膀胱移行细胞癌的CT分期与Ki-67和MVD表达的相关性探讨

目的:探讨膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)的CT分期与Ki-67和微血管密度(MVD)表达的关系.方法:对56例经手术病理证实的BTCC,采用LDP免疫组化法,检测肿瘤标本中Ki-67和MVD表达,并分析其与术前CT分期的关系.结果:①Ki-67 LI与MVD计数呈显著的正相关关系(r＝0.583,P=0.000);②不同病理分级间Ki-67LI、MVD计数均有显著性差异(F值分别为18.599、21.951,P均＜0.05);③不同CT分期间Ki-67LI、MVD表达总的来说有差别(F＝7.912、6.744,P＜0.05),经两两比较除Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期无差别(F＝-5.23、0.23,P＝0.537、0.955)外,Ⅰ期与Ⅲ期、Ⅰ期与Ⅳ期、Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期、Ⅱ期与Ⅳ、Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期比较均有显著性差异(P均＜0.05).结论:BTCC的CT分期、病理分级与Ki-67和MVD的表达具有相关性,能较为客观、准确的反映BTCC的恶性程度,对选择治疗方法有重要的参考价值.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像技术在诊断肾肿瘤中的临床应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像在肾肿瘤定性及肾癌临床分期中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的28 例肾透明细胞癌(分Ⅰ～Ⅳ期)、20例肾错构瘤的多层螺旋CT 灌注成像结果,对肿瘤感兴趣区血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT) 与表面通透性(PS)值进行统计学分析,研究其规律性.结果 (1)正常肾皮质BV/A 和BF值明显高于肾透明细胞癌和错构瘤(P＜ 0.01);肾透明细胞癌BV/A和BF值明显高于肾错构瘤(P＜ 0.01);正常肾皮质及肾透明细胞癌PS值明显高于肾错构瘤组(P＜ 0.01).(2)肾透明细胞癌Ⅱ期、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期BV/A值、BF值与PS值明显高于肾透明细胞癌Ⅰ期患者(P＜0.05);肾透明细胞癌Ⅱ期与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期之间相比较,BV/A值与PS值呈上升趋势,前者有统计学意义(P＜0.05),BF值呈下降趋势,比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)3组之间MTT值比较无统计学差异.结论 肾脏肿瘤MSCT灌注参数具有一定的规律,在肾肿瘤的诊断中有重要的临床应用价值.     

大肠癌CT表现及分期与E-cadherin和P-selectin表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨大肠癌患者CT表现及分期与E-cadherin(E-cad)和P-selectin(P-sel)表达的相关性.方法:62例术前行CT检查并经手术病理证实为结直肠癌患者,采用免疫组化检测肿瘤标本中E-cad和P-sel 的表达,分析E-cad和P-sel表达与CT分期、病理分,E-cad和P-sel阳性表达率分别为51.6%及32.3%.随大肠癌CT分期增加,E-cad阳性表达百分率逐渐降低,P-sel阳性表达百分率逐渐增加.E-cad和P-sel表达在大肠癌高分化、中分化及低分化各组无显著性差异(均P>0.05).E-cad阳性表达率在Ⅱ期、Ⅳ期之间及Ⅰ期、Ⅳ期之间有显著性差异(均P<0.05),P-sel阳性表达率在Ⅰ期、Ⅳ期之间,Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期之间及Ⅱ期、Ⅳ期之间有显著性差异(均P<0.05).E-cad和P-sel在结直肠癌中的表达与肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置、肉眼形态、强化程度无显著性差异(均P>0.05).与Ducks分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移有显著性差异(均P<0.05).结论:E-cad和P-sel在大肠癌侵袭转移中发挥重要作用,结合术前CT影像表现,对患者预后的判断及术后治疗方案的选择有积极意义.     

肾透明细胞癌CT征象与病理Fuhrman分级相关性研究

目的探讨肾脏透明细胞癌CT特征与Fuhrman病理分级的相关性。方法选择肾脏透明细胞癌患者60例,根据病理分级分为低级别组(Ⅰ级+Ⅱ级)46例和高级别组(Ⅲ级+Ⅳ级)14例,分析肿瘤CT影像学特征与病理核分级的相关性。结果低级别组与高级别组肿瘤比较,CT值在平扫、皮质期、髓质期及排泄期无统计学差异(P0.05)。高级别肾癌组肿瘤长径大于低级别肾癌组,易于坏死,且假包膜不完整,静脉癌栓和肿瘤累及肾盂的发生率高于低等级肾癌组(P0.05)。低级别组与高级别组包膜最厚处、包膜最薄处、包膜厚度差均没有统计学差异性(P0.05)。结论肾脏透明细胞癌各期CT值与Fuhrman核分级无关联,但假包膜特征,静脉癌栓和累及肾盂与核分级有密切关联,可用于临床治疗方案及预后。     

小视野DWI的ADC值在肾透明细胞癌分级评价中的初步研究

目的应用小视野弥散加权成像(r FOV DWI)研究肾透明细胞癌,探讨表观弥散系数(ADC)值在其分级评价中的应用价值。方法收集经手术病理证实的33例肾透明细胞癌患者,术前行r FOV DWI扫描,b值为(0、800s/mm2),术后病理分级采用Fuhrman病理分级法进行分级,共分为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级,其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ级为低级别组肾透明细胞癌,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级为高级别组肾透明细胞癌。比较表观扩散系数(ADC)值,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积评价参数价值的准确性。结果高级别组透明细胞癌ADC值较低级别组显著偏低,组间差异具有统计学意义(t=5.18,P0.001)。ADC值ROC曲线下面积为0.923,最优阈值、灵敏度和特异度分别为:1.26×10-3mm2/s,81.0%,100%。此外,Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级之间差异无统计学意义(t=-1.22,P=10);Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级、Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅰ级与Ⅳ级、Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级,Ⅱ级与Ⅳ级之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论 r FOV DWI的ADC值对透明细胞癌的分级评价具有较高的诊断效能。     

