某校高中生人格特质影响心理健康的路径分析

目的探讨人格特质与心理健康之间的关系及其相互作用。方法对541名高中生的心理健康状况及人格特质进行调查，采用相关分析及路经分析的方法，研究心理健康与人格特质的作用方式和途径。结果神经质与中学生心理健康量表（MHT）总分成正相关；精神质与MHT总分成正相关；内外向性与MHT总分呈负相关；神经质、精神质及内外向性影响心理健康的路径系数分别为0．486、0．126和-0．097；精神质和内外向都通过神经质影响心理健康的路径系数分别为0．242和-0．151。结论神经质、精神质及内外向对中学生的心理健康均有直接的影响，且精神质和内外向通过神经质对中学生的心理健康有间接的影响。     

天津地区护士职业倦怠状况及其影响因素

目的探讨分析天津地区护士职业倦怠状况及其影响因素。方法采用护士职业倦怠问卷(Maslach Burnout Inven-tory,MBI)、护士工作压力源量表对350名在职护士进行问卷调查。结果①病房护士的职业倦怠程度高于门诊;工作职称越高,职业倦怠程度越低;个人月收入越低,职业倦怠程度越高。②相关性分析结果表明,情绪耗竭、去人格化维度与护士工作压力源5个方面存在正相关,低个人成就感与护士工作压力源5个方面呈负相关。③回归分析结果提示,护士总体工作压力对情绪耗竭、去人格化和低个人成就感3个维度均具有预测作用;个人月收入和职称对情绪耗竭和低个人成就感2个维度均具有预测作用;工作类型对情绪耗竭、来自专业及工作的压力对去人格化均具有预测作用。结论不同的工作压力源和个人背景对护士职业倦怠的3个维度具有不同的预测作用。     

高校教师工作倦怠与人格特征相关研究

目的了解高校教师工作倦怠的发生状况,探讨其与人格特征的相关性,为高校教师工作倦怠干预提供科学依据。方法采用工作倦怠问卷(MBI-GS)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对220名高校教师进行测试。结果高校教师工作倦怠检出率为60.91%,其中情绪耗竭发生率为40.45%,个人成就感降低为26.36%,去人格化为18.18%;高校教师的工作倦怠与其人格有关(P<0.05),其中内外向与情绪耗竭、去人格化之间呈负相关,神经质和精神质与工作倦怠的情绪衰竭、去人格化维度呈正相关。结论高校教师普遍存在工作倦怠问题,其人格特征对工作倦怠有显著影响,对此问题应给予重视,并应实施必要的干预。     

新能源企业员工人格特质与职业倦怠的关系分析

目的 探究大五人格特质与新能源企业员工职业倦怠的关系。方法 于2021年10月，采用随机取样的方式，使用本土化职业倦怠量表和大五人格量表对119名新能源企业员工进行调查，并对数据进行分析。结果 新能源企业员工存在重度职业倦怠问题占比0.84%、存在中度职业倦怠问题占比28.57%、存在轻度职业倦怠问题占比52.10%。男性在去个体化维度的平均得分[（1.70±1.25）分]高于女性[（1.17±0.81）分]，差异有统计学意义（t=2.771,P<0.05）。年龄与去个体化维度呈负相关（r=-0.156,P<0.05），与成就感低落呈正相关（r=0.172,P<0.05）；月收入水平、受教育程度均与去个体化程度呈正相关（r=0.156、0.246，均P<0.05）。神经质可以正向预测情绪衰竭（β=0.198,P<0.05）和去个体化程度（β=0.251,P<0.05），外倾性可以负向预测成就感低落维度得分（β=-0.311,P<0.05），尽责性可以负向预测去个体化程度（β=-0.258,P<0.05）。结论 新能源企业员工职业倦怠问题较...     

