Clinical Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer： A Report of 2340 Cases（2340例胰腺癌临床病例分析）

目的 探讨提高胰腺癌治愈性切除相关因素和获得更佳疗效。方法 中国抗癌协会胰腺癌专业委员会回顾性分析了8省2市14大医院的1990年一2000年诊治的2340例胰腺病例。多因素生存分析采用Cox比例风险模型找出可能影响胰腺癌病人预后的独立因素。单因素生存分析用寿命表法计算，以生存曲线描述生存率，并进行Gehan比分检验。结果 COX单因素分析表明在a=0．05水平上有意义的有年龄、职业、病程、肿瘤部位、手术方式、术后胰瘘、术后肝衰、化疗、TNM分期、免疫治疗、有无肝转移、肠系膜上血管有无侵犯等变量。COX多因素分析表明在a=0．05水平上有意义的有患者年龄、手术方式、术后胰瘘、术后肝衰、化疗、免疫治疗等变量，这些变量为影响胰腺癌预后的独立因素。根治性手术者相对于未手术者，以及化疗、免疫治疗均为保护性因素。其中40岁以上的占了92．91％，40岁以下的仅占7．09％。胰头癌根治性手术组中位生存时间为17．11个月，1年、3年和5年生存率分别为54．36％、13．47％、8．47％。结论 有必要将40岁以上的人群视为高危人群，能及时发现早期病例。各种综合治疗措施的结合都将有助于改善胰腺癌患者的生活质量和延长生存期。 Objective To investigate the factors related to curable resection and efficacy of pancreatic cancer.Methods A uniform questionnaire for national survey on clinical epidemiology of pancreatic cancer was designed by Committee of Pancreatic Cancer, CACA from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2000. A total of 2340 cases were included. Survival analysis was conducted for selected cases with complete data. Cox regression was used to screen out single and multiple risk factors. Cumulative survival rate was calculated by life table and Gehan score test.Results COX single factor analysis revealed that significant variables at α = 0.05 level included age, occupation, duration of disease, location of neoplasm, operation type, postoperative pancreatic fistula, postoperative hepatic failure, chemotherapy, TNM stage, immunotherapy, liver metastasis, invasion of superior mesenteric vessel. COX multifactor analysis demonstrated that significant variables at α= 0.05 level were age, surgical procedures, postoperative pancreatic fistula, postoperative hepatic failure,chemotherapy, immunotherapy. These were independent factors for the prognosis of pancreas carcinoma. Among these factors, age less than 70 years, radical operation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were all protective factors. 92.91% of the patients were more than 40 years of age. Only 7.09% of those were less than 40. The median survival time of group of radical resection of carcinoma in head of pancreas was 17.11 months and the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 54.36% , 13.47% , 8.47% respectively.Conclusion For early diagnosis, an effective way to screen population older than 40 years is really an effective way to detect patients early and promptly. And comprehensive therapy is conducive to better quality of life and longer survival time of pancreatic Cancer。     

胰头癌根治术后患者预后相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响胰头癌根治性切除病人术后生存的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院111例行根治性手术切除的胰头癌患者的临床病理资料和随访资料。结果:111例患者术后中位生存时间12.1个月,1、3、5 年生存率分别为52.3%、20.6%、10.8%。单因素分析显示,年龄、术前CA19-9水平、被膜外浸润、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤分期、胰腺切缘、术后是否化疗为影响胰头癌预后的因素（P＜0.05）。COX多因素分析显示,术前CA19-9水平、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、被膜外浸润、肿瘤大小、术后是否化疗及胰腺切缘为胰头癌患者预后的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论:肿瘤分化水平差、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径大于等于4 cm、未达到R0切除的胰头癌患者预后较差,根治性手术术后联合化疗可明显延长胰头癌病人的生存时间。     

