全麻术后苏醒延迟影响因素的Logistic分析

全身麻醉后超过2h,意识仍不恢复,可认定为麻醉苏醒延迟[1]。苏醒延迟可加重病情,增加病人经济负担,严重可危及生命。研究分析其发生原因,并采取有针对性的防护措施非常必要。以往虽有较多文献报道,但多为主观性分析,且各种因素交织,很难区分因果和主次。本研究以我院近几年来发     

改良Aldrete量表用于妇科全麻术后患者复苏效果评价

目的评价两种Aldrete量表对妇科全麻术后患者的复苏效果。方法将进入苏醒室的妇科全麻术后患者60例随机分为观察组与对照组各30例。对照组采取Aldrete量表评分作为出室评估工具,观察组采取改良Aldrete量表评分,比较分析两组患者出苏醒室时疼痛(NRS)评分、躁动(RS)评分和生命体征等。结果观察组出苏醒室时疼痛严重程度、恶心呕吐发生率、躁动状况、平均动脉压及心率显著低于对照组,而苏醒室观察时间显著长于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论运用改良Aldrete量表评价,患者达到出苏醒室标准的时间较Aldrete量表长,但保证了术后患者出苏醒室时的生命体征平稳和舒适性。     

不同频次唤醒护理对全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后患者苏醒效果的影响

目的 探讨不同频次的唤醒护理对全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后带气管导管转入麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)患者苏醒效果的影响。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后带气管导管转入气管导管观察的116例患者为研究对象,探讨不同频次(试验组A每5分钟、试验组B每10分钟、对照组等待患者自然苏醒)的唤醒护理对气管导管拔管时间、拔管后苏醒时间、总苏醒时间、拔管时呛咳反应、苏醒期躁动、拔管成功率、拔管后低氧血症和平均动脉压波动发生率的影响。结果 气管导管拔管时间三组比较差异有统计学意义,试验组A和试验组B显著短于对照组(均P<0.05);试验组A与试验组B差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。拔管后苏醒时间三组比较差异有统计学意义,试验组A显著长于对照组(P<0.05)。总苏醒时间三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组气管导管拔管成功率和拔管后低氧血症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组A和试验组B拔管时呛咳反应、苏醒期躁动程度和拔管后平均动脉压波动发生率明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论 5 min和10 min频次的唤醒护理...     

术后精神障碍影响因素的研究进展

术后意识障碍将给家庭和社会带来沉重的包袱，认知障碍易于向老年性痴呆转化。充分认识麻醉和手术期间引发术后精神障碍的可能病因和诱因，有助于针对性地预防和处理。     

加速康复外科理念下机器人结直肠癌根治术后苏醒时间的影响因素分析

目的:探讨在加速康复外科要求下行达芬奇机器人辅助结直肠癌根治术后麻醉苏醒时间的影响因素,为缩短麻醉苏醒时间、加速患者康复提供参考。方法:回顾性收集2021年1月至2022年10月行达芬奇机器人辅助结直肠癌手术的64例患者的病历资料,包括患者的一般情况及围术期指标。采用单因素相关分析及多元线性回归分析的统计学方法得出与苏醒时间相关的影响因素。结果:年龄、术前血红蛋白、术前血糖、腹部手术史及手术时间是此类手术麻醉苏醒时间的影响因素,年龄、术前血红蛋白、术前血糖是其独立影响因素。结论:在加速康复外科理念下,达芬奇机器人辅助结直肠癌根治术后麻醉苏醒时间受多种因素影响,其中年龄、术前血红蛋白、术前血糖是其独立影响因素;围术期应针对相应的影响因素采取各项措施提前干预,以缩短麻醉苏醒时间,提高麻醉复苏质量。     