体育教练员的职业压力和职业倦怠及其关系

目的揭示职业压力与职业倦怠的关系,为减轻体育教练员心理负担提供依据。方法选取陕西省35所运动学校和运动队的302名教练员,采用《体育教练员职业压力问卷》和《职业倦怠问卷》进行问卷调查,并作相关和回归分析。结果体育教练员职业压力和职业倦怠均超过中等水平,并有向严重发展的趋势;成就感低落与压力各维度呈正相关(P0.05);玩世不恭与职业发展、人际关系呈负相关(P0.05);情绪衰竭与运动员因素、工作-家庭关系呈正相关(P0.05)。运动员因素和工作-家庭关系对情绪衰竭有正向预测作用(P0.05);职业发展和人际关系对玩世不恭有负向预测作用(P0.05);而职业压力各维度对成就感低落均有正向预测作用(P0.05)。结论体育教练员的职业压力和倦怠密切,减轻职业压力可以有效改善职业倦怠。     

助产士职业压力与职业倦怠的相关性研究

目的了解助产士职业压力和职业倦怠现状及两者的相关性。方法运用方便抽样法,2017年2月-2018年2月抽取山东省5所三级医院的130名助产士进行问卷调查。采用助产士一般情况调查表,护士职业压力源量表、职业倦怠量表进行调查。结果助产士职业倦怠程度为中等水平,去人格化属于中度倦怠,情绪耗竭、低成就感达到了高度倦怠;工作量及时间分配为主要压力源;助产士职业倦怠各维度及总分与职业压力各维度间存在不同程度的相关(P0. 05)。情绪耗竭与职业压力各维度均呈显著正相关;去人格化与职业压力各维度均呈显著正相关;低成就感与职业压力各维度(患者护理问题除外)呈显著正相关(P0. 05)。结论助产士职业压力较大,容易产生职业倦怠,对工作及身心健康均有严重影响,应引起重视,并采取有效措施进行干预缓解,保证助产队伍建设。     

四川省1067名三级甲等医院护士长人格特质与职业倦怠的相关分析

目的 了解四川省三级甲等医院护士长职业倦怠的现状,分析护士长人格特质与职业倦怠的相关性,为护士长培训及选拔提供依据。方法 于2021年4—9月按比例抽取四川省66家三级甲等医院1 067名护士长作为调查对象,使用一般情况调查表、Maslach职业倦怠量表、大五人格问卷简式版进行资料收集,并对数据进行分析。结果 四川省66家三级甲等医院1 067名护士长职业倦怠总分为（31.78±18.22）分,各维度得分由高到低为情绪耗竭（17.01±10.29）分,低个人成就感（10.60±8.18）分,去人格化（4.17±2.97）分。人格特质中神经质人格与情绪耗竭、低个人成就感、去人格化呈正相关（r=0.339～0.605,均P<0.01）,宜人性、严谨性、开放性、外向性人格与情绪耗竭、低个人成就感、去人格化呈负相关（r=-0.106～-0.525,均P<0.01）。工作年限、神经质、严谨性、宜人性、外向性、开放性人格是护士长职业倦怠的重要影响因素。结论 四川省66家三级甲等医院1 067名护士长处于轻度职业倦怠,具有积极人格特质的护士长职业倦怠发生的几率小,具有神经质人格的护士长在...     

中医医生职业承诺对工作倦怠的影响

目的 探讨中医医生工作倦怠现状及职业承诺对工作倦怠的影响.方法 采用中医医生职业承诺问卷和Maslach的工作倦怠量表一服务版(MBI-HSS)对507名中医医生进行测试.结果 年龄<30岁的中医医生成就感评分最低(2.352±0,660),与30～、40～岁组(分别为2.136±0.704、2.127±0.628)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高学历中医医生的情绪衰竭、缺乏人情味评分高于低学历者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).职业承诺对工作倦怠有明显的负向影响(P<0.01).职业承诺不同维度对工作倦怠各维度的影响作用不同,职业风险承诺是情绪衰竭的主要预测因素;专业效能承诺是缺乏人情味的主要预测因素;情感认同承诺是个人成就感的主要预测因素.结论 职业承诺是工作倦怠的一个有效的预测变量,提岛职业承诺水平是预防中医医生工作倦怠的一项重要措施.     

