急性前循环大血管闭塞伴颈内动脉扭曲缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗

目的 探讨血管内治疗急性前循环大血管闭塞伴颈内动脉扭曲的缺血性脑卒中临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2016年10月至2019年10月在苏北人民医院接受血管内治疗的17例急性前循环大血管闭塞伴颈内动脉扭曲缺血性脑卒中患者临床资料.记录手术时间(股动脉穿刺至再灌注时间)、闭塞部位.采用改良溶栓治疗脑梗死(mTICI)血流分级评...     

锁骨下动脉闭塞机械再通的方法研究

目的研究锁骨下动脉闭塞血管内机械再通方法和疗效。方法选择32例症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞患者行血管内机械再通治疗,观察再通率及疗效。结果32例锁骨下动脉闭塞患者中,用不同方法成功完成血管内机械再通后行血管内支架成形术,术后全部患者后循环缺血症状和上肢缺血症状明显改善。结论采用适当方法行机械再通治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞安全、可行。     

Carotid ophthalmic aneurysm rupture after parent vessel occlusion

We report causes leading to and rupture of a carotid ophthalmic aneurysm after treatment by parent vessel occlusion. The aneurysm was initially symptomatic but unruptured.     

Transcatheter vessel occlusion: Selection of methods and materials

Transcatheter vessel occlusion (TCVO) is increasingly used for control of hemorrhage, palliative and preoperative tumor embolization, organ function ablation, and obliteration of arteriovenous fistulae and malformations. Methods for TCVO include transcather electrocoagulation, “staining” with contrast, the use of balloon-tipped catheters, and embolization. The choice of method and material depends on whether proximal occlusion of feeding vessels or arteriocapillary occlusion is desired, the vascular anatomy of the lesion, the safety with which the lesion can be embolized, and the type of lesion being treated. Embolization is the most frequently employed modality. Available materials include autologous tissue, absorbable hemostatics, synthetic particulates, and liquid polymers. Each material has advantages and disadvantages that make it desirable in certain situations and less useful in others. Complications of TCVO may be disastrous, but can be avoided with careful attention to detail. The specific features of the lesion determine the choice of materials and techniques.     

Parent vessel occlusion for vertebrobasilar fusiform and dissecting aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous reports of outcome with permanent vessel occlusion (PVO) for large, giant, or fusiform aneurysms in the posterior circulation have been limited. We undertook this study to evaluate the perioperative (within 30 days) and follow-up outcomes for patients treated with permanent occlusion of the vertebral artery for vertebrobasilar fusiform and dissecting aneurysms. METHODS: Thirteen consecutive patients were studied. Two groups were defined for the study. Group I patients underwent PVO to achieve complete thrombosis of the aneurysm. Group II patients underwent PVO to reduce flow to the aneurysm where complete thrombosis was not desirable. Modified Rankin scores were obtained at presentation and at follow-up (follow-up range, 1-76 months; mean, 22.0 months). RESULTS: All group I aneurysms were shown to be thrombosed on the angiograms obtained at the immediate follow-up examinations. Improvement in outcome scores was achieved by all group I patients. Improvement in Rankin scores after endovascular treatment was statistically significant (P =.026). All group II patients had complete occlusion of the vertebral artery; however, continued filling of the fusiform aneurysm was still observed. Four patients in group II died during the follow-up period. Two of these deaths were attributable to the aneurysms. Of the remaining three patients, two experienced clinical worsening and one remained stable. CONCLUSION: In this series, PVO for chronic fusiform and acute dissecting aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system proved to be a useful therapeutic endovascular technique. Long-term outcomes suggest that patients with aneurysms involving only one vertebral artery, where complete thrombosis can be achieved, have better clinical outcomes than those who have aneurysms involving the basilar artery or both vertebral arteries, where complete thrombosis cannot achieved by using PVO.     

Endovascular occlusion of high-flow intracranial arteriovenous shunts: technical note

Endovascular closure of high-flow arteriovenous (AV) shunts in intracranial AV malformations or pial fistulas is technically challenging. In this paper, we illustrate two simple methods to occlude large high-flow AV shunts in a controlled manner.     

Endovascular therapy for acute thrombotic occlusion of the intracranial artery

The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endovascular therapy for acute thrombotic occlusion. Six patients with acute thrombotic occlusion in the middle cerebral or basilar arteries underwent treatment with intra-arterial thrombolysis, followed by assessment of residual stenosis. If residual stenosis was greater than 70%, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed in the same session; otherwise, patients were anticoagulated, and PTA was performed several days later. Successful recanalization was achieved in five of six patients. One patient died of massive infarction, because of the failure of recanalization of the M1 segment. At discharge, modified Rankin scale distribution of the patients was: grade 0, one patient; grade 1, one patient; grade 2, two patients; grade 3, one patient; grade 6, one patient. Retreatment was required via PTA or stenting in two patients in which type C stenosis was present. In conclusion, endovascular therapy for acute thrombotic occlusion of an intracranial artery appears to be effective compared to conservative therapy. However, further refinement of the technique is required to prevent various complications, including vessel perforation, dissection, perforating artery occlusion and restenosis.     

介入治疗右锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞的技术与疗效评价

目的 评价右锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞介入治疗技术与疗效.方法 8例右锁骨下动脉狭窄和9例闭塞患者,原发病14例动脉硬化、3例大动脉炎,男13例、女4例,平均年龄(56±11)岁,接受介入开通治疗.经股或联合经右肱动脉途径入路行动脉闭塞段的开通、球囊扩张及支架置入.其中6例应用颈动脉脑保护装置.结果 1例双向均未开通闭塞段,16例获得成功治疗.手术成功的患者中,狭窄和闭塞患者各8例,5例行单纯球囊扩张、11例球囊扩张后行支架置入,术后即刻血流通畅.完成治疗后6例脑保护装置均安全回收,无脑梗死事件发生.手术后随访1～ 66个月,平均(24±18)个月.术后10个月1例(置入支架者)再狭窄,球囊扩张后狭窄开通;1例大动脉炎患者术后18个月死于脑梗死;其余患者均无缺血症状再发,超声及CTA检查(9例患者)SA血流均通畅.结论 球囊扩张及支架置入可安全、有效解决右锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞病变.     

