自我清洁间歇导尿在脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者中的应用

目的探讨自我清洁间歇导尿的应用对脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者的影响。方法将符合入选标准的80例患者按随机数字表法分为清洁间歇导尿组(自我清洁间歇导尿)和留置导尿组(长期留置尿管)各40例,比较两组患者4周后尿路感染发生率、出院3个月后残余尿量及日常生活活动能力。结果两组患者尿路感染发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);出院3个月两组日常生活活动能力比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论自我清洁间歇导尿优于长期留置尿管,有利于提高患者生活质量。     

光感基因调控技术对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤后膀胱尿动力学和肌电图的影响

目的观察光感基因调控技术对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤所致神经源性膀胱功能的影响。方法 50只大鼠经尿流动力学检查无异常后进行随机分组,并采用T10脊髓完全横断建立脊髓损伤动物模型,分为假手术对照组、脊髓损伤无蓝光刺激组和脊髓损伤蓝光刺激组。2周后进行膀胱尿动力学、肌电图测定。结果脊髓损伤蓝光刺激组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌肌条舒缩曲线大部分可见规律性变化,波形均匀一致;同时膀胱最大容量增加,内压降低,顺应性升高;而脊髓损伤无蓝光刺激组无上述变化。结论光感基因可以调节骶上脊髓完全性损伤后膀胱逼尿肌的收缩功能,对神经源性膀胱功能恢复有重要意义。     

基于目标控制的康复训练对脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者预后的影响

目的探讨基于目标控制的系统康复训练对脊髓损伤(SCI)神经源性膀胱患者膀胱功能、自我效能、目标希望的影响。方法将64例SCI神经源性膀胱患者随机分为两组,两组均在常规病变干预的同时行功能性物理治疗和生物反馈治疗,在此基础上,对照组(n=32)配合常规康复护理支持,观察组(n=32)则启动基于目标控制的SCI膀胱功能康复治疗方案。干预8周后,采用慢病自我效能量表(SECD6)、希望水平量表(HHI)对两组进行评估;同时通过自行排尿频次、膀胱残余尿及膀胱容量指标的检测,评价膀胱功能状态。结果干预8周后观察组自我效能评分、希望水平总分及各维度得分显著高于对照组(均P0.01);两组在自行排尿频次、膀胱残余尿量及膀胱容量等相关膀胱功能指标较干预初期明显改善,而观察组改善更为显著,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论对SCI神经源性膀胱患者执行基于目标控制的康复训练策略,有利于患者自我效能的提高和康复计划的稳步推进,促进尽早恢复膀胱功能。     

阶段评估在神经源性膀胱康复护理中的实施

目的探讨阶段评估在脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱康复护理中的应用与效果。方法将124例脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者按时间段分为对照组52例、观察组72例,对照组行常规康复护理;观察组自行设计膀胱护理评估表进行阶段评估,根据评估结果采取相应的护理措施。于出院前1周评价效果。结果观察组达到平衡膀胱率及膀胱控制能力评分显著优于对照组(均P0.05)。结论采用膀胱护理评估表进行阶段评估有利于及时发现膀胱护理中的问题和采取有效的针对性干预措施,从而提高神经源性膀胱康复效果。     

热敏灸治疗脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的疗效和安全性：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析

目的 探讨热敏灸治疗脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的疗效和安全性。方法 检索中外文献库中关于热敏灸与非热敏灸治疗脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的文献,进行文献质量评价后,采用Revman5.3软件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入8篇研究,Meta分析显示,热敏灸可提高临床有效率(OR=3.46,95%CI:2.03～5.89,P<0.001),增加膀胱压力(OR=-13.84,95%CI:-16.64～-11.03,P<0.001)、尿道闭合压(OR=9.13,95%CI:6.94～11.31,P<0.001)、残余尿量(OR=-30.33,95%CI:-36.24～-24.43,P<0.001)、最大尿流率(OR=1.78,95%CI:0.79～2.76,P<0.001)、膀胱有效容量(OR=33.47,95%CI:26.27～40.68,P<0.05),减少膀胱功能评分(OR=-0.39,95%CI:-0.57～-0.21,P<0.001)和漏尿次数(OR=-0.76,95%CI:-1.07～-0.44,P<0.01)。结论 热敏灸治疗脊髓损伤后神经源性膀...     

