后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床评价

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析了2006年10月～2010年10月在我院行后腹腔镜或开放手术治疗的46例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料，对两种手术方法的术中术后情况进行了分析。结果后腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、术中血压心率波动率均显著低于开放手术组，相比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；后腹腔镜组术后入ICu率和引流时间显著低于开放手术组，相比较有显著性差异（P〈O．05）；而两组大部分患者术后血压均获得改善，切口脂肪液化发生率低，两组相比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论术前充分准备的基础上行后腹腔镜嗜铬细胞瘤切除术是安全有效的。     

腹腔镜与开放性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术对呼吸与循环功能影响的比较

目的：观察比较腹腔镜手术与开放性手术切除肾上腺功能性嗜铬细胞瘤患者围手术期呼吸，循环功能变化的差异，为开展经腹腔和后腹腔腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤提供依据。方法：选择经腹腔及经后腹腔腹腔镜手术（A组）与开放性手术（B组）治疗的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者与各6例，分别于手术开始，充气后（B组为术中探要），分离肿瘤，肿瘤切除及术毕各10min时检测两组患者心率（HR），平均动脉压（MAP），中心静脉压（CVP），气道压（Paw)，每分通气量（V E），并抽血检测血气指标。结果：两组间PacO2差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），在PH，PaO2,Paw,VE,HR,MASR,CVP指标上虽有一定差异，但差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05），结论：只要正确选择手术适应证经腹腔和后腹腔腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺功能性嗜铬细胞瘤是可行的。     

腹腔镜嗜铬细胞瘤切除术治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的安全性及有效性评估

目的 探讨腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的手术疗效及安全性.方法 选取2004年1月至2009年11月在山东省立医院泌尿微创中心的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者65例,其中32例采用开放肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术,33例采用腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术;回顾性分析了相关指标,包括术中是否出现血压剧烈波动,设定≥50 mmHg为剧烈波动,手术时间、术中出血、输血例数、引流量、引流管留置时间、手术切口长度等指标,比较两组的手术疗效有无统计学差异并评价腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的有效性及安全性.结果 对于直径≤10 cm的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,腹腔镜组与开放组在手术疗效上无明显差异,但腹腔镜组的平均手术时间、平均出血量、平均输血例数、平均引流管留置时间、平均手术切口长度等指标均明显低于开放组.结论 腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术与开放手术比较.手术疗效无统计学差异,但是前者具有痛苦少、创伤小、手术时间短、术后恢复快等优点,采用腹腔镜切除肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤是一种非常有效的手术方法.尤其对于肿瘤偏小、黏连较轻的病例,腹腔镜手术优势越明显.     

腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤16例报告

目的:评价腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的应用价值。方法:回顾分析为16例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者行腹膜后腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果:16例手术均获成功,无手术并发症发生。除2例血压高外,余术后临床症状和体征均消失,激素水平恢复正常。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜手术可作为治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的首选术式。术前充分的扩容和降压、术中熟练的腹腔镜操作技术及与麻醉师的良好配合是保证腹膜后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术顺利完成的必要条件。     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术与开放手术患者血压变化的对比研究

目的:对比分析腹膜后腹腔镜与开放肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术中患者血压的变化,评价腹膜后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的安全价值.方法:回顾性分析2008年9月至2011年2月为26例患者行单侧腹膜后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术(腹腔镜组)和19例单侧开放性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术(开放组)的临床资料,对比两组患者术中血压的变化(...     

