自动板层刀辅助的后弹力层前膜角膜内皮移植术

角膜内皮移植已成为治疗角膜内皮病变的首选方法.作为目前主流的2种角膜内皮移植手术——后弹力层剥除自动板层刀制备的角膜内皮移植术和后弹力层角膜内皮移植术,前者手术操作易于掌握,但角膜植片仍带有部分基质;后者术后视觉质量好,但手术操作较难掌握,二次手术率较前者高.大气泡和自动板层刀辅助的后弹力层前膜角膜内皮移植术在自动板层刀制备角膜内皮植片的基础上,用大气泡法暴露中央6.5 mm直径的后弹力层前膜,本术式既有后弹力层角膜内皮移植术后的视觉效果,手术操作又易于掌握,值得推广.     

角膜后弹力层剥除联合自动角膜刀取材内皮移植术的临床研究

目的 探讨角膜后弹力层剥除联合自动角膜刀取材内皮移植术的术后疗效、并发症、处理及适应证的选择.方法 临床病例系列研究.2007年9至12月期间,北京大学第三医院、北京大学眼科中心选择9例角膜内皮失代偿的患者行角膜后弹力层剥除自动角膜刀取材及角膜内皮移植手术,术后观察视力、角膜透明性的恢复、植片的脱位率、角膜厚度、角膜曲率及角膜内皮细胞数,随访时间3～7个月.结果 手术中1例虹膜角膜内皮综合征患者的角膜内皮植片植入失败,改行穿透性角膜移植术;其余8例患者术后植片明显脱位1例,再处理后复位.术后8例手术成功患者视力全部提高,植片透明,角膜厚度为(775±30)μm;角膜曲率为(44.19±2.28)D;角膜散光度数为(2.20±0.83)D;角膜内皮细胞数为(1439±296)个/mm~2.结论 角膜后弹力层剥除联合自动角膜刀取材内皮移植术有可能成为一种治疗角膜内皮失代偿的重要术式.     

角膜后弹力层内皮移植术的研究进展

十年间角膜内皮移植术已在我国各级医院广泛开展,并取得了显著成绩。而角膜后弹力层内皮移植术作为角膜内皮移植术中治疗角膜内皮病变的理想术式,在国内仅有少数医院进行了初步尝试。本文从手术适应证、手术过程及术后并发症等方面综述角膜后弹力层内皮移植术在国内外的发展现状,以期为该手术在国内广泛开展提供参考。（中华眼科杂志,2015,51：544-547）     

中国角膜内皮移植术专家共识(2024年)

角膜内皮移植术是治疗角膜内皮疾病的重要方法, 主要分为角膜后弹力层剥除内皮移植术和角膜后弹力层内皮移植术。与穿透性角膜移植术比较, 角膜内皮移植术的术后视力好, 免疫排斥反应发生率低, 但手术技术和过程较为复杂, 术中和术后并发症有所不同。角膜内皮移植术的成功关键在于掌握手术的基本要素并预防并发症。为在我国规范开展和推广角膜内皮移植术, 中华医学会眼科学分会角膜病学组以国内外研究结果和临床实践经验为基础, 围绕角膜内皮移植术的适应证、术前评估、手术技术和操作、术后并发症处理和随访等进行充分讨论, 达成共识性意见, 以期为临床工作提供指导和参考。     

飞秒激光辅助角膜内皮移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的疗效观察

目的：评估飞秒激光辅助的后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2013－03／2014－02在我科住院治疗的大泡性角膜病变患者15例16眼,其中男7例7眼,女8例9眼,平均年龄66．3±18．4岁,采用飞秒激光制作薄层角膜内皮植片,进行后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术。术后随访12mo,观察角膜刺激症状消退、植片恢复和并发症等情况,观测指标包括最佳矫正视力、眼压、前节光学相干断层扫描及角膜内皮细胞计数。结果：所有患者手术顺利,无术中并发症发生;术后眼压正常,最佳矫正视力较术前不同程度提高。角膜刺激症状自术后1d 开始逐渐减轻,术后3wk 完全缓解。术后1眼（6％）发生内皮植片脱位,3眼（19％）植片与植床之间存在局灶性层间积液。术后1 mo角膜上皮变光滑,基质水肿消退,中央角膜厚度（638±86．51μm ）较术前（811±137．55μm）明显变薄。随访期间,发生植片急性排斥反应和植片内皮功能失代偿各1眼（6％）。末次随访,角膜内皮细胞计数为1687±507个／mm2。结论：应用飞秒激光辅助后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术治疗角膜内皮病变,可以个体化、精确、高效地制作内皮植片,手术安全性高,术后恢复快。     

角膜后弹力膜内皮移植术研究进展

角膜后弹力膜内皮移植术由于具有相对较低的移植排斥率以及较好的视力预后等优势,目前已成为部分发达国家治疗角膜内皮失代偿的主流手术方式,但限于手术难度较高,学习曲线较长,中国人前房偏浅,加之国内角膜内皮病变往往合并有其他较复杂的眼部疾病,目前国内尚未普遍开展这一手术。本文就角膜后弹力膜内皮移植术的手术适应证、供体植片制备(...     