老年脊柱手术患者术后早期认知功能障碍的影响因素分析

目的研究老年脊柱手术患者术后早期认知功能障碍(POCD)的影响因素。方法选择2012-04-2015-10期间在我院接受脊柱手术的老年患者68例为研究对象,通过简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分来判断认知功能障碍,采集临床信息并分析认知功能障碍的影响因素。结果 68例患者中,发生POCE15例,发生率22.06%;单因素分析显示:POCD组患者的年龄、受教育年限、术后血糖水平高于非POCD组,合并糖尿病多于非POCD组(t/x~2=6.119~13.061,P0.05),性别、BMI、合并高血压、合并冠心病、麻醉时间、手术时间以及术后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平无统计学意义(t/x~2=0.070~0.8541,P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示:高龄、术后血糖水平高、合并糖尿病是POCD发生的危险因素,受教育年限长是POCD发生的保护因素(OR=0.361~2.581,95%CI=0.185~3.295,Wals X~2=9.385~12.885,P0.05)。结论高龄、受教育年限短、糖代谢异常的老年脊柱手术患者更加容易发生术后早期认知功能障碍,应当针对高危人群进行早期预防、严格控制围手术期血糖水平。     

麻醉苏醒室患者术后低氧血症的危险因素分析及护理对策

目的 降低麻醉苏醒室内全身麻醉患者术后低氧血症发生率,提高患者苏醒质量。 方法 以择期手术的1 028例全身麻醉患者为对象,监测、记录其术后转入麻醉苏醒室的血氧饱和度及基本信息、术中麻醉情况、各项检验指标等。进行回归分析,并建立全身麻醉患者术后低氧血症发生率的预测模型。 结果 21.79%患者发生低氧血症,回归分析显示年龄≥70岁、体重指数≥25、ASA分级Ⅱ级及以上、胸部手术是患者发生低氧血症的危险因素（均P＜0.05）。 结论 麻醉苏醒室术后患者低氧血症的发生率较高,高龄、肥胖、ASA分级Ⅱ级及以上及胸部手术患者应进行重点关注,以降低患者低氧血症发生率。     

甲苯磺酸瑞马唑仑对妇科日间手术患者术后苏醒质量及谵妄影响研究

目的 评价甲苯磺酸瑞马唑仑对妇科日间手术患者术后苏醒质量及谵妄的影响。方法 择期全凭静脉麻醉行日间妇科手术患者118例,年龄18～65岁,体质量40～80 kg, ASAI～Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组59例。观察组静脉注射甲苯磺酸瑞马唑仑、丙泊酚、顺式阿曲库铵、舒芬太尼行麻醉诱导。对照组在麻醉诱导中以等量生理盐水代替甲苯磺酸瑞马唑仑。记录麻醉时间、手术时间、术中出血、输液量、尿量,以及麻醉起效时间、麻醉药物使用量、苏醒时间和拔管时间。评价患者入PACU时(T₀)、入PACU后10 min(T₁)、出PACU时(T₂)的疼痛VAS评分、苏醒质量Steward评分和镇静Ramsay评分。统计术后苏醒期不良反应及谵妄发生率。结果 2组患者的麻醉时间、手术时间、术中出血量、输液量、尿量、苏醒及拔管时间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组麻醉起效时间短于对照组,麻醉药物使用量少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T₀、T₁、T₂     

全身麻醉术后患者苏醒期并发症发生情况调查分析

目的了解全麻术后患者苏醒期并发症发生情况,为临床监护及制定个体化护理方案提供参考。方法将2 938例全麻术后入麻醉恢复室患者按年龄段分为儿童组(285例)、青年组(816例)、中年组(1 432例)及老年组(405例),观察、记录并发症发生情况。结果全麻术后苏醒期567例(19.30%)患者发生并发症;四组高血压、低血压、低氧血症、躁动、苏醒延迟发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01);苏醒时间老年组最长、儿童组最短(均P0.05)。结论患者全麻术后苏醒期并发症发生率较高,老年组以高血压、低氧血症、苏醒延迟发生率偏高,青年组以低血压发生率偏高,儿童组以躁动发生率偏高。应根据患者年龄与并发症特点采取相应护理措施,确保患者安全复苏。     

