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目的 探讨急性肠系膜血管闭塞(AMVO)的早期诊断及外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性总结1987年8月至2002年8月收治的24例AMVO，对其临床特征、外科诊断治疗方法及预后进行分析。结果 24例AMVO中肠系膜上动脉栓塞(MAE)9例(37.5％)，肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(MVT)13例(54．2％)，肠系膜上动脉血栓形成(MAT)2例(8．3％)。最常见的临床表现为腹痛(91.7％)。最可靠的诊断方法为肠系膜血管造影(100％)。9例MAE确诊7例。保守治疗3例，急诊手术6例。治愈5例，死亡4例。13例MVT确诊10例。保守治疗7例。介入治疗2例，手术4例。全部治愈。2例MAT均确诊，介入与手术治疗各1例，均治愈。结论 肠坏死发生前早期诊断、积极行介入治疗与剖腹探查为主的外科治疗是提高AMVO疗效的关键。     

急性肠系膜静脉血栓的诊断与治疗

目的探讨急性肠系膜静脉血栓(AMVT)的早期诊断及正确的治疗方法。方法对2000年1月至2013年12月期间笔者所在医院收治的105例AMVT患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果超声和腹部增强CT对AMVT诊断的准确率分别为67.6%(71/105)及88.0%(81/92);腹腔穿刺或留置腹腔引流对肠坏死诊断的准确率为100%(38/38)。所有病例一经确诊,即行抗凝、溶栓治疗。25例因就诊时就已有肠坏死而行急诊手术治疗;行抗凝溶栓治疗80例,其中7例因抗凝溶栓治疗无效而接受手术治疗;其中15例同时行肠系膜静脉取栓术。行手术治疗的32例患者中,30例于1个月内痊愈出院,2例术后1个月内分别因多脏器功能衰竭或短肠综合征死亡。73例单纯接受抗凝溶栓治疗,72例治愈出院,有效率达90.0%;另1例1个月内因发生脑出血死亡。结论早期诊断AMVT及判断肠坏死、及时正确的抗凝溶栓治疗和恰当的外科手术,常可取得满意的治疗效果。     

肠系膜上动脉栓塞肠坏死手术治疗31例临床体会

目的 总结31例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞肠坏死（ASMAE）临床手术治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析浙江省绍兴市中心医院医共体总院2019年1月至2021年12月收治的31例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞肠坏死患者临床资料。结果 31例ASMAE患者死亡病例为6例，病死率为19.35%，其中13例行肠吻合术治疗后死亡病例为5例，病死率为38.46%,18例行造瘘术治疗后死亡病例为1例，病死率为5.56%。患者均因多脏器功能衰竭而死亡。术前心率≤120次/min者20例，死亡病例1例，病死率5.0%，低于术前心率>120次/min病死率（5/11）,P<0.05。平均动脉压>105 mmHg病死率35.71%(5/14)明显高于动脉压正常者病死率5.88%(1/17),P<0.05。存在反跳痛者病死率5.26%(1/19)明显低于无反跳痛者41.67%(5/12),P<0.05。Fullen缺血分级Ⅰ级病死率明显高于Ⅱ级，P<0.05。结论 ASMAE患者预后较差，尤其是心率>120次/min、平均动脉压>105 mmHg以及行肠切除吻合术等患者，因此临床要予...     

急性肠系膜血管闭塞14例诊治体会

目的探讨急性肠系膜血管闭塞(acutemesentericvascularocclusion,AMVO)的早期诊断及外科治疗方法。方法回顾性总结我院2000年9月~2005年9月收治的14例AMVO,对其临床特征、外科诊断治疗方法及预后进行分析。结果14例AMVO中肠系膜上动脉栓塞(superiormesentericar-teryembolism,SMAE)8例(57.1%),肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(superiormesentericveinthrombosis,SMVT)4例(28.6%),肠系膜上动脉血栓形成(superiormesentericarterythrombosis,SMAT)2例(14.3%)。8例SMAE术前确诊2例,均手术治愈。4例SMVT确诊2例,介入治疗1例,手术3例,全部治愈。2例SMAT均手术治疗,术中明确诊断,均治愈。结论对可疑AMVO病例应尽早进行彩超、CTA、MRA或选择性肠系膜上动脉造影,以早期明确诊断;及时介入治疗,积极剖腹探查,果断切除坏死肠管行一期吻合,术中取栓、术后抗凝溶栓及支持治疗是降低患者死亡率的关键。     