角膜后弹力层剥除内皮移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的初步疗效观察

目的 探讨角膜后弹力层剥除内皮移植手术的适应证、手术方法以及对大泡性角膜病变的疗效与并发症的处理.方法 非随机回顾性系列病例研究.选择2006年9月至2007年10月于中山大学中山眼科中心住院的8例(8只眼)大泡性角膜病变患者行角膜后弹力层剥除内皮移植术.术中剥除患眼角膜中央部直径7.75 mm的后弹力层和病变的内皮层,再将植床周边部基质表面刮粗糙,然后按常规角膜内皮移植术的方法植入内皮植片.术后观察植片与植床贴合和植片移位等情况.随访3～9个月,记录患者视力、植片透明度、角膜散光及内皮细胞密度.结果 8例患者术后植片与植床贴合良好,未出现植片移位.术后第1天,1例患者出现继发性闭角型青光眼,术后48 h后缓解.8例患者术后植片透明,术前存在眼痛的6例患者术后眼痛缓解.8例患者术后视力均提高,最好矫正视力为0.3～0.7,平均角膜散光度数为(1.90±0.70)D,平均内皮细胞密度为(2014±192)个/mm2.结论 与深板层角膜内皮移植术比较,角膜后弹力层剥除内皮移植术的操作较简单,对受体角膜和前房的创伤更小.术中将植床周边部基质表面刮粗糙,可有效预防术后植片移位.     

深板层角膜内皮移植术

深板层角膜内皮移植术是近年兴起的新的角膜移植术式，主要用于治疗各种原因引起的角膜内皮功能失调。它经历了近十年的发展，近年来，手术要求更高、对眼表结构改变更小的后弹力层内皮移植术已经应用于临床。大样本的术后效果观察结果表明，它具有术后散光度数小、视力恢复快、并发症少以及排斥反应较少等优势。术后最常发生的并发症是植片脱离受体植床，而通过适当处理可明显减少其发生率。本文对该手术近年来的实验和临床进展、临床效果观察、术后并发症及其处理等作一综述。     

后弹力层角膜内皮移植术应用与手术技术

角膜内皮移植(endothelial keratoplasty,EK)是针对内皮细胞功能障碍的靶向性治疗方法.目前已成为国际上治疗角膜内皮病变的首选方法.而后弹力层角膜内皮移植术(Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty,DMEK)是目前EK最新技术,也称为小切口角膜内皮移植术,从解剖学角度完美恢复了角膜组织的正常结构,可更好更快恢复视力,且术后排斥反应显著降低,受到了广泛关注和认可.然而,DMEK作为一项新技术,虽然具有显著的优点,也面临着技术上的挑战.最受关注的是供体制备过程中内皮片的丢失、植入受体的展开和位置调整.目前随着手术方法和设备的不断改进,植入技术不断改进,学习曲线正在逐渐减低,越来越多的眼科医生掌握了该技术.由于角膜材料与手术适应证等限制,目前我国尚无开展DMEK的报道.     

不剥除后弹力层的深板层角膜内皮移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的初步临床观察

目的 探讨不剥除后弹力层的深板层角膜内皮移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的可行性和临床疗效.方法 前瞻性系列病例研究,收集自2007年9月至2009年1月在我院住院的大泡性角膜病变患者,进行不剥除后弹力层的深板层角膜内皮移植术.术中均未处理患眼角膜内皮.直接用植入镊将制作好的直径为8.5mm的角膜内皮植片植入受体前房,气体顶压植片进行固定.术后随访6～20个月,观察植片贴附和植片移位等情况,对手术前后的视力进行比较,检查植片透明度和角膜内皮细胞密度.结果 5例患者术后植片与受体内皮面始终贴附良好;1例患者术后第2天出现层间裂隙,经改俯卧位后植片贴附良好.6例患者植片均透明,其中5例患者术后最佳矫正视力均有不同程度的提高;1例患者术后视力同术前,视力不提高的原因为眼外伤造成的视神经萎缩.6例术后平均角膜内皮细胞密度为(1648±384)个/mm~2.随访过程均未发现有免疫排斥反应发生.结论 不剥除后弹力层的深板层角膜内皮移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变具有安全、有效、操作简便等特点,有望成为治疗该病的手术方式之一.     

