原发性肝癌伴门脉高压的肝脾联合栓塞对肝功能的影响

目的　分析经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (TACE)及部分脾栓塞术 (PSE)联合治疗对原发性肝癌 (HCC)患者的肝功能影响。方法　原发性肝癌合并门脉高压及脾功能亢进患者 85例 ,4 5例经TACE及PSE联合治疗 ,4 0例单纯行TACE治疗。治疗前后观察肝功能指标及Child Pugh评分变化。结果　术前 ,A、B两组患者的TBIL、ALT、ALB及Child Pugh评分比较无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,术后 1周与术前比较 ,两组均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1) ;长期观察 ,TACE加PSE组治疗前后肝功能改善较单纯TACE组明显。结论　TACE联合PSE是治疗肝癌合并门脉高压及脾亢患者安全、有效的方法。     

动脉化疗栓塞联合CIK细胞过继免疫治疗对中晚期肝癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的 分析肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)过继免疫治疗对中晚期肝癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的影响及临床意义.方法 回顾天津肿瘤医院136例中晚期原发性肝癌患者(均为TACE术后,经影像学检查显示无远处转移)资料,依据治疗方式分为两组:TACE联合CIK治疗67例为研究组,单纯TA...     

TACE治疗78例巨块型肝癌临床疗效观察

目的:观察TACE治疗巨块型肝癌的疗效。方法:78例不宜手术切除的巨块型肝癌患者,使用Seldinger技术,分别行多次(1⁹次)TACE治疗。根据术前术后CT或MRI表现、DSA表现、血清AFP值及生存期来评估TACE术后的疗效。结果:78例术中造影均表现为肝脏肿瘤血管丰富及巨大肿瘤染色灶,术后肝功能均于4周内基本恢复至术前或正常水平。术后3个月54例AFP值较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肿瘤体积缩小达10%9次)TACE治疗。根据术前术后CT或MRI表现、DSA表现、血清AFP值及生存期来评估TACE术后的疗效。结果:78例术中造影均表现为肝脏肿瘤血管丰富及巨大肿瘤染色灶,术后肝功能均于4周内基本恢复至术前或正常水平。术后3个月54例AFP值较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肿瘤体积缩小达10%⁵0%者38例(48.7%),其中3例行2期外科手术切除术;肿瘤体积无明显进展者34例(43.6%);5例病灶持续进展。总体TACE术后6个月、12个月、24个月、36个月生存率分别为84.2%、71.6%、47.3%、25.7%。结论:TACE治疗能有效控制肝癌病灶进展,延长患者生存期,提高生活质量,对中晚期巨块型肝癌的治疗有重要意义。     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉介入治疗原发性肝癌的免疫效应研究

目的通过比较单纯氩氦刀治疗、单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗（TACE）和氩氦刀联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌前、后的甲胎蛋白（AFP）及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,探讨氩氦刀联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法①将99例原发性肝癌患者随机分为3组,氩氦刀治疗组（A组）、TACE组（B组）和联合组（C组）,3组患者性别、年龄、病理比较差异无统计学意义,有可比性。②通过治疗前、后AFP及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群测定评价。结果3组治疗后与治疗前AFP比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;C组与A、B组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组治疗后T淋巴细胞哑群（Th、Ts及Th／Ts）与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;C组与A、B组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论从AFP及T淋巴细胞弧群指标分析,氩氦刀联合TACE治疗组AFP下降和T淋巴细胞亚群变化好于其他单纯治疗组。     

经肝动脉小剂量栓塞化疗联合经皮乙酸灭活对巨块型肝癌疗效的评价(附28例报道)

目的评价经肝动脉小剂量栓塞化疗(TACE)联合经皮乙酸注射(PAI)治疗巨块型肝癌的疗效。方法28例巨块型肝癌患者,首次行常规剂量TACE治疗,重复TACE治疗采用小剂量(10mg丝裂霉素与碘油乳化栓塞),术后1周CT复查,依据碘油的充盈状况,对碘油稀疏和缺损区域进行PAI治疗。观察其治疗后的生存率,肿块的变化及术后肝功能、α-FP、副反应情况。结果28例患者术后1a,2a,3a累积生存率分别为96.4%,78.6%,32.1%,全部患者的肿块缩小。结论小剂量TACE联合PAI治疗巨块型肝癌能明显提高患者的生存率,术后肝功能损伤小,副反应少。     