62例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的诊断和治疗

目的探讨急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的临床表现及早期诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析62例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者的临床资料。结果术前确诊22例(35.5%)。62例患者均行肠系膜上动脉切开取栓,58例患者行坏死肠管切除术,其中35例患者行多次肠管切除术。术后16例患者死亡(25.8%)。术后随访3～24个月。结论肠系膜上动脉栓塞误诊率高,病死率高。对心律失常特别是房颤、心脏瓣膜病及既往有急性动脉栓塞病史患者突发剧烈腹痛,应警惕肠系膜上动脉栓塞可能。肠系膜上动脉切开取栓是治疗急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞缩小肠管切除范围有效方法。     

急性原发性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成17例临床诊治分析

目的:探讨急性原发性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(APSMVT)的临床诊断与治疗。方法:回顾性分析我院1998年至2007年收治的17例APSMVT的临床资料。结果:17例病人(100%)均有持续性渐行加重的腹痛,常见伴随症状有恶心呕吐(82%)、消化道出血(53%)、肠梗阻(53%)、发热(59%)等。11例(65%)腹腔穿刺获血性腹水。17例均行超声检查,1例术前明确诊断;14例CT检查中2例增强扫描后得以确诊,12例平扫可见间接征象。16例行坏死肠段切除手术及抗凝治疗,其中3例首次剖腹探查未见异常,在症状未缓解或加重后再次手术发现肠坏死并行肠切除。2例病人行经皮肝穿刺肠系膜上静脉导管溶栓治疗,1例血栓复发者行肠系膜上动脉导管溶栓后治愈。3例术后因脓毒症死亡。结论:APSMVT术前诊断困难,对不明原因急性剧烈腹痛者应及时怀疑本症,早期发现、早期治疗方能提高本病的治愈效果。病程早期可采用介入溶栓疗法,后期出现肠坏死征象者应及时手术,并予以抗凝治疗。     

急性肠系膜血管病7例临床分析

急性肠系膜血管病主要包括肠系膜动脉栓塞(mesenteric arterial embolism,MAE)和肠系膜静脉血栓形成(mesenteric venous thrombosis,MVT),早期诊断困难,病死率高,极易误诊.现将我院1996年来治疗的7例做回顾性分析.     

肠系膜上动脉栓塞的诊治

肠系膜上动脉栓塞是由于栓子堵塞肠系膜上动脉及其分支导致肠坏死及相应的一系列临床病理改变.病程发展至肠坏死时虽可剖腹探查确诊,但术后并发症发生率、病死率较高.我院自1999年1月至2007年12月共收治肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者21例,现报告如下.     

急性肠系膜血管闭塞的诊治经验（附16例报告）

目的　探讨急性肠系膜血管闭塞 (AMVO)的早期诊断和治疗。方法　 8例急性肠系膜动脉栓塞 (MAE)确诊 5例 ,误诊 3例。保守治疗 1例 ,介入溶栓 1例 ,肠切除 4例 ,取栓后肠切除 1例 ;另 1例大部小肠严重缺血 ,经二次手术探查 ,避免了肠切除和短肠综合征。 8例急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成 (MVT)确诊 4例 ,疑诊 4例 ;保守治疗 2例 ,肠切除 2例 ,取栓后肠切除 4例。结果　 8例MAE治愈 5例 ,死亡 3例 ;8例MVT全部治愈。结论　对AMVO保持警惕 ,早期确诊是提高疗效的关键。     

急性肠系膜血管缺血性疾病八例诊治体会

目的　探讨急性肠系膜血管缺血性疾病误诊率高、病死率高和影响其疗效的主要原因及其对策。方法　回顾性分析 8例急性肠系膜血管缺血性疾病的临床特点及治疗效果。结果　本组8例入院时均被误诊 ;均经剖腹探查才明确诊断 ;均有肠坏死而行肠段切除 ;术后死亡 4例。结论　早期诊断是争取对因治疗的前提 ;及时手术及抗凝治疗是避免肠坏死和降低病死率的关键     

急性肠系膜上动脉缺血37例诊治转归

目的 探讨急性肠系膜上动脉缺血的诊治方法,提高诊治水平.方法 回顾分析1996年1月至2007年8月收治的37例急性肠系膜上动脉缺血患者的临床资料,结合文献讨论其病因、诊断及治疗.结果 急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞19例(51.4%),急性肠系膜上动脉血栓形成15例(40.5%),孤立的肠系膜上动脉夹层2例(5.4%),肠系膜上动脉瘤1例(2.7%).急诊误诊19例(51.4%).院内死亡18例(48.6%),多死于重症感染和多器官功能衰竭.存活的19例中3例遗留严重后遗症(短肠综合征2例,脑出血1例).共9例患者获得随访,平均随访15个月,其间5例死亡.结论 急性肠系膜上动脉缺血病因多样,早期干预可显著改善患者预后.     