Comparison of penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty in patients with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome: A registry study

Background

To compare graft survival of endothelial keratoplasty (EK) versus penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients with iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome and identify ocular features associated with graft survival.

Methods

Observational, prospective, cohort study. A total of 30 806 first grafts performed between 1985 and 2020 were identified through the Australian Corneal Graft Registry and included in this observational, prospective cohort study. A total of 196 eyes underwent a primary corneal graft for ICE syndrome. Kaplan–Meier graft survival plots and Chi-squared tests were performed to identify graft survival rates for EK and PK. A history of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) was also recorded and analysed. Graft survival of eyes with ICE syndrome were compared to that of other indications.

Results

Grafts performed for ICE syndrome increased to 0.8% of all cases during the 2005 to 2020 period compared with 0.5% between 1985 to 2004 (χ²=9.35, p = 0.002). From 2010, EK surpassed PK as the preferred graft type. Survival of primary grafts in eyes with ICE syndrome was lower than for other indications (log-rank = 56.62, p < 0.001). Graft survival was higher following PK than Descemet stripping (automated) endothelial keratoplasty (DS(A)EK) (log-rank = 10.56, p = 0.001). Graft survival was higher in eyes without a history of raised IOP compared to those with a reported history of raised IOP (log-rank = 13.06, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

ICE syndrome carries a poor prognosis for graft survival. DS(A)EK had a poorer prognosis than PK. A history of raised IOP is associated with higher risk of graft failure.     

Clinical Outcomes of Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Korean Patients with Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of nanothin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in Korean patients with corneal endothelial dysfunction.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of the patients who underwent nanothin DSAEK (graft thickness ≤50 μm) due to corneal endothelial dysfunction and followed up more than 1 year. We evaluated best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness, and corneal endothelial cell density at preoperative and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsSixteen eyes of 16 patients with the mean follow-up period of 13.00 ± 0.96 months were included. The mean graft thickness after deswelling was 45.25 ± 4.59 μm (range, 38.0–50.0 μm). The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA improved from 1.37 ± 0.53 preoperatively to 0.68 ± 0.46, 0.55 ± 0.35, 0.40 ± 0.25, and 0.39 ± 0.25 at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001), respectively. The mean central corneal thickness improved from 752.00 ± 129.11 to 555.75 ± 54.66 μm at 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.006). The mean graft endothelial cell density decreased from 2,859.62 ± 228.34 to 1,542.25 ± 627.34 cells/mm² at 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.012). The postoperative complications included increased intraocular pressure (n = 3, 18.75%) and graft dislocation (n = 1, 6.25%), all of which were successfully managed by anterior chamber paracentesis or rebubbling. No other serious complications were encountered.ConclusionsNanothin DSAEK produced significant and stable visual improvements without severe postoperative complications in Korean patients with corneal endothelial dysfunction.     

Incidence of cystoid macular edema after Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty

AIM: To determine the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). METHODS: This study included all consecutive patients operated in a Spanish tertiary reference hospital over a period of four years. A total of 55 eyes from 47 patients matched the selection criteria. CME was diagnosed clinically at the slit-lamp and confirmed by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Six cases of CME were diagnosed postoperatively, which represented an incidence of 11%. Three patients had previously undergone DSAEK alone (7%; 3/41) and the other three, DSAEK combined with phacoemulsification (21%; 3/14). Five out of six patients with CME responded to standard therapy. CONCLUSION: CME is a possible complication after DSAEK and can be treated with standard therapy. CME appears more frequently when DSAEK is combined with phacoemulsification and posterior chamber (PC) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Intraoperative damage to the corneal endothelial cells might play a role in the pathogenesis of CME. As long as the causes remain unclear, we recommend administering prophylaxis when risk factors are present or when combined surgery is planned.     