电刺激治疗神经源性膀胱感觉功能障碍的疗效观察

目的:观察电刺激治疗神经源性膀胱感觉功能障碍的疗效。方法:在2009年3月~2010年10月收治的神经源性膀胱患者中,选取以膀胱感觉功能障碍为主诉、经查体和尿动力学检查证实存在膀胱感觉功能障碍的患者38例,其中18例接受电刺激治疗(治疗组),男11例,女7例,年龄23~50岁,平均31.4岁,完全性脊髓损伤患者10例,不完全性脊髓损伤患者8例,病程1~32个月,平均7.2个月;其余20例不接受电刺激治疗,为对照组,男15例,女5例,年龄21~48岁,平均28.6岁,完全性脊髓损伤患者13例,不完全性脊髓损伤患者7例,病程1~27个月,平均6.9个月。尿动力学检查:治疗组中10例膀胱感觉消失,8例膀胱感觉减弱;对照组中11例膀胱感觉消失,9例膀胱感觉减弱。两组年龄、性别、膀胱感觉障碍类型相匹配。治疗组除常规训练外,每天先后进行膀胱腔内电刺激和经皮膀胱电刺激各1次;对照组只进行常规膀胱训练,不行电刺激治疗,1个月后比较两组患者膀胱感觉变化情况。结果:治疗组11例膀胱感觉获得不同程度改善,7例膀胱感觉无变化;8例膀胱感觉减弱患者平均初始尿意膀胱容量和强烈尿意膀胱容量治疗前分别为414±46ml、540±42ml,治疗后分别为255±41ml、420±82ml,治疗前后比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。对照组治疗前后膀胱感觉无明显变化,平均初始尿意膀胱容量和强烈尿意膀胱容量治疗前分别为466±37ml、562±45ml,治疗后分别为421±21ml、598±47ml,治疗前后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗前平均初始尿意膀胱容量和强烈尿意膀胱容量两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后平均初始尿意膀胱容量和强烈尿意膀胱容量两组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:综合电刺激治疗能改善部分神经源性膀胱患者的膀胱感觉功能。     

脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱临床评估及治疗的研究进展

脊髓损伤患者经常合并有不同程度的神经源性膀胱症状，由此产生的各种泌尿系统并发症最终可能会导致肾功能衰竭，甚至死亡，不断的优化脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者的康复护理等治疗措施，对于提高患者生存质量，降低患者远期的死亡率，有重要的临床和社会意义。本文通过回顾文献，首先总结了神经源性膀胱在脊髓损伤不同阶段的表现，介绍了神经源性膀胱的临床评估，并详细概述了该类患者保守治疗，康复护理及手术治疗等措施，以便为此类患者的诊治提供参考。     

多节段脊髓平面损伤后大鼠神经源性膀胱模型的制备

目的研制一种具有临床相似性、可调控性、可重复性的脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍动物模型的制模方法。方法采用改良Allen法,将10g重的柯氏针从20cm高以自由落体落下,撞击在动物脊柱背侧的垫片上,造成一定程度的脊髓损伤。结果在脊髓休克期,骶上脊髓损伤(胸腰段)组和骶髓损伤组动物平均每次挤压膀胱排尿量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在脊髓休克期后,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论改良Allen法具有临床相似性等优点,能为脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍的研究提供理想的动物模型。     

