大型超市蟑螂综合防制效果观察

大型超市内适宜的温、湿度,丰富的食源以及隐蔽的栖息场所,为蟑螂孳生繁衍提供了良好的条件,因此,大型超市的蟑螂危害一般都较严重。为保障人民健康,做好蟑螂防制工作十分重要。现将2005年对某大型超市的蟑螂防制结果作一分析。1材料与方法1·1器械及药物超低容量喷雾器,烟雾机     

高档宾馆的蟑螂侵害与防制

目的：探讨高档宾馆蟑螂侵害情况及防制措施。方法：采用目测法、药驱法调查蟑螂侵害情况，用粘捕盒测定密度，同时进行化学防制。结果：调查12家高档宾馆，有蟑螂侵害的占41．7％，侵害场所包括餐饮、娱乐、客房、健身房等，以灶房密度最高。应用拜虫杀喷洒，杀灭率在87％以上。结论：高档宾馆中同样存在蟑螂危害，环境防制是治本措施，拜虫杀是有效防制药物。     

医院蟑螂防制措施的研究

目的为了有效杀灭和预防控制医院内蟑螂危害。方法采取药物和环境综合防制措施。结果防制前全院调查240间病房,有210间有蟑螂孳生,密度为2.10只/间,防制后蟑螂密度降至0.19只/间,杀灭率为90.25%。结论医院内蟑螂危害严重,要采取综合防制措施才可有效控制蟑螂。     

国际航行船舶蟑螂防制对策

目的:指导国际航行船舶蟑螂防制,保护人们健康。方法:对国际航行船舶的蟑螂栖息特点以及防制方法进行总结和研究。结果:国际航行船舶携带蟑螂的种类主要以德国小蠊为主,栖息的场所以厨房、餐厅、伙食库以及船员房间为主。防制方法有环境防制、物理防制、以及化学防制等。结论:国际航行船舶蟑螂防制要根据蟑螂的密度、不同场所、靠泊时间等情况依法采取有效综合防制措施。     

漯河市区基本消灭蟑螂综合防制研究

蟑螂,学名为蜚蠊,是列入“四害”之一的卫生害虫。其传播疾病,污染食品,咬啮药材及纺织品,损坏电器元件及线路,严重危害人类身体健康和居住环境,影响投资和对外开放,阻碍经济发展,是全国爱卫会列入重点消灭与控制的卫生害虫。漯河市区自1989年开展摸底调查后,开展了蟑螂的种类分布、季节消长、药物防制试验等多项专题研究,而后组织全市进行了长期全面的科学灭蟑螂工作,经过十余年的综合防制及监测,现已达到基本消灭蟑螂。兹将研究及防制结果报告如下。     

我国室内蟑螂种类分布和防制技术概况

蟑螂体外携带病原微生物 ,能传播以肠道传染病为主的各类疾病 ,在传病的作用方面除了机械性传播外 ,近年我国胡修元教授报道蟑螂的传病还有机械性和生物学性双重传播[1] 。为了达到对蟑螂危害的控制 ,保障人类身体健康 ,各国的媒介工作者根据当地的实际进行了包括生态习性等基础资料、防制手段等的研究。其研究的内容包括种群调查、种类鉴定、生活习性、地区分布、种群数量、危害程度、控制措施等。我国室内蟑螂的种类全世界已知蟑螂约 40 0 0多种 ,但大多为野栖 ,与人的关系不大。世界卫生组织 (ＷＨＯ)的生物媒介控制专家委员会的意见 ,与…     

城市行业单位蟑螂侵害现状调查

蟑螂为重要的城市卫生害虫,它危害居民的健康和城市卫生环境,控制蟑螂危害具有十分重要的现实意义。为了解沈阳市行业和单位的蟑螂侵害程度,种群密度等自然状况,为制定防制措施提供虫情信息,笔者于2002~2003年在全市五区开展了行业和单位的蟑螂侵害调查。1调查方法1·1调查范围     

医院病房大楼的蟑螂防制

医院病房大楼的蟑螂防制姜洪荣宋明亮李国武现代医院病房大楼的基础设施良好，温湿度常年趋向恒定，加之病员床头柜食源丰富，为蟑螂的滋生栖息提供了良好条件，侵害日趋严重。为此，我们开展了调查与防制工作。１蟑螂的侵害１．１方法采用目测法和药驱法，调查侵害情况；...     

徐州市蟑螂侵害变化及防制现状分析

蟑螂(cockroach)是世界性卫生害虫,它身上携带几十种细菌、病毒、霉菌和寄生虫卵等病原体,能传播多种疾病,危害人的健康〔1〕。为全面了解江苏省徐州市蟑螂侵害及防制现状,于2008-2010年对蟑螂的种群分布、季节消长、密度及侵害率进行了系统调查,并与1980年〔2〕和1995年〔3〕2次调查结果进行比较,分析徐州市蟑螂侵害的阶段性变化,为防制工作提供科学依据。     

上海铁路地区蟑螂防制对策研究

目的：通过对蟑螂种群、栖息环境和不同场所不同灭蟑方法灭效的调查研究,探讨铁路地区蟑螂防制对策;方法：采用以环境防制为主,加强监督监测、分类实施、重点防制等综合防制措施;结果：措施实施后2年各场所与实施前相比,蟑螂成、若虫密度分别降低85．91％～93．29％和95．63％～98．95％,卵鞘密度分别降低93．33％～100％和100％;结论：有效地控制了蟑螂孳生繁殖,产生了一定的社会和经济效益。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.