急性肠系膜缺血性疾病的损伤控制性处理

目的 探讨损伤控制性外科（DCS）理念在治疗急性肠系膜缺血性疾病（AMI）中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2001年5月至2009年3月间南京军区总医院解放军普通外科研究所应用DCS理念指导救治15例急性肠系膜缺血性疾病患者（11例为肠系膜上静脉血栓,4例为肠系膜上动脉血栓或栓塞）的临床资料.整个治疗过程遵循迅速切除坏死肠管、不强求恢复肠道连续性、术中取栓、术后ICU复苏并持续溶栓和计划内二期手术重建消化道连续性的阶段性救治策略.结果 10例患者（66.7%）救治成功并获得术后3个月以上的存活期,残留小肠长度120～280（209.0±53.8）cm.均无需肠外营养.5例患者死亡,其中2例死于血栓复发,1例死于术后消化道大出血,1例术中放弃治疗,另1例全小肠切除者术后放弃治疗.结论 DCS治疗理念可以成功救治AMI患者.在处理肠管时,应注意同时进行取栓、溶栓和抗凝治疗.     

Clinical implications for the management of acute thromboembolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery: autopsy findings in 213 patients

OBJECTIVE: To study findings at autopsy in patients with fatal acute thromboembolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Acute occlusion of the SMA is difficult to diagnose and mortality remains high. In Malmo, Sweden, the autopsy rate between 1970 and 1982 was 87%, creating possibilities for a population-based study. METHODS: Among 23,496 clinical autopsies and 7569 forensic autopsies, 213 cases with acute thromboembolic occlusion of the SMA and intestinal infarction were identified. RESULTS: A clinical suspicion of intestinal infarction was documented in 32% of the patients, only 35% being in the care of surgeons. The embolus/thrombus ratio was 1.4 to 1. Thrombotic occlusions were located more proximally than embolic occlusions (P < 0.001), intestinal infarction was more extensive (P = 0.025) and thrombotic occlusions were associated with old brain infarction (P = 0.048), aortic wall thrombosis (P = 0.080), and disseminated cancer (P = 0.079). Patients with embolic occlusions (n = 122) had a higher frequency of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than patients with thrombotic occlusions (P = 0.049). The embolic source was identified in 80%. In 115 (94%), synchronous embolism and/or source of embolus were present. There were findings of remaining cardiac thrombi in 58 (48%) and synchronous emboli affected 273 other arterial segments in 83 (68%). CONCLUSIONS: Early recognition and revascularization would have been a prerequisite for survival in at least half of the patients, since the jejunum, ileum, and colon were affected by infarction. A minority of all patients were under surgical care. AMI, cardiac thrombi, and synchronous emboli were common findings among patients with embolic occlusions.     

多排螺旋CT肠系膜血管造影诊断急性肠缺血

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT肠系膜血管造影(MDCTA)在急性肠缺血(AMI)中的应用价值.方法 对43例经临床或手术、病理证实的AMI患者行全腹MDCT平扫、动脉期和门脉期扫描,准直为0.6mm,采用容积重建(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及薄层最大密度投影(TSMIP)技术进行肠系膜动脉和静脉成像,重点观察肠系膜血管的异常表现、肠道和肠系膜异常征象.结果 导致AMI的原因为:肠系膜上动脉(SMA)栓塞4例,SMA血栓形成6例,肠系膜上静脉(SMV)血栓形成13例,SMA夹层5例,绞窄性肠梗阻10例,血管炎5例.MDCTA可清晰地显示AMI的血管异常,如血管堵塞、狭窄或夹层的部位、形态、程度和范围;显示血管走向的异常,如聚拢、推移、扭曲或扭转等;并显示侧支血管.MDCTA可明确AMI的原因,如粥样硬化斑块、栓子、血栓形成、夹层、肿瘤血管侵犯、绞窄性肠梗阻和血管炎等.结论 MDCTA能很好地显示AMI的直接征象,结合间接征象可在病变早期诊断AMI并明确病因.     