后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的疗效评估

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾分析2009年1月至2013年12月68例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料,其中33例行开放肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术(开放组),35例行后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术(后腹腔镜组),观察手术相关指标,包括术中是否出现血压剧烈波动、手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、拔除引流管时间、术后住院时间等。结果:68例手术均获成功,后腹腔镜组手术时间、出血量、引流管拔除时间及术中血压剧烈波动例数等明显优于开放组(P<0.05)。结论:后腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、患者痛苦少、康复快等优势,是治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤安全、有效的术式。     

达芬奇机器人与不同入路传统腹腔镜在肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术中的围手术期比较

目的:探讨3种手术方式在肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术中的临床应用价值,提高肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月—2019年12月在我院手术治疗的186例嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料,比较经腹腔、经后腹腔和机器人辅助腹腔镜手术在围术期的各项数据。结果:经后腹腔组在手术时间、术后恢复进食及术后引流液量方面均优于经腹腔组;而在术中血压波动、中转开放率、失血量及术后拔除引流管时间方面,二者无明显差异;经腹机器人手术组在手术时间和切除巨大肿瘤方面优于经腹腔组。结论:经后腹腔行腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的手术时间短、患者恢复快,可作为肿瘤体积较小(5 cm)患者优先选择的手术方式;机器人手术因精细度高,操作灵活更适合肿瘤体积较大的复杂性嗜铬细胞瘤患者。     

后腹腔镜治疗12例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤回顾分析

目的评估后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的实用性。方法对12例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者行后腹腔镜手术治疗。平均直径3.6cm（2.5～6.2cm）,左侧5例,右侧7例。结果 12例手术均获成功、无手术并发症、术后临床症状和体征消失。平均手术时间为62±16min,平均出血量为58±13ml;瘤体直径为4.4±2.1cm。术后病理均证实为嗜铬细胞瘤。平均随访1.2年,除2例血压仍高外,其余患者临床症状和体征消失,生化检查24h尿儿茶酚胺（肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺）及香草扁桃酸（VMA）均恢复正常。结论后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤不失为一种可靠、安全的手术方法。术前充分的扩容和降压、术中熟练的操作及与麻醉师的良好配合是保证肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术顺利完成的必要条件。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗老年嗜铬细胞瘤临床分析（附12例报告）

目的探讨后腹腔镜下手术治疗老年肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床应用价值。方法 12例老年肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者,先经个体化围手术期准备后,再行后腹腔镜手术治疗,然后观察其治疗效果和安全性。结果 12例患者肿瘤均被完整切除,术后经病理确诊为肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤。手术过程顺利,手术时间50-180min,平均100min;无术中输血,术中出血量45-300ml;肿瘤直径23-52mm,平均36mm;患者住院时间10-18d,平均14d。所有患者术后血压均降至正常范围,无严重并发症发生。术后随访3个月-3年,患者肿瘤无复发,血压正常。结论后腹腔镜下手术治疗老年肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤安全性高、疗效确切、患者痛苦小且术后恢复快。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术

目的：探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的效果。方法：回顾性分析2002年2月～2004年1月采用后腹腔镜手术治疗12例。肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料。结果：12例手术全部成功。手术时间45～190mln,平均100min。平均出血量133ml,无需要输血者。平均术后住院时间为4．4（2～8）d。切除肿瘤平均直径为36（20～60）mm,术后并发血肿1例。病理检查报告均为嗜铬细胞瘤。随访2～24个月,患者血压均恢复正常,肿瘤局部无复发。结论：后腹腔镜手术具有微创、出血少、恢复快等特点,对切除直径〈5cm的嗜铬细胞瘤是安全的。     

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma: comparison with open adrenalectomy and comparison of laparoscopic surgery for pheochromocytoma versus other adrenal tumors

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma with that of conventional open adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma and laparoscopic surgery for other adrenal tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with adrenal tumors, including 10 cases of pheochromocytoma, 18 cases of Cushing's syndrome, 20 cases of primary aldosteronism, and 6 cases of nonfunctioning tumors, were evaluated. A historical group of 7 consecutive patients who underwent conventional open adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma was also studied. RESULTS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma was successful in 9 of the 10 patients. There was no difference in tumor size, operation time, estimated blood loss, or occurrence of hypertensive episodes during surgery between patients treated with laparoscopic procedures and those treated with open surgery. However, the number of days to first postoperative oral feeding and first ambulation, length of hospitalization, and number of patients requiring parenteral analgesics were significantly smaller after laparoscopic surgery than after open surgery. There was no significant difference in operation time, estimated blood loss, incidence of intraoperative complications, or postoperative recovery between patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma and those who underwent laparoscopic surgery for other adrenal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy does not increase the specific risks associated with surgery for pheochromocytoma. It is a minimally invasive alternative to conventional open adrenalectomy.     