Endovascular recanalization of internal carotid artery occlusion in acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: Endovascular therapy (ET) of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis is equivalent to carotid endarterectomy for stroke prevention; however, patients with ICA occlusion and acute symptoms are traditionally not candidates for ET. We report our experience in endovascular recanalization of acute stroke patients with ICA occlusion. PATIENTS AND TECHNIQUES: We reviewed our registry for acute stroke patients treated with ET who had (1) ICA occlusion by digital subtraction angiography (thrombolysis in myocardial ischemia=0) with location of type II (above ophthalmic artery involving M1 or A1 but not both) or type III (proximal to the ophthalmic artery but distal to the bifurcation); (2) acute stroke symptoms from the index lesion presenting 3 hours after onset of symptoms; (3) minimal ischemic changes on brain CT scan (less than one third of the MCA territory); (4) attempted ET. Neuroradiologists reviewed angiograms for thrombolysis in cerebral infarction. A blinded vascular neurologist reviewed post-procedural brain imaging for Alberta Stroke Program Early CT (ASPECT) scoring. Outcome scales were assessed. RESULTS: We identified 14 patients, 10 of whom were men (mean age, 58 +/- 14 years; median age, 54 years; age range, 40-74 years). There were 8 left ICA occlusions, 3 type II; and 6 right ICA occlusions, one type II. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 17 (range, 11-25; mean, 18 +/- 4.9). Mean time to ET was 389 +/- 103 minutes (median, 306 minutes; range, 197-1290 minutes). Immediate recanalization occurred in 64%. Decrease in expected stroke volume by brain imaging occurred in 50% with mean ASPECT score of 4 +/- 2.9 (median, 3; range, 0-8; 21% > or = 8). Two hemorrhages occurred, one symptomatic; 3 patients died. Good outcome was achieved in 64% of cases. CONCLUSION: Endovascular therapy of carotid occlusion in hyperacute stroke patients is feasible and may help to reduce stroke volume and increase good outcome in some patients.     

Detachable stainless-steel spider. A new device for vessel occlusion

A new device for transcatheter vessel occlusion consists of a stainless-steel spider which can be screwed onto a threaded guide wire. Since the spider can be retrieved after it is extruded from the catheter, accurate placement is possible. The device was tested in the aorta and pulmonary artery of dogs. The spider blocked the movement of steel coils and wool streamers and occluded the vessel. This device is particularly useful for occlusion of large arteriovenous fistulas in the lungs.     

椎动脉开口闭塞合并椎基底动脉急性闭塞的血管内治疗策略

目的：探讨椎动脉开口闭塞合并椎基底动脉急性闭塞的血管内治疗策略、临床疗效及安全性。 方法：选取2014年6月—2017年7月我院收治的8例合并椎动脉开口闭塞的急性后循环大血管闭塞患者。采取经股动脉常规途径、经股动脉及肱动脉途径、结合椎动脉内膜剥脱途径联合Solitaire支架取栓开通血管。分析血管开通前后的改良TIMI灌注分级、入院与出院NIHSS评分、90 d后的mRS评分。 结果：血管内治疗策略及血管开通情况：经股动脉常规途径行血管内治疗5例,经股动脉及肱动脉途径2例,结合椎动脉内膜剥脱开通血管1例。2例患者闭塞椎动脉开口未能开通,手术失败;6例患者椎动脉以及基底动脉获得良好开通;出院时NIHSS评分（11.88±7.06）明显低于入院NIHSS评分（30.75±8.21）,差异有统计学意义（t=3.297,P=0.013）。死亡2例,步行出院4例。90 d随访临床结果显示优良5例（mRS为0~2分）,1例患者中度残障,mRS评分3分。 结论：多种血管内治疗途径能使合并椎动脉开口闭塞的急性后循环闭塞大血管获得较好的再通率,显著改善后循环急性缺血性脑卒中患者的预后。     

Endovascular recanalization of acute atherothrombotic carotid artery occlusion holds up progressive stroke

In acute carotid artery occlusion, hemodynamic compromise in addition to artery–artery thromboembolism is the mechanism of ischemia that may lead to a progressive clinical course with enlarging infarcts. The natural course of carotid artery occlusion with a progressive stroke is unfavorable with only about 10% of patients making a good recovery. We report on two patients in whom emergency recanalization of acute carotid artery occlusion with self-expanding stents restored cerebral blood flow and held up progressive stroke.There are no potential conflicts of interest.     

Endovascular treatment of congenital portal vein fistulas with the Amplatzer occlusion device

Two patients with symptomatic congenital portal vein (PV) fistulas (one case of PV-right hepatic vein fistula and one case of PV-inferior vena cava fistula) causing hepatopulmonary syndrome (hepatic dysfunction, lung vascular alteration in the form of arteriovenous shunts, and hypoxemia) were successfully treated with the Amplatzer patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion device. This device was chosen in light of the anatomic characteristics of the vascular malformations and the specific properties of the prosthesis, especially those related to relocation and retrievability when not properly positioned. Embolization with an Amplatzer PDA occlusion device should be considered as a useful therapeutic alternative in the treatment of congenital portal fistulas that can obviate complex surgeries.