteries are rare anomalies, felt to result from incomplete fusion of primitive embryologic vessels. They have been associated with aneurysms and other vascular lesions. The rate of fenestrations based on published angiographic series has been much lower than that at cadaveric series. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of fenestrations and associated vascular lesions at CTA. A total of 504 sequential CTA studies from 2005 to 2006 were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of fenestrations, aneurysms and other vascular lesions. Fenestrations were present in 53 patients (11%). Their frequency was not significantly different in patients referred for aneurysm indications, when compared to those referred for non-aneurysm indications. As expected, there was a much higher frequency of aneurysms in the former group. Associated vascular lesions were relatively uncommon. Aneurysms were present at the fenestration site in three patients, and remote from the fenestration site in eight. One fenestration patient with an associated aneurysm at the fenestration site also had an AVM remote from the fenestration. The frequency of fenestrations in this study was higher than in previously published radiologic studies, suggesting that fenestrations are relatively common, and may be more frequently visualized using cross-sectional imaging. Association with aneurysms and other vascular lesions was relatively uncommon. Our results do not support the theory that fenestrations predispose a patient to aneurysms or vascular malformations remote from the site of the fenestration. Although the association of aneurysms at the site of fenestrations is well documented, our results do not show an overall higher rate of aneurysm formation in patients with fenestrations compared to those without.