新辅助化疗对165例Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌患者术后生存的影响分析

 目的 探讨新辅助化疗对Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）生存率的影响，评价其安全性及可行性。方法 回顾性分析该院2000年1月至2004年1月外科完全性切除Ⅲa期NSCLC 165例临床资料，以新辅助化疗组（A组）与直接手术组（B组）进行对照。Life-Table法比较两组1、3、5年生存率差异，Kaplan-Meier法比较累计生存率及中位生存时间；COX多因素回归模型Condition-Forward法分析影响生存的主要因素。结果 两组患者术后1、3、5年生存率A组 80 %、30 %、13 %，B组 87 %、40 %、16 %；术后平均生存时间分别为25.5、29.4个月；中位生存期分别为20.0、25.0个月；差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。COX多因素分析表明病理类型、纵隔淋巴结转移状况、术前辅助化疗是影响Ⅲa期NSCLC预后的因素（P＜0.05）。结论 新辅助化疗+手术可延长生存期，新辅助化疗在一定程度上增加手术难度,但是安全可行的。     

射频消融治疗不可切除胰腺癌研究进展

胰腺癌恶性程度高,进展迅速,是消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤,相对于其他实体肿瘤的治疗,胰腺癌治疗效果令人失望,5年总生存率低于5％。手术切除是唯一可能治愈胰腺癌的手段。Cameron等回顾性分析了405例胰头癌胰十二指肠切除术,术后5年的生存率可达18％。但胰腺癌起病隐匿,早期发现困难,易发生转移,明确诊断的胰腺癌病人可行根治性手术者仅占10％-20％,大部分患者因远处转移或血管浸润而无法手术切除。目前,对晚期不可切除胰腺癌病人主要采用放疗、     

术后化疗胸腺肿瘤中的应用及对其预后的影响

背景与目的探讨术后化疗在胸腺肿瘤中的应用及术后化疗对Masaoka III期/IV期预后的影响。方法1994年3月至2012年12月,中国胸腺瘤研究协作组（Chinese Alliance of Research for hTymomas, ChART）数据库共纳入2,306例胸腺肿瘤病例,资料相对完整1,700例患者纳入本研究,对其中Masaoka III期/IV期665例患者进行进一步分析,初步评估术后化疗的临床价值,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制不同亚组患者生存曲线,Cox回归进行多因素分析影响预后的因素。采用倾向值匹配研究（propensity-matched study, PSM）,评估化疗的临床价值。结果1,700例患者中未行术后化疗1,406例（82.7%）,术后化疗294例（17.3%）,随着Masaoka分期的增加,术后化疗患者的比例也随之增高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。对Masaoka III期/IV期患者665例进行进一步分析,其中未术后化疗组444例,术后化疗组221例。两组患者在有无重症肌无力、WHO病理类型、病理分期、手术根治性、有无术后放疗等方面分布有差异（P<0.05）。其中C型胸腺瘤、不完全切除和术后放疗明显影响患者术后复发和生存（P<0.05）。术后化疗组5年和10年无病生存率分别为51%、30%,5年和10年复发率分别为46%、68%,而未术后化疗组5年和10年无病生存率分别为73%、58%。5年和10年复发率分别为26%、40%,两组无病生存率和复发率均有明显统计学差异（P=0.001, P=0.001）。对有无重症肌无力,病理类型,病理分期,手术根治性状态,术后放疗等因素进行倾向值匹配筛选出其中158例未术后化疗和158例术后化疗共316例患者,生存分析显示：未术后化疗组和术后化疗组两组5年生存率并无明显统计学差异（P=0.332）。结论病理学类型、手术的根治性和术后放疗是影响进展期胸腺肿瘤患者术后生存和复发的主要因素。术后化疗并未给Masaoka-Koga III期/IV期胸腺瘤患者带来生存获益。     