艾滋病医护人员工作压力源、应对方式与工作倦怠的关系

目的 了解艾滋病医护人员工作倦怠与工作压力源和应对方式的关系.方法 采用中式工作倦怠量表(CMBI),简易应对方武问卷(SCSQ)以及自编工作压力源问卷对342名艾滋病医护人员进行调查.结果 ①工作倦怠3个维度与工作压力源和应对方式的多个因素有显著相关关系(P＜ 0.05和0.01).②管理问题和职业风险的压力对情感耗竭以及职业风险对人格解体的预测作用均极其显著(P＜0.01);消极应对对于情感耗竭和人格解体具有显著正向预测作用(P＜ 0.01和0.05),而积极应对对成就感降低具有显著反向预测作用(P＜0.01).③Amos路径分析表明,职业风险的压力和消极应对方式直接影响情感耗竭和人格解体,人际排斥的压力直接影响成就感降低,而积极应对反向作用于成就感降低;消极应对在压力源和工作倦怠中起着部分的中介作用.结论 应当重视艾滋病医护人员的工作压力问题,指导他们使用积极的应对方式,以降低其工作倦怠水平,提高工作生活质量.     

医护人员心理资本、应对方式与工作倦怠关系

目的探讨医护人员心理资本、应对方式与工作倦怠的关系。方法采用心理资本量表、简易应对方式量表和Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版对河北省某省级三甲医院101名医护人员进行调查。结果(1)医生自我效能得分高于护士,成就感低落得分低于护士(P<0.05)。(2)心理资本与工作倦怠(乐观与成就感低落相关除外)呈显著负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),消极应对与成就感低落呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。(3)希望对情绪衰竭和玩世不恭有明显负向预测(P<0.01,P<0.001),自我效能(P<0.001)和消极应对(P<0.05)对成就感低落分别有负向和或正向预测作用。结论提升心理资本水平,调整消极应对方式能有效预防和矫治医护人员工作倦怠;医院管理层应关注护士群体的心理状态。     

Quality control of birth defect registry data: a case study.

The California Birth Defects Monitoring Program maintains a population-based registry of children born with congenital malformations. Trained data collectors routinely visit hospitals and genetics centers to identify cases and abstract information. These data are provided to the public health, medical, and lay communities and are used for conducting prevalence and case-control studies. A stratified sample of each data collector''s work for one data year was reevaluated to assess the quality of case ascertainment and record abstraction. The sample included data from 109 facilities (37 percent) and 729 abstracts (5 percent). There are three steps in data collection: case-finding, the process of identifying potential cases; culling, the process of reviewing the charts of potential cases to determine which are reportable; and abstracting, the process of recording information from the charts of reportable cases. The probability that a potential case is missed during casefinding is 7 percent for small facilities, 4 percent for medium facilities, and 1 percent for large facilities. The probability that a reportable case is mistakenly classified as not reportable during culling is 3 percent for small and medium facilities and 1 percent for large facilities. The probabilities of incorrectly abstracting selected diagnoses and demographic items are slightly higher (8 percent for small and medium facilities and 6 percent for large facilities) because these are more complex processes than are casefinding and culling. Finally, the overall probability of missing a case from the registry is 3 percent. Therefore, these data indicate that the information collected by this registry are both reliable and complete.     