IVIM-MRI在评估透明细胞肾细胞癌病理分级中的价值

目的:探讨体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)在评估透明细胞肾细胞癌(CCRCC)病理分级中的价值,分析其相关参数与微血管密度(MVD)的相关性.方法:对经病理证实的82例CCRCC患者(Ⅰ级14例,Ⅱ级47例,Ⅲ级15例,Ⅳ级6例)行IVIM-DWI检查,Ⅰ级+Ⅱ级归为低级别组(n=61),Ⅲ+Ⅳ级归为高...     

前列腺癌CT表现与癌组织中雄激素受体的相关性研究

目的 探讨前列腺癌CT表现与病理改变及癌组织中雄激素受体(AR)表达的相关性,为前列腺癌临床治疗及估计预后提供影像学依据.资料与方法 搜集40例经CT检查和病理证实的前列腺癌患者资料,应用免疫组织化学法检测病理组织中AR表达,并行肿瘤组织学病理分级,再与CT表现对照分析.结果 AR表达阴性10例(25%),阳性30例(75%).不同病理分级癌组织中AR表达率有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中高分化阳性表达率为100%,中分化为87%,低分化为60%.CT分期评估A/B期22例,C期10例,D期8例.不同CT分期的前列腺癌组织中AR表达率有显著性差异(P<0.05).CT分期与临床分期无显著性差异(P>0.05).CT上肿块外形、密度改变与AR表达无关(P>0.05),而肿瘤的大小与AR的表达呈负相关.结论 前列腺癌组织中AR表达与前列腺癌的病理分级呈负相关;AR阳性表达随CT分期的升高而减少,CT上前列腺外形和肿瘤密度不能反映前列腺癌组织中AR的表达情况.     

骨巨细胞瘤影像学表现及增殖细胞核抗原表达与病理分级的关系

目的 分析骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)影像学表现,检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,评价二者与肿瘤病理分级的关系.方法 结合X线平片评分方法,应用免疫组织化学方法对24例GCT肿瘤标本检测PCNA,进行病理分级分析评估.结果 应用GCT X线平片评分法,评分低者(<5分)PCNA阳性表达率高(95%),而恶性趋势亦高.全部标本PCNA阳性表达随病理分级增加,PCNA阳性表达有增高趋势,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级与Ⅰ级有显著性差异(P<0.05),Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级间无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 GCT依据X线表现对明确术前病理分级、指导临床选择正确的治疗方法有重要意义.     

MSCT与超声诊断肾癌病理分级的价值比较

目的 :比较MSCT和超声在判断肾癌病理分级上的应用价值,并对2种方法行一致性检验,为临床诊断肾癌病理分级提供诊断依据。方法:选取80例肾透明细胞癌(CCRCC)患者,随机分为CT组和超声组各40例,术前CT组行MSCT常规平扫和双期增强扫描,超声组行常规超声和超声造影,观察不同分级肿瘤的CEUS增强模式、程度、均匀性及肿瘤周边环状高增强(PHR)情况。结果 :经手术取病理活检Fuhrman病理分级,CT组Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级17例,Ⅲ级11例,Ⅳ级3例;超声组Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级19例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅳ级3例。2组在年龄、性别、病程等方面差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。MSCT组各病理级别平扫CT值及相对密度指数差异不大(P0.05),而皮质期及髓质期扫描,病理级别越高,CT值、CT差值、增强百分比、增强指数明显降低(均P0.05)。超声造影显示不同Fuhrman分级CCRCC的PHR差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。FuhrmanⅠ级肿瘤中PHR检出率相对较高,Ⅳ级肿瘤PHR检出率相对较低。各级肿瘤在强化均匀性和CEUS增强模式上差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。MSCT和超声造影对不同Fuhrman病理分级的CCRCC诊断效能差异无统计学意义(P0.05),具有中度一致性(K=0.527,P0.0001),Fuhrman病理分级不同,两者的诊断效能一致性也有差异。结论:MSCT和超声造影对肾癌不同Fuhrman病理分级的判断具有可行性,诊断效能与Fuhrman具有相关性,但两者诊断效能差异无统计学意义,可为临床诊断CCRCC的Fuhrman病理分级提供更多依据,值得临床推广应用。     

64层螺旋CT在肝内胆管细胞癌术前分期中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)术前分期中的应用价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析42例经术后病理或穿刺活检证实的肝内胆管细胞癌临床、病理及CT资料.应用一致性检验分析肝内胆管细胞癌64层螺旋CT分期与临床病理分期吻合程度.结果 42例中,CT分期Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅳa期10例,Ⅳb期17例;临床病理分期Ⅰ期12例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅳa期11例,Ⅳb期13例.CT对T、N、M分期及对血管侵犯的阳性预测值、正确率分别为T (T1 89％、T2 75％、T3 100％、T4 100％)、86％ (36/42),N 81％、88％ (37/42),M 76％、90％ (38/42),血管85％、95％ (40/42).对比肝内胆管细胞癌临床病理分期,CT对T、N、M分期及对血管侵犯判断的Kappa值分别为0.780、0.759、0.795、0.884.结论 肝内胆管细胞癌64层螺旋CT分期与临床病理分期具有很好的一致性,术前CT分期有利于肝内胆管细胞癌的诊断.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）