早期宫颈腺癌术后的预后分析

目的:研究早期（Ⅰb-Ⅱa期）经根治性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术后宫颈腺癌患者的预后因素及治疗结果。方法:收集2005年至2009年经手术治疗的早期（Ⅰb-Ⅱa期）宫颈腺癌96例患者的临床病理特征,分析与患者5年生存率有关的临床病理因素,Cox回归分析影响患者预后的因素。结果:肿瘤类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移、脉管瘤栓及其治疗方法与宫颈癌的5年生存率有关（P＜0.050)。单因素分析结果显示肿瘤类型、临床分期、淋巴结有无转移、脉管有无瘤栓与预后有关。多因素分析显示对宫颈腺癌患者生存有影响的因素是淋巴结有无转移和患者术后化疗次数。结论:淋巴结转移和患者术后的化疗次数是影响早期宫颈腺癌术后患者独立的危险因素,术后正规、及时足量的辅助化疗可以改善患者预后和生存质量。     

肝癌术后早期复发临床危险因素的分析

目的:探讨肝癌术后早期复发的各项危险因素.方法:回顾性分析111例肝癌切除术后患者的资料,探讨各项临床病理因素与肝癌术后早期复发(≤1年)的关系.结果:111例肝癌根治性切除病例中,早期复发41例(36.9%).单因素分析表明,肿癌大小、有无子灶、脉管癌栓及术后区域化疗对术后早期复发有影响.多因素分析表明,有无子灶、脉管癌栓和术后区域化疗是影响术后早期复发的独立因素.早期复发组经外科治疗后1、2年生存率为65.9%和14.6%,明显高于姑息性治疗者,P<0.01.结论:有无子灶、脉管癌栓和术后区域化疗是影响肝癌术后早期复发的重要因素,早期复发积极外科处理能有效提高生存率.     

248例N0期非小细胞肺癌的预后因素分析

目的:回顾性分析248例N0期非小细胞肺癌的预后因素。方法:本文选取1994年1月～1997年7月间行根治性切除的248例N0期非小细胞肺癌,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线(Log-Rank检验)和COX多因素回归对该组病例的预后因素进行分析。结果:术中同侧肺门和纵隔淋巴结清扫超过6枚的病例生存率高于6枚以下的病例(P=0.005);术后生存率随T1、T2、T3和T4依次明显递减(P<0.001);术后化疗组病例的生存期高于非化疗组(P=0.016);鳞癌和腺癌的生存率高于其他病理类型(P=0.002)。结论:纵隔淋巴结的清扫数量、术后化疗与否、肿瘤的T分期和病理类型是影响N0期非小细胞肺癌预后的主要因素,而性别、术后放疗、术后免疫治疗、手术方式等对预后无明显影响。     

进展期直肠癌侵犯邻近脏器手术治疗184例分析

目的：探讨直肠癌侵犯邻近脏器手术切除的疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院1974年至1998手术治疗184例直肠癌侵犯邻近脏器临床资料,根治性切除124例,姑息性切除42例,单纯结肠造瘘18例。结果：术后总的1、3和5年生存率分别为85．9％、64．4％和47．9％。其中根治性切除组1、3和5年生存率分别为93．4％、80．7％和63．7％;姑息性切除组为71．7％、42．8％和25．0％;单纯造瘘组为62．5％、30．0％和12．0％。根治性切除组5年生存率显高于姑息性切除和造瘘组（P＜0．05）。结论：对直肠癌侵犯邻脏器的患,只要没有肝脏弥漫性转移、腹膜肿植和淋巴结广泛转移等不能治愈的因素,都应将直肠癌和受侵犯脏器一并切除,以达到根治的目的;对有不能治愈因素存在,则应急取切除直肠癌原发灶,术后辅以化疗和放疗,以提高生存质量和延长生存期。     

左侧结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻根治手术的方法及疗效分析

目的 分析手术方式选择对左侧结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻根治的疗效.方法 回顾性分析31例实施左半结肠Ⅰ期根治性切除肠吻合术患者(根治组)和31例Ⅰ期切除吻合近端造瘘患者(吻合造瘘组)的临床资料,对比分析2组患者临床治疗效果及影响因素.结果 与吻合造瘘组患者比较,根治组患者手术时间短、术中出血量少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与根治组患者比较,吻合造瘘组患者术后排气时间、进食时间以及胃管拔除时间均较短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者总住院时间差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05).吻合造瘘组患者术后吻合口瘘发生率显著低于根治组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.229,P=0.035);2组患者术后切口感染以及腹腔感染发生率差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05).左侧结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻预后与病理类型、临床分期、术后化疗以及手术方式有关,与患者性别和年龄无关.影响患者术后生存的独立危险因素为手术方式,根治性手术患者生存率更高.结论 左侧结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行根治性手术患者术后生存率较高,手术方式是患者术后生存的独立危险因素.     