根治性膀胱切除术后回肠与乙状结肠2种原位新膀胱术的临床疗效观察

目的:探究根治性膀胱切除术后回肠与乙状结肠2种原位新膀胱术的临床疗效及术后并发症发生率的差异。方法:选取2010年4月~2015年2月我院收治的膀胱癌患者86例作为研究对象。所有患者均行根治性膀胱切除术+原位新膀胱术,按手术方式不同,接受回肠原位新膀胱术的51例患者分为A组,接受乙状结肠原位新膀胱术的35例患者为B组。记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量以及术后住院时间。所有患者术后定期随访,均随访满18个月,观察记录两组患者术后并发症发生情况、术后3周控尿能力及术后6个月的尿流动力学检查结果。结果:A组患者手术时间、术中出血量以及术后住院时间均明显多于B组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,术后并发症Clavien-Dindo分级比较差异无统计学意义;A组患者术后3周夜间可控尿率明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后6个月的膀胱剩余尿和最大尿流率差异无统计学意义;A组术后6个月的膀胱最大储尿量明显高于B组,而膀胱充盈压和排尿压均明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后18个月肿瘤复发率及生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义。结论:相比回肠原位新膀胱术,乙状结肠原位新膀胱术具有手术操作较简单、术中出血量少、术后恢复快等优势,而回肠原位新膀胱术术后夜间控尿率较满意,膀胱储尿量大,顺应性好。2种原位新膀胱术均能取得满意疗效,术后并发症发生率及Clavien-Dindo分级差异无统计学意义,随访18个月肿瘤复发率及生活质量评分差异无统计学意义,临床上可根据患者个体情况和医生擅长术式决定治疗方案。     

经神经途径重建脊髓损伤后膀胱功能新进展

神经源性膀胱引起的严重的尿潴留和尿路感染甚至慢性肾功能衰竭严重影响患者生活质量以及生命,其治疗有多种方法,本文从经神经途径重建脊髓损伤后膀胱功能的方法作一综述,同时对膀胱神经再支配治疗神经源性膀胱的新进展进行文献复习.     

Automatic evaluation of ultrasonography-estimated bladder weight and bladder wall thickness in community-dwelling men with presumably normal bladder function

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The diagnostic potential of ultrasound derived measurements of bladder wall thickness and bladder weight in men with LUTS and varying degrees of BOO have been explored. However, there is a paucity of such measurements in the asymptomatic population with which to compare such patients. This study investigates these measurements in community‐dwelling men with presumably normal bladder function.

OBJECTIVE

• ? To identify measurements of ultrasonography (US)‐derived bladder wall thickness (BWT) and bladder weight in community‐dwelling men with presumably normal bladder function.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

• ? A total of 100 male volunteers underwent transabdominal US measurements of BWT and bladder weight, using the BVM 9500 bladder scanner (Verathon Medical, Bothell, WA, USA), at a variety of bladder filling volumes.
• ? The data were explored for any correlation between measurements of BWT and US‐estimated bladder weight (UEBW) with subject age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ M‐LUTS) score, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and IPSS Quality of Life index (IPSS QoL).

RESULTS

• ? Several statistically significant but weak correlations were observed: BWT and weight (r= 0.216, P= 0.032); BWT and BMI (r= 0.246, P= 0.014); UEBW and weight (r= 0.304, P= 0.002); and UEBW and BMI (r= 0.260, P= 0.009).
• ? Bladder filling volume appeared to have a greater effect on BWT than on UEBW, although this could not be determined accurately.
• ? There was a substantial difference in measurements of BWT and UEBW in the assessment of inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability testing.

CONCLUSION

• ? Further studies are required to validate automated measurements of BWT and UEBW and to investigate such measurements in the symptomatic and asymptomatic male population.

     

Prosthetic urinary bladder implantation to facilitate bladder regeneration

A temporary artificial bladder was implanted in 15 female dogs undergoing total or subtotal cystectomy. One or two months after implantation, the prosthesis was removed. In three dogs sacrificed 6 months after prosthesis implantation, a new urinary reservoir was identified. Two dogs failed to develop a urinary reservoir, and both ureters anastomosed directly to the top of a dilated urethra. Seven dogs died from complications (infection, urine leakage, etc). Three additional dogs are alive and well 2.5 months after implantation, and in these animals a new urinary reservoir has been demonstrated by cystography. Histologic examination of the new urinary reservoir revealed a thin lining of transitional cell-like epithelium and an underlying attenuated muscle layer. The ability of the canine species to generate a functioning urinary reservoir after total or subtotal cystectomy may hold promise for eventual clinical application in humans.     

Change in acetylcholine release from rat bladder with partial outlet obstruction

OBJECTIVE

To investigate changes in acetylcholine release from the bladder of rats with partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), as partial BOO leads to hypertrophy and an alteration in the contractions of the detrusor smooth muscle, and acetylcholine plays an important role in urinary bladder contractions but there is little available information on acetylcholine release after BOO.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Partial BOO was induced in adult female rats by ligating the proximal urethra over a 1 mm angiocatheter; sham‐operated rats served as controls. The rats were killed 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after induction of BOO. We investigated the contractions induced by carbachol, KCl (80 mm ), ATP and electrical‐field stimulation (EFS, 2.5–40 Hz), and collected the dialysate obtained from a microdialysis probe inserted into the muscle strips during EFS, and measured the amount of acetylcholine in the dialysate fraction by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electro‐chemical detection. S‐100 immunohistochemical staining of the bladder preparations was used for histological examination in BOO and control rats.