TACE联合RFA 治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的：探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合超声引导下射频消融（RFA）治疗肝癌的临床疗效。方法100例原发性肝癌患者,按治疗方法不同分为两组：联合治疗组45例,即为采用TACE联合超声引导下RFA ,单用 TACE组只进行T ACE治疗55例。随访并比较两组的1、2、3年生存率。结果45例联合治疗组患者共接受治疗187次,其中T A‐CE治疗113次,RFA治疗74次。55例单独TACE组共接受治疗196次。经过首次治疗后1个月,联合组肿瘤完全坏死率为73％,单用TACE组肿瘤完全坏死率为38％,两组坏死率有统计学差异（ P ＝0．001）。随访2～35月,平均19个月,单用T ACE组1、2、3年生存率分别为70％,50％,11％;联合治疗组1、2、3年生存率分别为90％,82％,67％,两组间差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。两组患者术后主要并发症为发热、肝区疼痛、肝功能下降、少量胸腔积液,其发生率两组间无统计学差异。结论 TACE联合RFA 治疗原发性肝癌比单用TACE治疗的疗效更好。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术对原发性肝癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)前后原发性肝癌(PHC)患者T细胞亚群的变化。方法采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测PHC患者TACE术前1 d与术后1、2、3和4周外周血CD3、CD4、CD8 T细胞及CD4/CD8、CD4CD25/CD4的比值变化。结果 PHC患者术前外周血T细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8比值显著低于健康对照组,CD8则明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05);治疗1周后外周血T细胞亚群指标较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),而4周后外周血T细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8及CD4/CD8比值较治疗前显著增高(P<0.05)。PLC患者外周血中CD4CD25/CD4 T细胞的比例显著高于健康对照组,与术前比较,术后1、2周外周血CD4CD25/CD4 T细胞的比例明显升高,术后4周外周血CD4CD25/CD4 T细胞的比例显著下降。结论 TACE可以改善PHC患者的免疫状况。     

T淋巴细胞亚群及NK 细胞变化与原发性肝癌预后的关系

肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来我们采用经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合射频消融（RFA）术治疗原发性肝癌取得了较满意的疗效。文献报道,肝癌的发生、发展与机体的免疫状态密切相关引,本研究采用流式细胞仪（FCM）分析40例肝癌患者TACE和RFA治疗后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞水平,探讨其与肝癌预后的关系。     

经肝动脉栓塞化疗与激光消融术联合治疗原发性肝癌

目的研究原发性肝癌的综合性介入治疗方法和疗效。方法对A组38例原发性肝癌患者，采用经肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术(TACE)，使用药物为吡柔比星(THP)50mg 丝裂霉素(MMC)10mg 卡铂(CBP)300mg 超化碘油。3～5次疗程后，全部病人在CT引导下行激光消融术。与B组38例原发性肝癌患者，仅行经肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术。使用药物也为THP50mg MMC10mg CBP300mg 超化碘油，行3～8个疗程。治疗后复查二组患者的CT、甲胎蛋白(AFP)值及肝功能。结果A组治疗后肿瘤完全坏死率为85．4％。32例AFP值升高的患者，28例下降，3例不变，1例上升。治疗后第1、2年生存率分别为100％、81．5％。B组治疗后肿瘤完全坏死率为41．6％，28例AFP值升高患者中，下降12例，不变5例，上升11例。治疗后第1、2年生存率分别为68．4％、39．4％。两组肿瘤完全坏死率、AFP值的下降情况及第1、2年生存率的差异均有显著意义(其相应P值皆为0．001)。结论TACE联合激光消融术能有效地提高原发性肝癌的治疗效果，是1种值得推广的肝癌治疗的新模式。     

