Correlation between symptomatic, radiological and etiological diagnosis in acute ischemic stroke

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to correlate with the symptomatic, radiological and etiological diagnosis in acute ischemic stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty patients with first-ever ischemic stroke within 24 h of onset were prospectively studied with 3-step diagnoses: 1) symptomatic diagnosis based on the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project criteria (OCSP), 2) radiological diagnosis (CT or MRI) and 3) etiological diagnosis based on the Lausanne Stroke Registry criteria. RESULTS: Most of the patients with symptoms of total anterior circulation infarcts (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI) and posterior circulation infarcts (POCI) had corresponding lesions on CT or MRI, while only 68% of lacunar infarcts (LACI) patients had small subcortical infarction (SSI). More than 60% of patients with TACI were classified into cardioembolism in the third diagnosis, while the etiology of PACI was either CE or large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in equal numbers. Only 58% of LACI patients were classified into small-artery disease (SAD) and 29% of them (30 cases) into LAA, of which 23 patients had lesions other than SSI. The positive predictive value of SAD in the combination of LACI and SSI was 0.78. The etiology of POCI was variable. CONCLUSION: Except for LACI, the symptomatic classification by OCSP corresponds well to the radiological diagnosis. The etiological diagnosis can be predicted by OCSP in TACI and PACI, but it is hard in POCI, and a number of LACI are due to LAA.     

急性脑梗死症状学、影像学及病因学分类之间的关系研究

目的：探讨急性脑梗死症状学、影像学及病因学分类之间的关系。方法：对125例起病48小时内的急性脑梗死患者进行3步骤分类诊断，第一步为症状学分类：(1)完全前循环梗死(TACI)；(2)部分前循环梗死(PACI)；(3)腔隙性梗死(LACI)；(4)后循环梗死(POCI)。第二步为影像学分类：(1)前循环皮质梗死或纹状体内囊区梗死(C0)；(2)低灌流梗死(LFI)；(3)深穿技区的皮质下小梗死(SSI)；(4)除SSI以外的后循环梗死(PCI)；(5)无异常发现(N0)。第三步为病因学分类：(1)大动脉粥样硬化(LAA)；(2)心源性栓塞(CE)；(3)小动脉病(SAD)；(4)其它病因、病因不明或混合性病因。结果：在症状学分类诊断为TACI、PACI和POCI的患者中，CT或MRI所示病灶与其临床症状的对应性良好，但只有67．3％的LACI影像学分类为SSI。大多数TACI患者是由CE造成的。在PACI患者中，CE和LAA的数量相同。只有57．7％的LACI患者被划分为SAD，而28．8％被划分为LAA。用LACI和SSI来预测SAD的阳性预测率较高(78％)。POCI的病因诊断多种多样。结论：除LACI以外，症状学分类与影像学分类的对应性良好，用症状学分类可预测TACI和PACI患者的病因分类，但难以预测POCI患者的病因分类。不少的LACI是由LAA造成的。     

脑梗死OCSP分型和预后

目的了解脑梗死患者OCSP临床分型的构成及不同亚型与预后及复发的关系。方法采用回顾性队列研究,登记2002年1月~2005年6月第四军医大学西京医院神经内科确诊的617例脑梗死患者,按照OCSP标准分型并进行随访,分析各亚型与预后及复发的关系。结果OCSP各亚型构成比分变为:TACI占7.3%,PACI23.3%,POCI6.0%,LACI63.4%,分型与预后明显相关,TACI的预后最差,POCI和LACI预后相对较好,PACI次之,卒中复发与分型无明显相关。结论OCSP分型作为一种脑梗死临床分型方法,可以为脑梗死的预后判断提供参考依据。     

Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification but not NIHSS predicts symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage following thrombolysis