高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者的预后影响因素

目的:分析高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者预后的危险因素及干预对策。方法:回顾自2009年6月至2013年6月入我院的病理诊断为高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗的患者资料。对患者的一般情况如性别、年龄、手术切除程度、病理分级、化疗、放疗量、KPS评分、术前癫痫发作、总生存期（随访2年）等数据进行分析,评价高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者预后的危险因素。结果:在123例患者中,年龄16~86岁,平均发病年龄46.9岁,男性平均发病年龄42.0岁,女性平均发病年龄49.5岁。小于40岁患者68例,大于等于40岁患者55例。从发病到明确诊断平均时间9.8月,中位生存时间19个月,1年生存率69%,2年生存率37.4%。单因素分析显示,年龄、手术切除程度、病理分级、化疗与高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者预后显著相关（P＜0.05）,性别、放疗、术前癫痫发作、KPS评分与高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者预后无明显相关（P>0.05）。多因素COX回归分析显示,年龄<40岁（RR=1.844,95%CI:1.047~3.249）、肿瘤全切（RR=2.348,95%CI:1.389~3.968）、病理分级3级（RR=2.632,95%CI:1.479~4.684）、同步替莫唑胺化疗（RR=0.557,95%CI:0.329~0.944）能够显著延长患者的总生存时间。结论:年龄、手术切除程度、病理分级、化疗等是高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者生存预后的危险因素。年龄<40岁、肿瘤全切、病理分级低、同步化疗患者生存预后较好。     

脑胶质瘤术后患者三维适形放疗的预后分析

目的评价脑胶质瘤术后患者三维适形放疗（3DCRT）的预后因素。方法对62例脑胶质瘤术后残留患者行3DCRT,回顾性分析陛别、年龄、肿瘤部位、病理类型、病理分级、手术切除程度、联合化疗、放疗剂量、治疗前Karnofsky评分等因素对预后的影响,用Kaplan—Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验法进行单因素分析,COX回归模型进行多因素分析。结果末次随访时间为2009年4月1日,中位随访时问22个月,死亡43例。1、2、3年生存率分别为65．7％、34．2％、20．5％。单因素分析结果显示：年龄（P=0．008）、病理分级（P=0．016）、手术切除程度（P=O．000）、治疗前Kamofsky评分（P=O．018）为重要预后因素。COX多因素分析结果显示：年龄（P=0．031）、手术切除程度（P=0．000）、治疗前Karnofsky评分（P=0．035）为独立预后因素。结论年龄〈40岁、治疗前Karnofsky评分≥70分和肿瘤大部分切除是脑胶质瘤术后3DCRT患者预后较好的独立因素。     