椎体内部强化术后术椎塌陷的危险因素分析

目的 :探讨椎体内部强化术,包括经皮椎体成形术(PVP)、椎体后凸成形术(PKP),术后术椎塌陷的发生率、独立危险因素以及预防措施。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年6月经椎体内部强化术治疗并获得随访的154例单节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)患者的临床资料,其中男65例,女89例,年龄57~90岁,平均(76.20±9.35)岁。随访时间6~30个月,平均(15.43±6.81)个月,术后随访患者均接受X线检查,部分患者接受MRI检查。分析与术椎塌陷相关的可能危险因素,包括性别、年龄、手术方式(PVP或PKP)、骨质疏松程度T评分、术椎节段水平、是否合并椎体骨坏死、术椎骨水泥填充模式、术椎前缘高度恢复率。并将可能的危险因素作为研究对象,采用多因素Logistic逐步回归分析法筛选影响术椎塌陷的独立危险因素。结果:随访周期内共发现29例发生术椎塌陷,术椎塌陷的发生率为18.83%。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示手术方式(OR=0.171,P=0.010),骨质疏松程度T评分(OR=0.242,P=0.024),是否合并椎体骨坏死(OR=12.225,P=0.003),术椎骨水泥填充模式(OR=10.461,P=0.000)以及术椎前缘高度恢复率(OR=0.316,P=0.019)是影响术椎塌陷的独立危险因素。结论:椎体内部强化术后术椎塌陷的发生率较高,其发生率与多种因素相关,其中手术方式、骨质疏松程度T评分、是否合并椎体骨坏死、术椎骨水泥填充模式、术椎前缘高度恢复率是影响术椎塌陷的独立危险因素。术前严格筛选患者,术中注重骨水泥的对称性均匀分布,术后积极抗骨质疏松治疗,可降低术后术椎塌陷的发生率。     

Routine minimally invasive aortic valve procedures

BACKGROUND: Due to the lack of objective evidence supporting the advantages and early technical difficulties, minimally invasive aortic valve procedures were performed on a highly selective rather than routine basis. METHODS: From September 1997 to February 1999, one surgeon routinely used upper or transverse minimally invasive sternotomy to perform 46 consecutive cases of aortic valve procedures (M), whereas two other surgeons performed 40 aortic valve procedures through a conventional sternotomy (C). RESULTS: More time consuming and technically demanding surgeries were done in M. There was one death in each group. Aortic clamp time was longer in M (93+/-40 vs 59+/-24 min, P=0.001). There were no differences in operating time, pump time, intubation duration, bleeding and intensive care unit stay. The advantages of minimally invasive aortic valve operation included better postoperative ejection fraction (58+/-17 vs 51+/-10%, P=0.04), decreased pain score (3+/-2 vs 5+/-2, P=0.004), less transfusion (19 vs 55%, P=0.02), shorter duration of chest tube drainage, and cosmetically more acceptable surgical wound (6.8+/-2.2 vs 5.2+/-2.0, P=0.018). From our series, we could not find any negative effects of minimal access surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that aortic valve surgeries could be performed routinely by the minimally invasive approach with a high degree of effectiveness and safety.     

Outcomes after minimally invasive esophagomyotomy

Background. Thoracic surgeons traditionally performed thoracotomy and myotomy for achalasia. Recently minimally invasive approaches have been reported with good success. This report summarizes our single-institution experience using video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) or laparoscopy (LAP) for the treatment of achalasia.

Methods. A review of 62 patients undergoing minimally invasive myotomy for achalasia was performed. There were 27 male and 35 female patients. Mean age was 53 years (range 14 to 86). Thirty-seven (59.7%) had failed prior treatments (balloon dilation, botulinim toxin injection, or prior surgery). Outcomes studied were dysphagia score (1 = none, 5 = severe), Short-Form 36 quality of life (SF36 QOL) score, and heartburn-related QOL index (HRQOL).

Results. Surgery included myotomy and partial fundoplication (5 VATS and 57 LAP). Mortality was zero, and complications occurred in 9 (14.5%) patients. There were 6 perforations (4 repaired by LAP and 2 open). Median length of stay was 2 days, time to oral intake was 1 day. At a mean of 19 months follow-up, 92.5% of patients were satisfied with outcome. Dysphagia scores improved from 3.6 to 1.5 (p < 0.01) but 3 patients ultimately required esophagectomy for recurrent dysphagia. HRQOL scores for heartburn and SF-36 QOL scores were comparable with control populations.

Conclusions. Minimally invasive myotomy and partial fundoplication for achalasia improved dysphagia in 92.5% of patients with heartburn and QOL scores were comparable with normal values at 19-month follow-up. The laparoscopic approach offers excellent results and was the preferred approach by our thoracic group for treating achalasia. Thoracic residency training should strive to include laparoscopic esophageal experience.     