BackgroundThe Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification is a simple tool to categorize clinical stroke syndromes. We compared the outcomes of stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis stratified by the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or by the OCSP classification.MethodsWe assessed the safety of thrombolysis in consecutive stroke patients who received intravenous thrombolysis within 3 h after onset. The patients were grouped by the NIHSS score into mild to moderate stroke (≤ 20) and severe stroke (> 20), and also by the OCSP classification as having total anterior circulation infarcts (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI), posterior circulation infarcts (POCI), or lacunar infarcts (LACI). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) was used as the primary outcome.ResultsOf the 145 patients included in the study, 45 had a baseline NIHSS score > 20. Their stroke syndromes were as follows: 78 with TACI, 29 with PACI, 16 with POCI, and 22 with LACI. The proportion of SICH was comparable between patients with high or low NIHSS score (11.1% vs. 9.0%, P = 0.690). The chance of SICH was highest in patients with TACI (15.4%), followed by LACI (4.5%), PACI (3.4%), and POCI (0%). After adjustment for age, baseline glucose, and use of antiplatelet agents before admission, SICH was significantly increased in patients with TACI relative to those with non-TACI (odds ratio 5.92; 95% confidence interval 1.24–28.33, P = 0.026).ConclusionsThe OCSP clinical classification may help clinicians evaluate the risk of SICH following intravenous thrombolysis.     

Intracranial large artery disease among OCSP subtypes in ethnic South Asian ischemic stroke patients

The site of vascular stenosis correlates well with the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification among Caucasians, but not among ethnic Chinese patients. We prospectively studied 205 consecutive ethnic South Asian ischemic stroke patients to investigate the prevalence of intracranial large artery disease determined by transcranial color-coded doppler and magnetic resonance angiography among OCSP subtypes. The distribution of OCSP subtypes was 7% total anterior circulation infarction (TACI), 17% partial anterior circulation infarction (PACI), 14% posterior circulation infarction (POCI) and 62% lacunar infarction (LACI). Significant intracranial large artery disease was common among all OCSP subtypes; 79% with TACI, 47% PACI, 65% POCI and 44% LACI. This is similar to ethnic Chinese data and is likely due to the predominance of intracranial disease over extracranial disease. Clinical axioms using OSCP subtypes based on Caucasian data may be misleading if applied to ethnic South Asians.     

Practical significance of ischemic stroke OCSP (Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project) classification

OCSP classification based on neurological signs and syndromes contains four subtypes of ischaemic stroke: lacunar infarct (LACI), total anterior circulation infarcts (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI), posterior circulation infarcts (POCI). Literature reports suggest that this classification may be useful in estimation of after stroke complications and prognostication, and can raise the sensitivity of therapeutic clinical tests. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of risk factors, accompanying complications and prognosis in a material of clinical records of 346 hospitalized patients. Attention is drawn to limited importance of brain CT as shown in frequent discordance between clinical syndromes and CT findings in establishing to which stroke subtype a given patient belongs. The results obtained in the study are highly similar to those reported from other clinical centres. It was found that PACI syndrome was most frequently occurring, and that TACI subtype was associated with the highest frequency of complications and risk factors, and worst prognosis. The prognosis was best in the LACI subtype. The subtype of OCSP classification seems to be determining the possibility of complications and prognosis, and could suggest the most effective medical treatment.     

急性脑梗死不同临床亚型患者血清髓鞘碱性蛋白的变化

目的 观察不同临床类型急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)水平变化,探讨MBP与美国国立卫生研究所卒中量表(NIHSS)评分之间的关系.方法 208例ACI患者按照牛津郡社区卒中计划(OCSP)分型标准分为4组并行NIHSS评分,采用ELISA法检测血清MBP的含量;观察不同亚型ACI患者MBP含量的变化,分析MBP与NIHSS评分的相关性.结果 (1)本组OCSP各亚型构成比:完全前循环型(TACI) 13.46％、部分前循环型(PACI)30.29％、后循环型(POCI) 19.71％、腔隙性梗死型(LACI)36.54％;(2)OCSP分型中TACI、PACI及POCI亚型MBP含量升高,LACI变化不明显.与LACI比较,TACI、PACI及POCI有显著性差异(P＜0.05);(3)TACI、PACI中血清MBP含量与相应时间段NIHSS评分具有有相关性,相关系数为0.62、0.60 (P＜0.05);POCI和LACI中MBP与NIHSS之间相关性较差.结论 MBP随OCSP亚型的不同而变化.TACI、PACI、POCI亚型的缺血性卒中患者血清MBP可以作为病情、预后判断的一个参考依据.     