胰腺癌术后生存率的影响因素

目的:探讨影响胰腺癌术后生存率的影响因素.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月本院178例行胰十二指肠切除术治疗的胰腺癌患者(研究组)以及81例同期健康体检者(对照组)的临床资料,分析术后生存率的影响因素.单因素分析采用Logistic二元回归模型,筛选有统计学意义的指标纳入COX风险回归模型进行多因素分析.结果:Kaplan-Meier结果显示,178例患者术后1年、2年、3年总体生存率分别为56.2%、18.0%、1.7%.单因素分析结果表明,性别、年龄、肿瘤位置与术后生存率无相关性(P>0.05);而肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移、肝转移、血清sPLA2-ⅡA、CD44v6、整合素β1和CA19-9水平与术后生存率有相关性(P<0.05).COX多因素回归分析显示,临床分期、淋巴结转移、肝转移、血清sPLA2-ⅡA、CD44v6、整合素β1和CA19-9水平对患者术后生存率的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),是影响术后生存率的独立危险因素.患者术前、术后1周血清sPLA2-ⅡA、CD44v6、整合素β1和CA19-9表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而术后1个月的表达水平与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).患者术后血清sPLA2-ⅡA、CD44v6、整合素β1和CA19-9表达水平均逐渐下降,术后1个月的表达水平均显著低于术前(P<0.05).患者术后1个月 sPLA2-ⅡA、CD44v6、CA19-9表达水平显著低于术后1周(P<0.05),整合素β1表达水平和术后1周差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).sPLA2-ⅡA、CD44v6、整合素β1和CA19-9低表达患者的术后生存率均显著高于高表达的患者(P<0.05).结论:在进行胰腺癌治疗时应特别注意临床分期、淋巴结转移、肝转移、血清sPLA2-ⅡA、CD44v6、整合素β1和CA19-9水平等影响预后的独立危险因素,以提高生存率.     

青年人与老年人直肠癌的临床病理与预后对比

目的探讨青年人与老年人直肠癌的临床病理特征及预后的差异。方法回顾1996年1月至2006年1月可手术的85例青年人（≤40岁）直肠癌与155例老年人（≥65岁）直肠癌患者的临床病理资料和随访资料,进行生存分析和预后多因素分析。结果青年人直肠癌发生在腹膜返折下占69.41％,高于老年组的52．90％（P=0．013）;低分化腺癌及黏液、印戒细胞癌比例分别为31．76％及22．35％,也分别高于老年组的18．71％及8．39％（P=0．023,P=0．007）;青年组有淋巴结转移者为63．53％,高于老年组的47．10％（P=0．015）;青年组与老年组的5生存率分别为48．2％、55．7％,两组差异无统计学意义（P=0．176）;多因素分析结果显示,手术性质、肿瘤侵犯深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期是影响预后最重要的独立因素。结论与老年患者相比,青年患者直肠癌恶性度较高,发现较晚,但若能及早发现并通过根治手术为主联合放化疗,预后可与老年患者无差异。     

Adjuvant arterial infusion chemotherapy for patients with pancreatic cancer

Although surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for pancreatic cancer, patients undergoing complete resection frequently develop liver metastasis, local recurrence, and peritoneal metastasis. Liver metastasis is a common mode for the progression of pancreatic cancer, and the prognosis of patients in whom it occurs is extremely poor. Between January 2000 and December 2002, 10 patients received adjuvant arterial infusion chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic cancer. Eight of these 10 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and 2 had distal pancreatectomy. Catheters were placed using Seldinger's technique, with the tip being advanced into the common hepatic artery via the femoral artery. Then, 1,000 mg/body of 5-FU was administered by 24-hour continuous infusion for 6 days per week (days 1-3 and 5-7). Two cycles of chemotherapy were delivered through an angiographic catheter without a reservoir port. During this treatment, no severe systemic or abdominal complications were observed. The 2 groups were well balanced with respect to prognostic factors. The survival rate at 1 year was 77.8% and 41.6% for the adjuvant chemotherapy group and non-adjuvant chemotherapy group, respectively, while the 3-year survival rates were 48.6% and 20.8% (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.0649). The median overall survival rate was superior in the adjuvant chemotherapy group, although the difference was not statistically significant. High-dose 5-FU arterial infusion chemotherapy seems to be a safe, tolerable, and effective regimen for the postoperative recurrence of pancreatic cancer.     

Current developments,problems and solutions in the non-surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant neoplasm of the pancreas with an increasing incidence, a low early diagnostic rate and a fairly poor prognosis. To date, the only curative therapy for pancreatic cancer is surgical resection, but only about 20% patients have this option at the time of diagnosis and the mean 5-year survival rate after resection is only 10%-25%. Therefore, developing new treatments to improve the survival rate has practical significance for patients with this disease. This review deals with a current unmet need in medical oncology: the improvement of the treatment outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. We summarize and discuss the latest systemic chemotherapy treatments (including adjuvant, neoadjuvant and targeted agents), radiotherapy, interventional therapy and immunotherapy. Besides discussing the current developments, we outline some of the main problems, solutions and prospects in this field.     