后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤16例

目的评价后腹腔镜肾上腺切除治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的临床价值。方法对我科2000年1月～2006年10月16例后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。左侧10例，右侧6例，瘤体直径2．5～4．6cm，平均3．1cm。结果术前准备时间6～28d，平均11d。除1例因肿瘤周围粘连严重和出血中转开放外，其余15例均成功切除肿瘤，手术时间平均110min（90～170min），手术出血量平均135ml（80～650ml）。3例嗜铬细胞瘤切除后血压正常，术后即刻未用去甲肾上腺素溶液，其中2例分别在术后4和6h收缩压由135mmHg降至80mmHg，1例56h后收缩压突然由140mmHg降至85mmHg，立即应用去甲肾上腺素溶液维持血压正常。术后病理诊断15例为良性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤，1例开放者为低度恶性嗜铬细胞瘤，局部包膜浸润。术后平均住院12d（9～20d）。术后随访3～24个月，平均13个月，除1例需口服降压药外，其余血压均自然恢复正常，24h尿去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素及儿茶酚胺含量均正常。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺切除是治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的有效方法，具有创伤小、并发症少及恢复快等优点。术前准备和术后处理在治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的过程中具有较重要的价值。     

Clinical outcomes and learning curve of a laparoscopic adrenalectomy in 103 consecutive cases at a single institute

OBJECTIVE: We examined the clinical outcomes and the learning curve for a laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) in 103 consecutive cases performed by three surgeons at our institute, according to the type of adrenal disorder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and three patients with adrenal tumors, including 38 cases of primary aldosteronism, 33 cases of Cushing syndrome (including preclinical Cushing syndrome), 15 cases of pheochromocytoma, and nine cases of non-functioning adenoma were evaluated, while focusing on the approaches, intraoperative and postoperative data, and the learning curve of LA, according the type of adrenal disorder. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the operation time, estimated blood loss, incidence of conversion to open surgery and blood transfusion, or postoperative recovery among the patients treated by LA for aldosteronoma, Cushing adenoma, pheochromocytoma, and non-functioning adenoma. In the cases of aldosteronoma and Cushing adenoma, the learning curve for the operation time and blood loss in each operator tended to decrease as the number of operations increased. On the other hand, in the cases treated by LA for pheochromocytoma, no trends in either the operation time or blood loss were observed. However, there has been neither any conversion to open surgery nor blood transfusion in cases treated by LA since 1998 (our 42nd case), even after the changes in the operators. CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly indicate that LA is becoming safer than before, probably due to improvements in the technique, education, and training of surgeons, in addition to the increased number of cases now treated by LA.     

后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺肿瘤35例临床分析

目的总结后腹腔镜技术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床经验.方法采用后腹腔镜切除肾上腺肿瘤35例,男12例,女23例.年龄25岁～72岁,平均49.8岁.左侧15例,右侧20例.其中嗜铬细胞瘤5例,原发性醛固酮增多症10,柯兴氏病2例,神经节细胞瘤2例,无功能性腺瘤16例.腰部取3个套管针穿刺入路,用自制的水囊扩张器扩张后腹腔,用超声刀将肿瘤切除.结果 35例手术均成功,无中转开放手术病例.术中出血量10～500 ml,平均74 ml.病人均未输血.手术时间45～200 min,平均90 min.结论后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺肿瘤手术效果确切,手术时间短,术中出血少,损伤小,术后恢复快,可以替代绝大多数肾上腺肿瘤开放手术.     