不同脑梗死亚型患者血清Fractalkine浓度的差异

目的：探讨不同牛津郡社区卒中项目（OCSP）亚型急性脑梗死患者血清Fractalkine（FKN）浓度的变化。方法：45例急性脑梗死患者按OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死（TACI）组、部分前循环梗死（PACI）组、后循环梗死（POCI）组和腔隙性梗死（LACI）组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测发病1～3d、7d、14d和28d时血清FKN浓度，比较各组间的差异。分析FKN浓度与相应时间点美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分和3个月时Barthel指数（BI）的相关性。结果：各种亚型急性脑梗死患者血清FKN浓度均升高，TACI组最为显著；在不同时间点，血清FKN浓度变化大致为TACI〉PACI〉LACI〉POCI，与相应时间点NIHSS评分呈正相关，与3个月时BI呈负相关。结论：血清FKN浓度的变化可能提示急性脑梗死各OCSP亚型患者炎症损伤的差异，并影响神经功能缺损程度和患者3个月时的转归。     

OCSP分型对超早期动脉溶栓治疗的价值

目的　探讨OCSP(Oxfordshirecommunitystrokeproject)分型应用于超早期动脉溶栓治疗的价值。方法　将我院 2 7例超早期动脉溶栓患者进行OCSP分型并与血管造影 (DSA)、NIHSS评分进行比较分析。结果　以DSA为金标准 ,OCSP分型各组患者诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为完全前循环梗塞 (TACI) (87 5 % ,95 % ) ,部分前循环梗塞(PACI) (72 7% ,88 9% ) ;腔隙性梗塞 (LACI) (6 6 7% ,92 3% ) ;后循环梗塞 (POCI) (10 0 % ,10 0 % )。患者入院NIHSS评分与分型显著相关 (P =0 0 2 1)。结论　对超早期动脉溶栓患者进行OCSP分型是可行的 ,与DSA、NIHSS的一致性较好 ;但这需要由更大样本的研究来验证。     

Stroke severity, early recovery and outcome are each related with clinical classification of stroke: data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial' (TAIST)

INTRODUCTION: Baseline severity and clinical stroke syndrome (Oxford Community Stroke Project, OCSP) classification are predictors of outcome in stroke. We used data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial' (TAIST) to assess the relationship between stroke severity, early recovery, outcome and OCSP syndrome. METHODS: TAIST was a randomised controlled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of tinzaparin versus aspirin in 1484 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Severity was measured as the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale (SNSS) at baseline and days 4, 7 and 10, and baseline OCSP clinical classification recorded: total anterior circulation infarct (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI), lacunar infarct (LACI) and posterior circulation infarction (POCI). Recovery was calculated as change in SNSS from baseline at day 4 and 10. The relationship between stroke syndrome and SNSS at days 4 and 10, and outcome (modified Rankin Scale at 90 days) were assessed. RESULTS: Stroke severity was significantly different between TACI (most severe) and LACI (mildest) at all four time points (p<0.001), with no difference between PACI and POCI. The largest change in SNSS score occurred between baseline and day 4; improvement was least in TACI (median 2 units), compared to other groups (median 3 units) (p<0.001). If SNSS did not improve by day 4, then early recovery and late functional outcome tended to be limited irrespective of clinical syndrome (SNSS, baseline: 31, day 10: 32; mRS, day 90: 4); patients who recovered early tended to continue to improve and had better functional outcome irrespective of syndrome (SNSS, baseline: 35, day 10: 50; mRS, day 90: 2). CONCLUSIONS: Although functional outcome is related to baseline clinical syndrome (best with LACI, worst with TACI), patients who improve early have a more favourable functional outcome, irrespective of their OCSP syndrome. Hence, patients with a TACI syndrome may still achieve a reasonable outcome if early recovery occurs.     