Result of 11,946 gastric cancer treatment with immunochemosurgery

Although the therapeutic results of gastric cancer have markedly improved, it still remains the most common of cancer deaths in Korea. Annually more than 700, and all together 11,946, gastric cancer patients were surgically treated from 1970 to 1998 at Seoul National University Hospital. Stage III gastric cancer is already a systemic disease, Radical surgery alone cannot cure the patient, and about 35% recurred within 2-3 years. To improve the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer, systemic treatment such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy is required in the early postoperative period to kill the micrometastatic or remaining cancer cells after curative resection. We evaluated the survival rate and prognostic factors for 9,262 consecutive patients from 1981 to 1996. The clinicopathologic variables used for evaluating prognostic values were classified into patient, -tumor- and treatment-related factors. The prognostic significance of treatment modality was evaluated in stage III gastric cancer. The five-year survival rates were 55.9% for overall patients and 64.8% for patients who received curative resection. Radical lymph node dissection was found to produce survival gains in patients with stage II and IIIa. For postoperative adjuvant therapy, immunochemotherapy was most effective in patients with stage III. In multivariate analysis, curability of operation, depth of invasion, and ratio of involved-to-resected lymph nodes were the significant prognostic factors. Consequently, early detection and real curative resection with radical lymph node dissection, followed by immunochemotherapy (particularly in patients with stage III gastric cancer) should be recommended as a standard treatment principle for patients with gastric cancer.     

Survival impact of pancreatic resection for metastases in the pancreas: A retrospective multi-center study

BackgroundPancreatic metastases from other primary malignancies are rare.There is no clear evidence for a treatment strategy for this condition. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes, including prognostic factors for pancreatic resection of metastatic tumors in the pancreas, through a retrospective review.MethodsData of 35 patients who underwent pancreatic resection for pancreatic metastasis between 2005 and 2020 in eight Japanese institutions were included in this study. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and comparisons were made using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 35 months (range, 5–102 months). Median duration from resection for primary tumor to resection for metastatic pancreatic tumor was 10.6 years (range, 0.6–29.2 years). The 3- and 5-year survival rates after resection for metastatic tumors in the pancreas were 89% and 69%, respectively. In contrast, the 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates after resection for metastatic tumors in the pancreas were 48% and 21%, respectively. Performance status ≥1 at the time of resection for metastatic tumors in the pancreas (HR: 7.56, p = 0.036) and pancreatic metastasis tumor diameter >42 mm (HR: 6.39, p = 0.02) were significant poor prognostic factors only in the overall survival.ConclusionsThe prognosis of pancreatic resection for metastatic tumors in the pancreas is relatively good for selected patients. However, because it is prone to recurrence after radical surgery, it should only be considered in patients with good PS.     

Iodine-125 implant and external beam irradiation in patients with localized pancreatic carcinoma: a comparative study to surgical resection

Twelve patients with biopsy-proven clinically localized ductal pancreatic cancers (less than 7 cm in greatest diameter) judged unsuitable for resection were treated by bypass surgery, an Iodine-125 implant (20-39 mCi), and postoperative irradiation (4000-4500 rads). The potential problems of significant bleeding, pancreatic fistula, or pancreatitis were not experienced. A local recurrence developed in one patient and two recurred in regional lymph nodes. The projected median survival of the group is 11 months with four of the 12 patients still surviving. For purposes of comparison all patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma treated by radical resection during a similar time were evaluated. All ten have died with a median survival of six months. Twelve of 22 (55%) of the combined implanted and resected groups have developed distant metastasis. Further pursuit of intraoperative techniques of irradiation in combination with adjuvant multidrug chemotherapy seems indicated in an attempt to prolong patient survival which is now limited by hematogenous metastases.