妊娠合并梅毒的流行特征及预后分析

目的 :通过梅毒筛查 ,分析妊娠合并梅毒的流行特征及临床特点 ,探索降低对孕妇和围产儿危害的有效方法。方法 :采用血浆反应试验 (RPR)和梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验 (TPHA)筛查 ,对妊娠合并梅毒进行回顾性分析。结果 :妊娠合并梅毒 5 4例 ,占住院分娩病例总数的 6 .2‰ ,潜伏期梅毒 5 1例 ,占 94 .4 %。在孕 2 0周内确诊 33例 ,占 6 1.1%。未治疗组中流产 8.0 % ,死胎 2 0 .0 % ,畸胎 8.0 % ,与治疗组比较差异有显著性。结论 :妊娠合并梅毒以潜伏梅毒为主 ,早期、规则、全程治疗是降低围产儿死亡及防止感染先天性梅毒的前提     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染的临床和耐药性

目的通过对重症监护病房(ICU)耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌( MRSA)感染的分析,探讨正确治疗和防治措施,以预防医院MRSA的发生和流行. 方法对我院ICU 2002年7月1日～2003年1月30日近7个月的追踪观察,对100例MRSA引起的医院感染进行回顾性临床和耐药性分析.结果我院ICU病房7个月内共发生金黄色葡萄球菌感染 104例,其中MRSA感染 100例,占金黄色葡萄球菌感染的95.5%,均全部使用过广谱抗生素,使用≥2种抗生素占43%(OR值1.46,95%CI 1.44 ～3.07),接受＞3种侵入性操作占58%(OR值4.70,95%CI 2.17 ～ 10.19);＞3种基础疾病占51%(OR值2.78,95%CI 1.30～ 5.92). 结论重症监护病房中MRSA的感染率极高,必须引起重视,控制MRSA的感染应积极进行病原学监测、及时发现病例、隔离和治疗患者、合理使用广谱抗生素、严格消毒隔离措施、认真洗手等.     

农民收入水平及其卫生服务利用研究

为研究农民卫生服务公平性 ,按照收入水平由低到高分为 5组 ,比较 5个收入组农民卫生服务利用、就诊流向和医疗预防保健费用支出等指标。结果表明 ,各组农民住院率、未住院率和未就诊率没有显著性差异 ,低收入组两周就率高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;就诊流向上 ,89.1%的门诊病人主要集中在村卫生室和乡卫生院 ,5 2 %的住院病人集中在县乡级医院。低收入者乡卫生院门诊就诊比例较高 ,县乡级医院住院利用较高 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;各组年人均医疗预防保健支出没有显著差异 ,但最低收入组年人均医疗费用占收入的 19.6 % ,面临较重的疾病经济负担     

Contraceptive choices for chronically ill adolescents

Ten percent of teenagers have chronic medical illness and need effective contraception for pregnancy prevention. There are available safe and effective methods; however, the selection of a contraceptive may be challenging because of the complexity of the underlying medical illness. This article offers options for contraception for girls with various chronic medical conditions. Considerations of some of the newer contraception methods are discussed as future options for these girls.     

山东省农村医疗制度调查研究

目的:了解山东省近年来医疗制度的状况及其存在的问题,为今后进一步发展和完善山东省农村医疗制度提供参考。方法:结合山东省农村经济发展的实际,分上、中、下3个层次,抽样调查了7个县22个乡镇的农村医疗状况,并对所调查数据进行统计分析。结果:约50.00%的乡镇实行或部分实行合作医疗,约40.00%的乡镇实行自费医疗;实行合作医疗的地区,农民有病一般能做到及时就诊,未就诊率在4.00%以下,农民因病致贫率在1.00%以下;实行自费医疗的地区,农民有病未就诊率大多在10.00%以上,有的乡镇高达50.00%,农民因病致贫率一般在1.00%以上。结论:合作医疗制度是解决农民医疗保障问题的有效途径和办法。     

A spatial analysis of county-level variation in hospitalization rates for low back problems in North Carolina