Does tumor size influence the outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy?

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is safe and effective for small adrenal tumors, but its role for large adrenal tumors and the influence of tumor size on the outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy have been questioned. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with unilateral adrenal tumors operated on between January 1997 and April 2000 were selected for this study. The indications for surgery were Conn's adenoma in 16 patients, pheochromocytoma in 7 patients, Cushing's adenoma in 4 patients, and incidental lesions in 4 patients. The patients were divided in two groups: 19 patients with tumors <3.5 cm (Group I) and 12 patients with tumors > or = 3.5 cm (Group II). The outcomes of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: None of the laparoscopic procedures was converted to open surgery. The tumor size correlated with operative time (r = 0.434; P = 0.015) and blood loss (r = 0.513; P = 0.003), with both being significantly greater for larger tumors. No patient required a blood transfusion during or after surgery. One preoperative complication occurred in Group I. There was no peroperative complication in Group II. The median postoperative hospital stay and opioid requirement did not differ significantly between the groups. One patient in Group I developed pneumonia, while no postoperative complications were recorded in Group II. CONCLUSION: Surgery for large adrenal tumors can safely be performed laparoscopically with outcomes comparable to those of surgery for small tumors.     

后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺肿瘤(附80例报告)

目的:探讨应用后腹腔镜术切除肾上腺肿瘤的疗效和安全性.方法:应用后腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺肿瘤80例:功能性肾上腺肿瘤56例,非功能性肾上腺肿瘤24例.用自制的气囊扩张后腹腔,腰部3个Trocar穿刺入路,超声刀将肿瘤切除,用自制的标本袋取出肿瘤.结果:80例中73例完全由腹腔镜手术完成,7例因术中粘连、出血等改开放手术.术中出血量10～500 ml,平均70 ml.患者均未输血.76例随访3～48个月,平均8个月,未见肿瘤复发和转移,血电解质、儿茶酚胺、醛固酮、皮质醇等肾上腺内分泌检查均恢复正常;但12例仍有高血压.结论:应用后腹腔镜术切除肾上腺肿瘤安全、创伤小、恢复快,对肾上腺恶性肿瘤主张行开放手术.     

Surgical technique and haemodynamic changes in adrenalectomy for secreting neoplasia. Personal experience and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is now used worlwide and is a great advance in laparoscopic technology. The reported benefits of this approach include decreased blood loss, better intraoperative haemodynamic control and shorter hospital stay, however some doubts on its indication for adrenal secreting tumors are still present. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the physiologic alterations on blood pressure during laparoscopic and laparotomic adrenalectomy in patients with adrenal secreting adenoma, the intraoperative blood loss and mean hospital stay in the 2 groups of patients. A review of the literature is included. METHODS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in 13 patients (Conn's syndrome with adrenal adenoma in 10, pheochromocytoma in 3). Laparotomy was used for adrenalectomy in 9 patients: 4 with pheochromocytoma and 5 with Conn's adenoma. All the selected patients in the 2 groups had benign adenoma with tumor size less than 6 cm. During surgery the following data were determined: blood pressure before inducing anaesthesia, pressure peaks, episodes of hypertension and of hypotension, blood loss and operating times. The mean hospital stay was also recorded. RESULTS: No differences were found in the blood-pressure values of the 2 groups of patients. The blood loss was minimal in all but 2 patients. The mean hospital stay was significantly longer in those patients who underwent laparotomy. No significant differences were recorded in the mean operating time. CONCLUSIONS: The 2 techniques seem to have the same physiological consequences in the cardiovascular system, and the operating times for laparoscopic and laparotomic adrenalectomy are not so different. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe technique to treat small benign adrenal secreting adenomas.     