Relationship between the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification and vascular abnormalities in patients with predominantly intracranial atherosclerosis

BACKGROUND: The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification is a stroke classification based on clinical features collected at bedside. Previous studies reported good correlation between vascular abnormalities and OCSP mainly in populations not at risk of intracranial atherosclerosis. There have been limited data on the relationship between intracranial atherosclerosis and the OCSP classification. METHODS: Consecutive Chinese patients admitted to a regional hospital with acute ischemic stroke were studied in Hong Kong. Stroke subtype was classified as total or partial anterior circulation infarct (TACI or PACI), posterior circulation infarct (POCI), or lacunar infarct (LACI), according to the OCSP method. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was performed whenever possible to evaluate the intracranial arteries as well as the carotid arteries. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of stroke on admission. RESULTS: Six hundred and ninety-nine consecutive patients were studied. On admission, 24 patients were classified as TACI (3.4%), 96 PACI (13.7%), 111 POCI (15.9%), and 468 LACI (67.0%). Of the 345 patients who had TCD evidence of intracranial or carotid artery abnormalities, 75% had intracranial involvement only, 5% extracranial involvement only and 20% had both intracranial and extracranial involvement. The frequencies of arterial abnormalities were found in 58% of TACIs, 48% of PACIs, 48% of POCIs and 50% of LACIs. There was no evidence that the frequencies of arterial abnormalities were different between the OCSP groups (P=0.8). Middle cerebral artery velocity was abnormal in 9 TACIs (38%), 32 PACIs (33%), 35 POCIs (32%) and 177 LACIs (38%) (P=0.6). Vertebrobasilar velocities were abnormal in 4 TACIs (17%), 20 PACIs (21%), 29 (26%) and 87 LACIs (19%) (P=0.3). The OCSP subtypes were associated with POCIs the severity of stroke. NIHSS score of > or =9 was found in 83% of TACIs, 18% of PACIs, 9% of POCIs, and 12% of LACIs (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: OCSP classification is not significantly related to the presence of vascular abnormalities among patients with predominantly intracranial atherosclerosis.     

急性脑梗死OCSP分型与吞咽困难的相关性分析

目的研究急性脑梗死OCSP分型与吞咽困难发生的关系。方法收集急性脑梗死患者199例,按牛津郡社区卒中项目（OCSP）分型划分为4型,于入院24h之内行标准床旁吞咽功能评估（SSA）,判断有无吞咽困难,比较其吞咽困难发生率的差异。结果199例患者中吞咽困难者占45．73％（91／199）,TACI（完全前循环梗死）中为76％（19／25）;PACI（部分前循环梗死）中为42．25％（50／113）;POCI（后循环梗死）中为35％（14／40）;LACI（腔隙性梗死）中为38．10％（8／21）。各型患者的吞咽困难发生率的差异存在统计学意义（χ^2=11．679,P〈0．05）,两两比较只有TAcI和其他3型之间差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论吞咽困难是脑梗死后的常见症状,OCSP各型吞咽困难发生率的不同与缺血损伤不同区域的吞咽中枢以及缺血的范围和程度有关。     

Risk factors and outcome of subtypes of ischemic stroke. Data from a multicenter multinational hospital-based registry. The European Community Stroke Project

BACKGROUND: Information on determinants and prognosis of ischemic stroke subtypes is scarce. We aimed at evaluating risk factors, pathogenesis, treatment and outcome of different ischemic stroke subtypes. METHODS: In a European Concerted Action involving seven countries, ischemic stroke subtypes defined according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) were evaluated for demographics, baseline risk factors, resource use, 3-month survival, disability (Barthel Index) and handicap (Rankin Scale). RESULTS: During the 12-month study period, cerebral infarction was diagnosed in 2740 patients with first-in-a-lifetime stroke (mean age 70.5+/-12.4 years, 53.4% males). OCSP classification was achieved in 2472 (90.2%). Of these, 26.7% were total anterior circulation infarctions (TACI), 29.9% partial anterior circulation infarctions (PACI), 16.7% posterior circulation infarctions (POCI) and 26.7% lacunar infarctions (LACI). In multivariate analysis, atrial fibrillation was predictive of TACI (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.28-2.03), hypertension (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.65) and myocardial infarction (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08-1.86) predictive of PACI, hypertension (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50) predictive of LACI. A negative association was observed between TACI and hypertension (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.42-0.61). Discharge home was 50% less probable in TACI and PACI than in LACI patients. As compared to LACI, TACI significantly increased the risk of 3-month death (OR, 5.73; 95% CI, 3.91-8.41), disability (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.30-4.66) and handicap (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.91-3.85). CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic stroke subtypes have different risk factors profile, with consequences on pathogenesis and prognosis. Information on determinants of the clinical syndromes may impact on prevention and acute-phase interventions.     