Hospitalization rates for low back problems vary widely. In previous non-spatial analyses, population-level socioeconomic and health resource characteristics have explained little of the variation in rates. This study examines geographic variation in hospitalization rates for low back problems while controlling for spatial dependence in the data. County-level surgical and medical hospitalization rates were calculated using North Carolina hospital (USA) discharge data from 1990-92. Non-spatial and spatial regression models were estimated using socioeconomic and health resource predictors. Both surgical and medical rates varied significantly among the 100 counties. Non-spatial models explained 62% of variation in log-transformed surgical rates and 66% of variation in log-transformed medical rates; however, residuals showed significant spatial dependence. Spatial lag models were therefore applied. Using simple contiguity spatial weights, surgery rates increased with higher percent urban population, primary care physician density, and discharge rate for other causes, and decreased with higher percent college graduates, percent disabled, occupied hospital bed density, and unoccupied hospital bed density. There was a nonlinear relationship between surgery rates and percent employed in heavy lifting/transportation industries. Medical rates increased with higher other-cause discharge rate and with MRI/CT scanner availability, and decreased with higher percent urban population, percent nonwhite population, percent in heavy lifting/transportation industries, and unoccupied hospital bed density. The results show that population-level socioeconomic and health resource characteristics are important determinants of variation in low back hospitalization rates. Independent of these variables, a separate spatial process produces geographic clustering of high-rate counties. Spatial effects are important and should be considered in small area analyses.     

Emergency department chart auditing in a family practice residency program

A prospective audit of process on 1,200 consecutive patients seen in the emergency department by family practice residents was performed at the Family Practice Residency Program in Gainesville, Florida. The overall quality of care delivered conformed to the standards of "good medical care" as judged by the author in 85.6 percent of cases. Resident errors were detected in the remaining 14.4 percent of cases, and occurred most frequently among physicians in the earlier years of training (P less than .005). Ultimate patient management was changed by the audit in only 1 percent of cases but potentially had an important impact on the care of these patients. Errors of inadequate documentation were common among residents irrespective of their level of training. An ongoing audit of emergency department charts with regular feedback on medical process and recording appears to be useful both as an educational tool and as a method of improving emergency care.     

Surveillance for fetal alcohol syndrome in Colorado.

The authors performed surveillance for fetal alcohol syndrome with an existing birth defects registry. Fetal alcohol syndrome cases were identified from multiple sources using passive surveillance and from two selected medical sites using enhanced surveillance. Between May 1992 and March 1994, a total of 173 cases were identified, and the medical records of the cases were reviewed to determine whether the cases met a surveillance case definition for fetal alcohol syndrome. Of these cases, 37 (21 percent) met either definite (28) or probable (9) criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome, 76 met possible criteria (44 percent), and 60 (35 percent) were defined as not fetal alcohol syndrome. Enhanced surveillance had the highest sensitivity for definite or probable cases, 31 of 37 (84 percent), followed by hospital discharge data, 14 of 37 (38 percent). The authors also compared birth certificate information for 22 definite or probable cases in children born between 1989 and 1992 to birth certificate information for all Colorado births for that period. The proportion of mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome was statistically significantly greater (as determined by exact binomial 95 percent confidence limits) than the proportion of all mothers for the following characteristics: black race (0.23 versus 0.05), unmarried (0.55 versus 0.22), not employed during pregnancy (0.86 versus 0.43), and started prenatal care in the third trimester (0.18 versus 0.04). Surveillance for fetal alcohol syndrome can be accomplished with an existing registry system in combination with additional case finding and verification activities. Through followup investigation of reported cases, data can be gathered on the mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome. These data could be used to target fetal alcohol syndrome prevention programs.     

孕产妇性传播疾病的流行病学分析

目的了解和掌握孕产妇性传播疾病（STD）的感染情况及流行病学的特点。方法收集我区2006--2008年各医疗单位进行产前保健孕妇资料．进行流行病学分析。结果共收集有效孕妇资料46852例,其中孕妇梅毒215例,占0．46％,淋病193例．占0．41％,尖锐湿疣128例,占0．27％,生殖器疱疹398例,占0．85％,非淋菌性宫颈炎192例,占0．41％,艾滋病7例．占0．01％,患2种或2种以上性病的117例,共发现各类性病1016例,患病率为2．17％。结论性传播疾病已经由高危人群向普通人群扩散,并已在孕产妇人群中传播,因此,加大孕产妇性传播疾病的宣传普查及干预工作是十分必要的。