A modified method for suprachoroidal fluid drainage in kissing choroidal detachment

AIM: To introduce a new method for suprachoroidal fluid drainage before 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS: A 15º side-port blade was firstly used to create a sclerotomy into the suprachoroidal space for initial drainage. A 30-guage needle was then applied to inject balanced saline solution through the existing sclerotomy for further drainage. After most of the suprachoroidal fluid was drained, standard 3-port 23-guage pars plana vitrectomy was performed. RESULTS: We have succeeded in using this technique to treat five patients with retinal detachment and kissing choroidal detachment (KCD). The choroidal detachment was visibly recessed in all cases after drainage with no intraoperative complications. After removal of silicon oil at 3mo follow-up, all patients obtained a reattached retina. No postoperative complications such as hypotony and endophthalmitis occurred. CONCLUSION: The new technique is efficient and safe for suprachoroidal fluid drainage for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In future, further larger series are needed to attest to its safety and ef?cacy.     

Clinical results of non-Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty

AIM: To investigate the impact of non-Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (non-DSEK) on graft rejection rate, and its overall procedural effectiveness in patients. METHODS: Non-DSEK was performed on 65 eyes of 64 patients, and the procedural outcomes, including rejection episodes, failure and dislocation of the grafts, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (ECD), and other complications, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 65 eyes, 63 recovered from bullous keratopathy with a clear cornea. The mean follow-up time was 26.4mo (range, 6-84mo). The mean BCVA improved from 1.70 logMAR preoperatively to 0.54 logMAR at 3mo, 0.46 logMAR at 6mo, and 0.37 logMAR at 1y after surgery. The postoperative donor ECD of the 25 patients who successfully underwent specular microscopic examination was 1918±534 cells/mm2 (range, 637 to 3056 cells/mm2), and the mean endothelial cell loss was 41.9% at 24mo postoperatively. One eye developed secondary glaucoma and required regrafting via penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Another eye had postoperative graft failure due to rejection at 26mo. Postoperative graft dislocation occurred in eight eyes. All of the eight dislocated grafts were reattached using air reinjection. CONCLUSION: Immunological graft rejection of the donor graft rarely occurs in non-DSEK. Therefore, non-DSEK is a safe, concise, and effective alternative to restore corneal decompensation when the Descemet membrane is disease-free.     

简化DSEK技术在复杂性大泡性角膜病变中的应用

目的观察简化的后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术(Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty,DSEK)治疗复杂性大泡性角膜病变的疗效。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2015年12月至2017年8月北部战区总医院接受手术治疗的11例(11眼)复杂性大泡性角膜病变患者。方法所有患者接受了DSEK,术中所有供体植片采用手工剖切制作,平均直径(8.05±0.57)mm,植片均采用滑板法植入。主要指标术后早期植片贴附情况及并发症;随访1年时最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、角膜散光、植片透明度和厚度、内皮细胞密度和手术并发症。结果11眼中8眼术后植片与植床贴附良好;3眼术后植片半脱位,经再次前房注气后植片贴附良好。1眼术后4个月继发开角型青光眼。术后1年BCVA 7例患者≥0.3;平均角膜散光度数为(1.83±0.46)D;11眼植片均透明,平均植片厚度(126±19)μm;平均内皮细胞密度(954±218)个/mm2;11眼均无排斥反应发生。结论复杂性大泡性角膜病变行简化DSEK可获得满意的疗效。     

Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty: a successful alternative to repeat penetrating keratoplasty

Background: Although Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty has replaced penetrating keratoplasty for primary treatment of endothelial disorders, many patients have already undergone penetrating keratoplasty. It is unclear when repeat penetrating keratoplasty is necessary or when endothelial keratoplasty may restore clarity to a failed graft. Design: Retrospective case series of patients undergoing Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty after penetrating keratoplasty by three surgeons at an academic tertiary care centre. Participants: Eight patients with Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty after penetrating keratoplasty from 2006 to 2009. Methods: Microkeratome‐prepared Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty donor tissue was used. In seven cases, the penetrating keratoplasty bed was neither stripped nor scraped, and in one, scraping only was performed. Main Outcome Measures: Preoperative and 6‐month postoperative best‐corrected visual acuities in logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution). Results: The average pre‐Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty best‐corrected visual acuity was 1.375, and the average best‐corrected visual acuity 6 months postoperatively was logMAR 1.0, a 2.5‐fold improvement in the minimum angle of resolution (P = 0.22). Seven of the eight patients showed an improvement in best‐corrected visual acuity, and one patient had failure of Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and required penetrating keratoplasty. Five had a postoperative event: one had a gap that resolved spontaneously, three required rebubblings (injections of air only without otherwise repositioning the graft), and one experienced graft failure. Conclusions: Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty can successfully rescue a prior penetrating keratoplasty, even with a fairly high detachment rate. Given these favourable visual outcomes, further study of this promising strategy is justified.