TACE对原发性肝癌患者的肝功能影响及相关因素分析

目的:评价TACE对原发性肝癌患者肝功能的影响,并探讨相关影响因素。方法:回顾性分析经TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者103例,比较术前、术后1周的总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(UNBIL)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)的变化情况。对肝功能各项指标TACE前后的变化采用配对样本t检验。并根据TACE前后ChildPugh分级改变,分别对患者性别、年龄、术前肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、病灶数目、有无假包膜、是否外科术后、术中碘油用量、超选择栓塞肿瘤供血支与否、有无癌栓、乙肝表面抗原阳性与否及TACE次数等相关因素进行卡方检验、二元Logistic回归模型多因素分析。结果:术后1周内TBIL、DBIL、UNBIL升高,TP、ALB、PA降低,与术前相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后1周Child-Pugh分级改变者为29例26.16%,假包膜、门静脉癌栓、TACE次数及超选择栓塞肿瘤供血支与否经卡方检验及二元Logistic回归模型多因素分析,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:原发性肝癌患者经TACE治疗可引起近期肝功能损害,主要影响因素为TACE次数、门静脉癌栓、超选择栓塞肿瘤供血支与否、有无假包膜。     

华蟾素联合化学药物经动脉灌注栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的价值探讨

目的探讨华蟾素联合化学药物经动脉灌注栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法144例HbsAg阳性肝癌患者,A组76例采用动脉灌注(TAI)华蟾素100 m l、顺铂、5-氟脲嘧啶及阿霉素碘化油乳剂栓塞(TAE);B组68例采用顺铂、5-氟脲嘧啶及阿霉素碘化油乳剂动脉灌注栓塞(TACE)。结果A组有效率(PR+MR)86.84%,淋巴细胞转化率(LTT)、T细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+细胞百分比及CD4+/CD8+比值上升,血清HBV DNA 21例下降、46例不变、9例上升,而外周血白细胞计数无显著变化;1、2年生存率分别为86.84%(66/76)和71.05%(54/76);B组有效率(PR+MR)72.73%,LTT、T细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+细胞百分比及CD4+/CD8+比值下降,血清HBV DNA 2例下降、20例不变、46例上升,外周血白细胞计数下降;1、2年生存率分别72.73%(48/68)和54.41%(37/68)。2组近期有效率、T细胞亚群变化、HBV DNA变化及生存率的差异均有显著意义。结论应用华蟾素联合化学药物经动脉灌注栓塞治疗原发性肝癌,对改善患者生存质量及提高生存期有重要价值。     

Correlation of Multislice CT and Histomorphology in HCC Following TACE: Predictors of Outcome

The purpose of this study was to correlate histopathological with CT findings in patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) eligible for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), with a special focus on the antitumoral effect of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy. A total of 42 consecutive patients suffering from HCC had been treated prior to OLT by means of TACE. TACE was carried out with a mixture of Lipiodol (10-20 ml) and mitomycin C (max. dosage, 10 mg). TACE was performed at 6- to 8-week intervals. Follow-up investigation included contrast-enhanced multislice CT controls and laboratory control. Liver explants were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically to determine the number and size of the tumor lesions as well as the degree of tumor necrosis. Necrosis was investigated in H&E-stained sections. The degree of necrosis was classified as follows: 0-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 75-99%, and complete necrosis. Two hundred thirty-one TACE procedures (5.5 +/- 2.9; range, 1-14) were performed. Mean tumor size in CT before and after TACE was 4.1 +/- 2.4 (range, 1.0-12.0 cm) and 2.7 +/- 1.2 (range, 1.0-6.0 cm; p < 0.001). Mean tumor number before and after TACE in CT was 2.5 +/- 1.5 (n = 105; range, 1-8) and 2.4 +/- 2.0 (n = 103; range, 1-6; p = 0.99). In the surgical specimen tumor size and tumor number were 2.8 +/- 1.6 (range, 1.0-7.0 cm; p = 0.78) and 1.9 +/- 1.2 (range, 1-7; p = 0.003). Mean tumor necrosis was 67.8% +/- 28.1%. Tumor necrosis was subtotal or complete in 17 of 42 (40.5%) patients. Tumor necrosis correlated significantly with the degree of arterial devascularization in CT (p = 0.001), the amount of Lipiodol washout (p = 0.002), and the number of tumor lesions (i.e., unifocal vs. multifocal). Furthermore, elevated serum levels of bilirubin (p = 0.005) and decreased albumin (p = 0.004) affected the local antitumoral effect. A poor necrosis rate (< 25%) significantly correlated with the number of TACE procedures accomplished (p = 0.023). In conclusion, TACE provided an acceptable local antitumoral effect in patients scheduled for liver transplantation. Tumor necrosis depended significantly on the degree of arterial devascularization and the accumulation of Lipiodol within the HCC lesions. Unifocal tumors and preserved liver function were positive predictors for a more favorable local antitumoral effect. Poor necrosis rates were found in patients with significant Lipiodol washout and who received a limited number of TACE procedures.     