急性缺血性脑卒中的OCSP分型与Essen卒中风险评分

目的Essen卒中风险评估（ESRS）体系可准确评估非心源性缺血性脑卒中（IS）复发的风险。本研究立意于探索急性缺血性脑卒中的OCSP分型与ESRS之间的关系。方法①对连续纳入的非心源性Is患者行ESRS评估,将其分为低风险组（ESRS〈3分）和高风险组（ESRS≥3分）;②OCSP分型：完全前循环卒中（TACI）,部分前循环卒中（PACI）,腔隙性卒中（LACI）和后循环卒中（POCI）。比较不同ESRS分值组之间OCSP分型的构成。结果纳入的516例非心源性IS患者中低风险组93例（29．4％）,高风险组223例（70．6％）,动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者（AT）161例（50．9％）。PACI者143例（45．3％）,LACI者99例（31．3％）,POCI者43例（13．6％）,TACI者31例（9．8％）。所有患者中,不同OCSP分型在不同ESRS分值组的构成分布在统计学上没有显著性差异（P=0．111）;不同OCSP分型在高低风险组间的构成分布在统计学上无显著性差异（P=0．397）。AT患者中,不同ESRS分值组的OCSP分型的分布也没有明显的统计学差异（P=0．817）;高、低风险组中的OCSP分型的分布无显著的差异（P=0．885）。结论本研究提示：①非心源性急性缺血性脑卒中的再发风险的大小与其发生的部位可能无关联;②AT的卒中发生部位与再发风险尚无明确的关联性,风险愈高,并不意味着某部位卒中病灶出现的概率就愈高。     

血清缺血修饰清蛋白与急性脑梗死的相关性研究

目的探讨血清缺血修饰清蛋白与急性缺血性脑卒中各亚型及患者早期预后的相关性。方法选取我院2013-04-2016-03收治的符合研究标准的104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究组,另选取同期门诊体检健康者54例为对照组。根据英国牛津郡社区脑卒中分型(OCSP)标准将104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为腔隙性梗死(LACI)组(n=25)、后循环梗死(POCI)组(n=25)、部分前循环梗死(PACI)组(n=28)、完全前循环梗死(TACI)组(n=26)。抽取各组血清进行检测,对比不同亚型急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平,并与对照组比较,统计不同亚型急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗前后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及日常生活活动能力评分(Barthel指数)变化情况。结果 LACI组、POCI组、PACI组、TACI组血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TACI组血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平明显高于LACI组、POCI组、PACI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前各组NIHSS评分及Barthel指数对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后各组均较治疗前改善,且TACI组与其余3组对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清缺血修饰清蛋白作为急性缺血性脑卒中分型参考指标,其表达水平与患者预后具有密切相关性,血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平越高,预后效果越差。     

急性脑梗死患者临床分型及梗死面积与心电图改变的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者临床分型和梗死面积与心电图(ECG)改变的关系.方法 给216例急性脑梗死患者进行ECG检查,按牛津郡社区卒中项目(OCSP)分型和梗死面积分型,对各组患者的ECG检查结果进行分析比较.结果 OCSP分型完全前循环梗死(TACI)组、部分前循环梗死(PACI)组、后循环梗死(POCI)组和腔隙性梗死(LACI)组患者的ECG异常率分别是: 95. 5%、80.4%、62.5%和48.5%,TACI组和PACI组明显高于LACI组(P＜0.05～0.01);大中面积梗死组(83.7%)的ECG异常率明显高于小面积梗死组(60.4%)和腔隙性梗死组(53.2%)(P＜0.05～0.01);小面积梗死组的ECG异常率高于腔隙性梗死组(P＜0.05).OCSP和梗死面积分型各亚型组出现ST-T改变和心律失常的比率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 急性脑梗死临床分型病情重和梗死面积大的患者ECG异常率高.     

急性脑梗死早期OCSP分型研究☆

目的验证OCSP(OxfordshireCommunityStrokeProject)分型法在急性脑梗死临床中的使用价值.方法回顾分析我院近2年202例急性脑梗塞早期OCSP分型情况及影像学特征.结果OCSP分型与影像学结果有良好对应关系;我院急性脑梗死的亚型构成脑隙性脑梗塞占65.3%,部分前循环梗塞19.3%,完全前循环梗塞9.9%,后循环梗塞5.4%.结论OCSP法可用于急性脑梗死的早期分型、指导治疗、评估预后;我国急性脑梗死的亚型构成中轻型病例多,重型少.     