Diversification of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy and minimally invasive open videoscopically magnified parathyroidectomy with local anesthesia

With the expansion of minimally invasive parathyroid surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism, new approaches and techniques evolved, creating new surgical algorithms with consequences for indication for surgery and patient selection. The presented methods of selective, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy represent this development of diversification. Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) has advanced to bilateral exploration, avoiding preoperative localization other than ultrasonography. Furthermore, a new technique of minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy with the option of videoscopic magnification under local anesthesia (MIPLA) for localizable adenomas is introduced. A series of 103 patients were operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism using minimally invasive procedures: 87 with MIVAP and 16 with MIPLA. With MIVAP the conversion rate to cervicotomy for multiglandular disease or technical difficulties was 16% (n = 14). With MIPLA, conversion to general intubation anesthesia or additional sedation was necessary in four patients. A transient laryngeal nerve palsy was observed in one patient with MIVAP. Bilateral exploration was carried out during 29 MIVAPs and 2 MIPLAs. The duration of surgery differed, with a median 63 minutes for MIVAP and 39 minutes for MIPLA. Surgery under local anesthesia was completed in 4 patients with MIVAP and in 14 with MIPLA. All patients were cured of primary hyperparathyroidism. Preliminary results of diversified procedures demonstrate effects regarding omission of preoperative diagnostics, overall cost reduction, and increasing patient selection for selective parathyroid surgery because of primary hyperparathyroidism.     

Quality planning for minimally invasive procedures in neurosurgery.

Parallel to the introduction of a minimally invasive method in a department, a documentation system should be introduced for quality management. The first step of quality management of an innovation is quality planning. During the course of patients being treated neuroendoscopically, the pre- and postoperative imaging, the intraoperative video recording, the patient-relevant files and the data of the planning have to be documented. These amounts of data require a multimedial documentation concept.We found the CD-ROM as an optimal documentation media because the discs are both cheap and easily accessible and once stored extremely robust against external influences. Therefore, every neuroendoscopically treated patient is documented with all relevant pictures, files and video sequences on a single CD-ROM.     

丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼或氧化亚氮用于妇科腹腔镜诊疗手术麻醉苏醒的比较

目的对丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼或氧化亚氮用于妇科腹腔镜诊疗术后麻醉苏醒、早期拔管进行比较。方法选择ASAⅠ级,临床诊断不孕,拟于气管内插管的全麻下择期行腹腔镜检查及治疗的患者45例,随机分为三组:丙泊酚3μg/ml组(A组),丙泊酚2μg/ml组(B组)和氧化亚氮组(C组),每组15例。三组患者均为丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)给药诱导及术中维持麻醉,罗库溴铵维持肌松。A组:维持丙泊酚靶浓度3μg/ml不变,雷米芬太尼根据血液动力学变化按0~1μg.kg-1.min-1输注给药,维持血液动力学稳定。B组:维持丙泊酚靶浓度2μg/ml不变,同样通过调整雷米芬太尼的给药速度维持血液动力学稳定。C组:丙泊酚TCI诱导,气管内插管后伍用氧化亚氮吸入维持麻醉。呼气末氧化亚氮浓度保持(65±1)%,通过调整丙泊酚的靶浓度来维持血液动力学稳定。三组患者均在手术结束时同时停麻醉药。以停麻醉的时间为零点计时,记录呼患者睁眼时间、气管拔管时间及答问切题时间。结果在睁眼时间、拔管时间和答问切题时间三项观察指标中,各组之间差异均有极显著意义(P<0.01)。B组患者睁眼时间(4.5±2.1)min、拔管时间(5.4±2.3)min、答问切题时间(8.1±2.8)min最短,说明麻醉苏醒最快;C组分别为(11.6±3.4)、(12.7±3.6)、(20.2±4.5)min,患者苏醒最慢;A组分别为(8.7±2.9)、(10.0±3.2)、(14.5±3.8)min,处于中间。结论低浓度丙泊酚TCI(2μg/ml)复合雷米芬太尼用于妇科腹腔镜诊疗手术,可使患者术后清醒快,恢复迅速。