Congenital absence of the superior mesenteric artery

Atresias of the intestinal tract are one of the causes of congenital intestinal obstruction. The superior mesenteric artery supplies the midgut from the fourth portion of the duodenum to the midportion of the transverse colon. Absence of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) with subsequent absence of jejunum, ileum, appendix, and right colon is a previously unreported condition. A fetal vascular accident might result in this intestinal catastrophe.     

Back-table arterial reconstructions in liver transplantation: single-center experience

Anatomic variations of the arterial supply to donor liver grafts often require complex hepatic artery reconstructions on the back table. Therefore, because of the additional anastomoses, there is a greater risk of arterial thrombosis and graft loss. Among the 620 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) in 549 adult and pediatric patients performed from June 1983 through August 2004, the rates and types of donor hepatic artery variations (HAV) and the type of reconstructions were reviewed as well as the 1- and 5-year grafts and patient survival rates after OLT. At least 1 HAV was present in 133 liver grafts (21.4%). The most frequent variations were as follows: right hepatic artery (RHA) from superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (44 cases); RHA from aorta (4 cases); and RHA from SMA, combined with a left hepatic artery (LHA) from left gastric artery (3 cases). No graft was discarded. Fifty-six of 133 (42%) HAV required arterial reconstructions, generally a termino-terminal (TT) anastomosis between RHA and splenic artery (26 cases, 46.4%). Less frequently performed anastomoses were the "fold-over" technique (15 cases, 26.8%) and the anastomosis between the RHA and the gastro-duodenal artery (6 cases, 10.6%); rare reconstructions were performed in 9 cases (16.0%). The rate of hepatic artery thrombosis was 5.4% (3 of 56 OLT) in complex hepatic artery reconstructions and 2.2% in other grafts. One- and 5-years graft and patient actuarial survival rates have been respectively 73.2%- 71.4% in hepatic artery reconstructions and 78.6%-76.8% in the absence of an artery reconstruction, respectively.     

急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的手术探讨

目的总结手术治疗急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的临床体会,探讨常见并发血管病变的处理方法。方法1990年1月～2005年12月年收治32例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者,均在全身麻醉下行肠系膜动脉切开取栓,同时处理合并的内脏血管病变。结果30例获得临床治愈,2例分别死于呼吸衰竭和心力衰竭。术后1年复查无栓塞及局部狭窄,CTA示肠系膜上动脉通畅,侧枝循环正常。30例术后随访2～15年,23例无局部狭窄或复发,7例死于心肌梗塞或脑出血。结论早期诊断、早期切开取栓同时处理伴发疾病,可显著提高急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的临床治愈率。     

Screening for mesenteric vascular insufficiency and follow-up of mesenteric artery bypass procedures

Duplex ultrasonography is the preferred noninvasive screening test for superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac artery (CA) stenosis. Although postprandial increases in SMA peak systolic velocity (PSV) are known to occur, the principal duplex criteria for hemodynamically significant SMA and CA stenosis are based on fasting flow velocities. In the SMA, a PSV > or =275 cm/s predicts a > or =70% angiographic stenosis with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96%, whereas a CA PSV of > or =200 cm/sec predicts a > or =70% stenosis with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 80%. Patients with appropriate symptoms of chronic visceral ischemia and a duplex scan showing high-grade stenosis of the SMA, especially when combined with CA stenosis, should have a confirmatory mesenteric angiogram. This approach will facilitate prompt intervention in these patients. If the duplex examination indicates widely patent mesenteric arteries, alternative diagnoses should be investigated. Other applications of mesenteric duplex scanning include evaluation of median arcuate ligament syndrome and postoperative surveillance of mesenteric artery revascularizations.     

急性肠系膜上动脉血管闭塞的误诊原因及对策(附九例报告)

目的　探讨急性肠系膜上动脉血管闭塞的误诊原因。方法　对1987～1999年收治的9例患者进行回顾性分析。结果　就诊时明确诊断2例,术前明确诊断5例,误诊4例。抢救成功3例,死亡6例。结论　误诊原因可概括为：①本病早期缺乏特异性症状;②首诊医生对本病缺乏足够的认识;③缺乏既方便又准确的诊断手段;④手术时机把握不准。