Retroperitoneoscopic adrenal surgery with reusable instruments

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retroperitoneoscopic surgery has proven advantages over open surgery in terms of cosmesis, reduced postoperative pain, hospital stay, and early return to work. This is particularly true for surgery of the adrenal gland that otherwise entails a large surgical incision. One of the drawbacks of this surgery is the additional cost attributable to the disposable instruments. We present our cost-reductive retroperitoneoscopic techniques to tackle a variety of adrenal pathologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Beginning March 1995, 17 patients underwent cost-reductive retroperitoneoscopic adrenal surgery for various indications including 12 pheochromocytomas, 3 myelolipomas, 2 adrenal cortical adenomas, and two adrenal cysts. Two patients underwent simultaneous bilateral procedures for pheochromocytoma. A cost-reductive technique using minimal disposable equipment was employed. RESULTS: The procedure was completed in 18 of 19 cases (94%). One patient undergoing an adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma was converted to open surgery because of nonprogress of the dissection. The largest tumor removed measured 10 cm. The mean operative time was 133 minutes, the average blood loss 169 mL, NSAID doses 3.56, and hospital stay 4.6 days. There were two major and two minor complications with no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Cost-reductive retroperitoneoscopy is a feasible option for the management of a variety of adrenal pathologies. It should be considered a difficult procedure and be undertaken only by surgeons proficient in laparoscopy.     

两种入路保留肾上腺的腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜肾上腺保留手术的适应证,评估其可行性、手术意义及不同手术路径之间差异。 方法选取2015年1月至2017年8月安徽医科大学第二附属医院收治肾上腺疾患的病例资料,报告其中54例肾上腺良性肿瘤行腹腔镜保留肾上腺手术（27例行腹腔途径,27例经腹膜后途径）,观察围手术期指标、手术效果,比较两种手术路径的差异。 结果54例行保留肾上腺腹腔镜肿瘤切除术。经腹腔途径平均手术时间（52.4±11.4）min,术中平均出血量（32.8±7.7）ml;后腹腔途径平均手术时间（68.4±12.6）min,术中平均出血量（41.3±8.1）ml。54例共切除肿瘤59枚。病理报告：肾上腺皮质腺瘤34例（其中醛固酮瘤16例,皮质醇腺瘤7例,无功能腺瘤11例）,嗜铬细胞瘤8例,髓质脂肪瘤5例,皮质结节增生3例,髓质增生1例,淋巴管瘤1例,神经纤维瘤1例,神经鞘瘤1例。术后随访平均13个月（3～24个月）,未见肿瘤复发。有高血压症状的31例患者26例血压恢复正常,其余5例需服用小剂量降压药。6例皮质醇增多症的患者中4例已停止激素补充,2例仍需小剂量补充糖皮质激素。 结论腹腔镜保留肾上腺手术治疗肾上腺良性肿瘤是一个安全合适的选择,经腹腔途径行保留肾上腺手术在缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量较后腹腔途径具有一定优势。     

肾上腺小肿瘤的后腹腔镜手术治疗体会

目的探讨肾上腺小肿瘤的后腹腔镜手术治疗体会。方法回顾性分析2005年9月至2008年12月我院施行的389例后腹腔镜。肾上腺切除术的临床资料,其中肾上腺小肿瘤96例,分成最初40例组和后期56例组。术前所有病例行CT形态定位检查。所有手术均经后腹膜入路完成。结果96例肾上腺肿瘤平均大小0．7cm（0．5～1．0cm）,其中原醛76例（单侧腺瘤69例、单侧皮质增生7例）,无功能性腺瘤11例,库欣综合症3例,嗜铬细胞瘤2例,黑素瘤1例,髓样脂肪瘤1例,转移癌l例。4例（3．5％）中转开放手术。最初40例组的手术时间明显长于随后的56例组（P〈0．01）,两组术中出血量无明显差异。结论尽管腹腔镜技术是治疗良性肾上腺肿瘤的金标准,但对于肾上腺小肿瘤,腹腔镜手术有一定难度,术中先游离寻找靠近后腹膜的。肾上腺内侧支、充分游离及探查整个肾上腺组织是手术成功的关键。