Palliative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by chemoembolization

Purpose: The efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and the correlation between iodized oil uptake pattern and tumor response were investigated in cases with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Material and Methods: TACE, using sequential intra-arterial doxorubicin, mitomycin, iodized oil and gelatin sponge particles, was used to treat patients with inoperable HCC localized to the liver. One hundred and two patients (aged 16-80) were treated in this manner from 1995 to 2001. The objective response was determined by sequential CT. Iodized oil uptake pattern as well as the relationship between uptake pattern and tumor response was evaluated in each case.Results: The one-year survival rate was 46%. Tumor response was found to be better in cases with dense and peripheral iodized oil uptake in comparison to those displaying scarce and patchy iodized oil uptake.Conclusion: TACE is an efficient and safe palliative treatment for inoperable HCC with prolonged survival and good life quality. Iodized oil uptake pattern can be considered a good prognostic marker.     

肝细胞癌化疗栓塞方法和肿瘤坏死

目的 评价地细胞癌肿瘤坏死与经动脉化疗栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ０方法的关系。材料与方法 观察１１７例手术观察的肝细胞癌肿块坏死和增长率,其中单纯手术５８例,４种ＴＡＣＥ后Ⅱ期手术切除５９例。结果 肝细胞癌ＴＡＣＥ后环死较自发坏死严重、范围广（Ｐ〈０．０１）,坏死程度和愉体积变化与ＴＡＣＥ方法密切相关（多全塞较单材料栓塞、单纯化疗改变明显,Ｐ〈０．０１）,但与ＴＡＣＥ和手术切除间期无显著相关（Ｐ〉０．０５）,     

Effect of preoperative radiological treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation: A retrospective study

Purpose: To assess the results of radiological treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) performed before orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods: Sixty-two transplanted patients with a total of 89 HCC nodules were studied; 50 lesions in 38 patients had been treated prior to OLT with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE; n= 29), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI; n= 10), or combined therapy (TACE + PEI; n= 11). The induced necrosis was pathologically evaluated. The recurrence rate after OLT in the treated group of patients (n= 38) was compared with that in the non-treated group (n= 24). Results: After TACE, necrosis was complete in 7 of 29 lesions (24.1%), partial in 11 of 29 (37.9%), and absent in 11 of 29 (37.9%). After PEI, necrosis was complete in 8 of 10 lesions (80%), and partial in 2 of 10 (20%). Using combined therapy, necrosis was complete in 11 of 11 lesions (100%). Four of 24 untreated and 4 of 38 treated patients did not survive OLT from causes not related to the HCC; 3 of 20 non-treated patients (15%) and 4 of 34 treated patients (11.8%) had post-OLT recurrence (these last four patients had undergone only TACE and did not have tumor necrosis at pathological examination). Conclusion: TACE of HCC prior to OLT had no influence on the recurrence rate. PEI and combined therapy (TACE + PEI) may be recommended in patients awaiting OLT.     

Review on transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: palliative, combined, neoadjuvant, bridging, and symptomatic indications

The current review provides an overview on the palliative, combined, neoadjuvant, bridging, and symptomatic indications of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is based on an analysis of the current literature and the experience of the authors on the topic. Chemoembolization combines the infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs with particle embolization. Tumor ischemia raises the drug concentration compared to infusion alone, extends the retention of the chemotherapeutic agent and reduces systemic toxicity. Palliatively, TACE is performed to control symptoms and prolong survival in HCC patients; in some indications TACE allows a local tumor control of 18-63%. For combined indications, excellent results were achieved by combined therapies, such as percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)/TACE, radiofrequency ablation (RF)/TACE, and laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT)/TACE. As a neoadjuvant therapy prior to liver resection TACE showed 70% tumor control. Though debatable, TACE still plays a role as a bridging tool before liver transplantation. Symptomatic indication of TACE in ruptured HCC showed 83-100% control of bleeding but survival was poor. Thus, TACE represents an important therapeutic tool against HCC in general in addition to its special role in cases of unresectable HCC.     