Relationship between pattern of intracranial artery abnormalities on transcranial doppler and Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project clinical classification of ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) devised a simple classification for acute stroke based on clinical features only, which is of value in predicting prognosis. We investigated whether the pattern of intracranial vascular abnormalities is related to the clinical syndrome. METHODS: Patients with acute ischemic stroke were classified by a stroke physician as having total or partial anterior circulation infarct (TACI or PACI, respectively), lacunar infarct (LACI), or posterior circulation infarct (POCI). Color-coded power transcranial Doppler was done whenever possible. Intracranial arterial velocities were compared in the 4 subtypes of ischemic stroke after adjustment for age and time to transcranial Doppler. RESULTS: Middle cerebral artery velocity was abnormal (hyperemia, reduced velocity, occlusion, or focal stenosis) in 38 of 69 TACIs (55%), 50 of 171 PACIs (29%), and 20 of 236 LACIs or POCIs (8%) (P<0.001). Velocity in the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery was reversed in 12 of 69 TACIs (17%), 20 of 171 PACIs (12%), and 8 of 236 LACIs or POCIs (3%) (P<0.001). Basilar artery velocity was abnormal in 8 of 121 POCIs (7%) compared with 5 of 355 (1%) of the other subtypes (P=0.005). Vertebral artery velocity was abnormal (reduced velocity, occlusion, stenosis) in 20 of 121 POCIs (17%) compared with 20 of 355 others (6%) (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial arterial abnormalities were related to OCSP clinical subtype. Therefore, it is possible to stratify patients according to OCSP classification in trials of new treatments in which treatment effectiveness may depend on the underlying pattern of arterial pathology and before any arterial imaging is available.     

Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in 18 neurology departments from two Italian Regions: the SINPAC database

Abstract This observational prospective multicentre study aims to describe a hospital-based database collecting information about clinical features, management and follow-up of stroke patients. In 18 neurological departments (mostly first-referral) in Piedmont and the Aosta Valley, Italy, between May and July 1999, 604 consecutive patients (97 TIA, 443 ischaemic, and 64 haemorrhagic stroke) were studied. Ischaemic stroke aetiologies were as follows: largeartery atherosclerosis (148), small-artery occlusion (133), cardioembolism (76), other causes (13) and undetermined (73). According to Bamford’s classification, 164 were PACI, 126 LACI, 87 TACI and 66 POCI. The diagnostic workup and management of patients is described; only 4% of patients did not receive a CT scan. Four hundred and three patients were discharged to their home, 78 to a rehabilitation unit, 44 to long-term institutional care, 20 to other wards and 59 died while in hospital. After six months, 10 patients were lost to follow-up, 499 were alive and 95 had died. The SINPAC database allows for evaluation of current practice of care in a first-referral stroke population.     

糖尿病伴发脑梗死患者急性期认知损害及其相关因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病伴发脑梗死患者急性期认知损害及其影响因素。方法选择发病时间≤7d且诊断明确的急性期单纯脑梗死和糖尿病伴发脑梗死患者,酶放大化学发光法检测血浆同型半胱氨酸水平,简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)评价认知损害程度。结果糖尿病伴发脑梗死组患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平[(17.06±4.41)μmol/L]高于、MMSE评分(25.36±3.11)低于单纯脑梗死组[(15.49±4.11)μmo/L和(26.48±2.26)],且组间差异有统计学意义(t=2.185,P=0.031;t=-2.502,P=0.013);以完全/部分前循环梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平最高、MMSE评分最低,其次为后循环梗死和腔隙性梗死。糖尿病伴发脑梗死组患者MMSE评分分别与年龄、糖尿病病程、血压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、同型半胱氨酸和脑卒中亚型呈负相关(均P=0.000);与吸烟、心血管病病史、受教育程度和高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论糖尿病伴发脑梗死患者认知损害可能与高同型半胱氨酸血症导致的神经毒性、脑卒中类型、脑血管病相关危险因素,以及糖尿病病程和血糖控制状态具有密切关系。