RESULTS

The bladder weight gradually increased after BOO. There were no significant changes in KCl‐induced contractions throughout the experimental period in either group. There were no significant changes in carbachol‐induced contractions until 3 months after BOO but there was a significant reduction at 6 months. ATP‐induced contractions were significantly increased 2 weeks and 3 months after BOO. EFS‐induced contractions were gradually reduced after BOO. Acetylcholine release from the bladder strips was not significantly different between the groups until 2 weeks after BOO. However, acetylcholine release in BOO rats was significantly decreased 3–6 months after BOO, being significantly lower than that of the control rats. In the histological study, the number of nerve fibres in the BOO rats was significantly lower than in the control rats.

CONCLUSIONS

We suggest that the prolonged BOO caused a decrease in EFS‐induced acetylcholine release and the number of nerves in the rat urinary bladder, which might contribute to bladder underactivity in BOO.     

Urinary bladder reformation: Regeneration or dilatation?

In an earlier study, urinary bladder regeneration was investigated. For that purpose, 15 dogs were subjected to total or subtotal cystectomy, and a silicone rubber prosthesis was nestled in the trigone and covered with polyglycolic acid mesh. After 3–5 months, a newly formed urinary reservoir was found in six dogs. Since transitional cell epithelium and smooth muscle were identified in the wall of the reservoir, it was concluded that bladder regeneration had probably occurred. However, the possibility of distention of the trigone to form the new cavity could not be ruled out. Therefore, six additional dogs were subjected to subtotal cystectomy, ileal loop, and temporary artificial bladder implantation. The edges of the bladder resection were marked with nonabsorbable sutures. In three fully evaluable dogs a urinary cavity was identified. This was mainly formed by trigonal distention. While the epithelium had regrown over a small area of fibrous tissue found at the dome of the reservoir, no smooth muscle regeneration was found. It is concluded that the new reservoir was formed by trigonal dilatation rather than by regeneration.     

Evaluation of urinary continence and voiding function: early results in men with neo-urethral modification of the Hautmann orthotopic neobladder

PURPOSE: At our institution we use the Hautmann orthotopic bladder replacement with a chimney and neo-urethral modification. A neo-urethral tube allows tension-free intestino-urethral anastomosis, thus providing application of this procedure for patients who may otherwise not qualify due to the inability of the small bowel to reach the urethra. However, this neo-urethral tube may also enhance continence by providing significant intra-abdominal urethral length. Conversely, such a modification may be associated with a higher degree of urinary retention. Early evaluation and reporting on the results of this procedure appear warranted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 1996 to March 2000, 14 consecutive male patients underwent cystoprostatectomy and urinary reconstruction with Hautmann repair using chimney and neo-urethral modifications. We performed a retrospective analysis of urinary function and continence with data obtained from patient questionnaires completed preoperatively and at each postoperative office visit. The examining physician chart notes were reviewed for information about urinary retention. The American Urological Association symptom score and voiding bother index were used to assess urinary function and bother, respectively. Urinary continence was defined as the complete absence of any form of urinary leakage protection. RESULTS: Of the 14 patients 12 were completely continent day and night, with a median followup of 17 months. There were 2 patients who wore pads less than 7 months after surgery. Improvement of urinary continence appeared to continue up to 12 months postoperatively. Despite this encouraging effect, when our data were compared to the published literature, we noted a somewhat increased incidence of patients requiring clean intermittent catheterization to manage significant post-void urinary residuals. We had no patients with urethro-intestinal strictures who required clean intermittent catheterization. CONCLUSIONS: The neo-urethral tube modification appears to have a significant and favorable impact on urinary continence while seeming to be associated with a trend towards an increased rate of chronic urinary retention. Longer followup will be required to determine whether this higher rate of chronic urinary retention will remain stable or change with time.