肝动脉栓塞及经皮注射乙醇治疗肝癌的研究

目的；比较肝动脉灌注化疗及栓塞（TACE）加经皮注射无水乙醇（PEI）与单纯TACE治疗有包膜，单个，大病灶原发性肝癌的疗效。资料与方法：45例原发性肝癌患者随机分成A，B两组。A组（n=23)在预先经导TACE治疗后，在B超引导下行PEI治疗。B组（n=22)单纯TACE治疗。结果：TACE组肿瘤治疗的部分缓解率仅为9％，1，2，3年生存率分别为59％，32％和0％；病灶完全坏死率为0％（0／5），相比之下，TACE＋PEI组肿瘤治疗的部分缓解率增加到40％（P＜0．05），1，2，3年生存率分别为88％，56％和21％（P＜0．05）；病灶完全坏死率为67％（4／6）。结论PEI＋TACE对有包膜的单个大病灶肝癌的治疗是安全，有效的，对这一部分患者进行二期切除手术也是有好处的。     

Review on transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: Palliative,combined, neoadjuvant,bridging, and symptomatic indications

The current review provides an overview on the palliative, combined, neoadjuvant, bridging, and symptomatic indications of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is based on an analysis of the current literature and the experience of the authors on the topic. Chemoembolization combines the infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs with particle embolization. Tumor ischemia raises the drug concentration compared to infusion alone, extends the retention of the chemotherapeutic agent and reduces systemic toxicity. Palliatively, TACE is performed to control symptoms and prolong survival in HCC patients; in some indications TACE allows a local tumor control of 18–63%. For combined indications, excellent results were achieved by combined therapies, such as percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)/TACE, radiofrequency ablation (RF)/TACE, and laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT)/TACE. As a neoadjuvant therapy prior to liver resection TACE showed 70% tumor control. Though debatable, TACE still plays a role as a bridging tool before liver transplantation. Symptomatic indication of TACE in ruptured HCC showed 83–100% control of bleeding but survival was poor. Thus, TACE represents an important therapeutic tool against HCC in general in addition to its special role in cases of unresectable HCC.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合同步DSA-CT引导下射频消融治疗大肝癌的临床研究

目的评估肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合同步DSA-CT引导下射频消融（RFA）治疗大肝癌（肿瘤最大直径≥5 cm）的安全性和疗效。 方法2010年1月～2012年3月21例原发性肝细胞癌患者接受同步联合治疗。术后定期进行影像学检查并复查甲胎蛋白,评估联合技术成功率、局部肿瘤治疗反应、无疾病复发时间、患者存活情况和技术相关并发症。 结果技术成功率100%,无重要并发症发生。介入术后1个月复查,病灶完全缓解19例（19/21,90.48%）、部分缓解2例（2/21,9.52%）。肿瘤坏死以凝固性坏死为主。在局部灭活肿瘤方面,单结节型完全坏死率（17/17,100%）高于多结节性病灶(2/4,50.00%;P=0.034）。随访2～28个月,19例完全缓解者平均无疾病复发时间为（11.8±6.0）个月。21例患者6、12、18个月生存率均为100%。 结论TACE联合同步DSA-CT引导下RFA治疗大肝癌安全、有效。局部肿瘤灭活方面,单结节型病灶优于多结节病灶。     

经膈下动脉介入化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌

目的观察膈下动脉形成肝癌侧枝血供的因素和几率。方法在对137例患者介入治疗中,造影寻找膈下动脉,并超选形成肿瘤血供的膈下动脉,进行化疗栓塞。结果137例患者中有21例经膈下动脉介入治疗(占15.3%),其中原发性肝癌手术切除后复发2例(9.5%),首次介入治疗出现膈下动脉供血3例(14.3%),2次或多次介入治疗后出现膈下动脉供血16例(76.2%)。结论膈下动脉是原发性肝癌的最重要侧枝供血动脉,经膈下动脉介入化疗栓塞原发性肝癌成功率高而且并发症少。