微创封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损43例报告

目的总结微创封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损的初步经验。方法43例手术前均确诊为继发孔型房间隔缺损,缺损长径9.8～36.3mm。右前胸2～3cm切口,在食管超声心动图引导下经输送器置入封堵伞,闭合房间隔缺损。结果43例手术均获得成功。2例术中出现一过性III度房室传导阻滞,3例中等量胸腔积液,均治愈。术后3个月复查超声心动图提示肺动脉压力(38±16)mmHg较术前(52±21)mmHg显著降低(t=2.917,P=0.005)。43例随访3～21个月,(13.6±8.3)月,封堵伞无移位、无残余漏。结论微创封堵手术治疗房间隔缺损具有安全、高效的优点,适合各年龄组继发孔型房间隔缺损。     

微创封堵术治疗房间隔缺损

2005年3月至2006年3月，我们使用微创封堵术治疗42例房间隔缺损（ASD）病人，取得良好效果，现报道如下。     

微创非体外循环下封堵房间隔缺损

2004年10月至2005年10月，我们为20例房间隔缺损（房缺）病人在经食管超声心动图引导下，采用右侧小切口非体外循环下进行房间隔缺损封堵，现报道如下。     

微创右胸小切口修补房间隔缺损(附31例报告)

报告自1997年5月至1998年11月期间采用微创右胸小切口修补房间隔缺损31例的结果。原发孔房间隔缺损合并二尖瓣大瓣裂缺1例,继发孔房间隔缺损30例,其中,中央型缺损25例,上腔型缺损1例,下腔型缺损2例,合并室间隔缺损2例,合并右肺静脉异位引流2例。手术通过右胸第四肋间小切口(7～10cm)在体外循环下完成,全组无手术死亡和并发症,病人恢复快。结论:右胸小切口修补房间隔缺损是可行的,并且比传统切口具有更多的优点     

经胸小切口房间隔缺损封堵术41例报告

目的探讨经胸小切口房间隔缺损封堵术治疗房间隔缺损（atrial septal defect,ASD）的疗效。方法胸骨右旁第4肋间切口长3～4 cm,切开心包并悬吊,于右心房壁缝双荷包线,并切开,将输送导管（国产）插入右心房内,通过房间隔缺损口入左心房,在经左胸壁或食道超声监视下,释放出房间隔封堵伞,调整左右侧伞盘夹紧封堵ASD,用保险绳做反复牵拉试验,确认封堵伞位置合适,再做一针贯穿右房壁和伞边缘的褥式缝合固定。结果39例成功封堵,手术时间45～95min,平均60 min;术后住院3～6 d。术后2～24个月复查,心脏彩超检查封堵伞无移位,无残余分流。2例封堵不成功术中转开胸体外循环下完成手术。结论在经胸壁超声监视下房间隔缺损封堵术是一种微创、安全、简便,值得推广的方法。     

婴儿继发孔型房间隔缺损开胸后封堵的临床研究

随着封堵器械的日益完善，经皮介入治疗逐步成为房间隔缺损（ASD）治疗的主要方式。但由于外周血管途径的限制，介入治疗推荐年龄一般均在3岁以上。右外侧切口手术治疗因其美容性得到推广，但仍需体外循环辅助完成。所以针对低龄婴儿，可否借助介入器械，在侧开胸后经心房径路心脏跳动下完成ASD的封堵，使外科手术的创伤最小值得研究。我们回顾总结了1年内对2岁以内ASD婴儿行开胸后封堵的疗效报道如下。[第一段]     

经胸小切口封堵房间隔缺损手术效果观察

目的总结经胸小切口封堵房间隔缺损手术经验与疗效。方法2001年5月~2005年9月,我院采用非体外循环经胸小切口治疗房间隔缺损206例,房间隔缺损直径4.8~44.3 mm,其中>30 mm 100例,房间隔缺损伴膨出瘤2例。右侧第4肋间做2~3 cm小切口,显露右心房并在其外侧壁荷包缝合,将双腔推送导管穿刺入右心房,在食管超声引导下经房间隔缺损送入左心房,并释放直径比房间隔缺损最大径大4 mm的镍钛记忆合金封堵器,退出推送导管。结果206例均顺完成手术。手术时间18~32(26±7)m in。无手术死亡,无封堵器脱落。术后5 h拔除气管插管,患者当日即可下床活动。术后3 d复查彩色多普勒,无残余分流。术后住院(4±2)d。186例随访6个月,57例随访3~4.5年,病人恢复良好,彩色多普勒显示均无残余分流,心功能均正常。结论经胸小切口封堵方法治疗房间隔缺损安全可靠,适用于不能介入封堵的房间隔缺损治疗。     

微创封堵治疗房间隔缺损的临床进展

房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)是部分心房间隔组织缺损而造成左右心房间血液交通的一种先天性心脏病,约占所有心脏畸形的13％.继发性ASD是最常见类型,一般可行微创封堵治疗.目前临床常用的微创方法主要包括:X线引导经皮封堵、食管超声心动图引导经胸封堵和单纯超声引导经皮封堵,本文就封堵器材料的...     

经食管超声心动图在外科微创治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨TEE在外科微创置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）中的应用价值。方法对术前经TTE及TEE筛选的22例继发孔型ASD患者行外科微创封堵术,在TEE完成治疗全程,包括引导、监测和评估,封堵器选择、术中鞘管输送、封堵器释放及术后即刻手术效果评价。结果采用外科微创封堵术成功治疗21例患者,术后即刻TEE显示封堵器位置正常,塑形良好,无残余分流及并发症。TEE测量ASD最大径为（20.14±7.35）mm,与术中所用封堵器大小[（26.66±8.70）mm]相关性良好（r=0.949,P〈0.0001）。1例患者术中TEE显示不适于微创封堵,改行小切口外科修补术获得成功。封堵术后TTE随访3个月,封堵器位置固定,无移位,无残余分流。结论 TEE在继发孔型ASD外科微创封堵治疗术中具有重要应用价值。     

经食管实时三维超声心动图在经胸微创继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨经食管实时三维超声心动图（RT-3D-TEE）在经胸微创封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（SASD）中的应用价值。方法对TTE诊断为SASD的58例患者行经胸微创封堵治疗。术前行RT-3D-TEE检查,明确SASD的位置、类型、大小及边缘情况,以选择合适的封堵器;术中于RT-3D-TEE引导下放置封堵器;术后即刻评价封堵效果,1周后复查TTE。结果58例患者均封堵成功,3例少量残余分流;术后1周TTE检查示封堵器位置正常,均无残余分流。结论RT-3I）_TEE可立体显示SASD的部位、形态及与周围结构的空间关系,对于选择封堵器型号、全方位引导放置封堵器及术后疗效评价具有重要临床应用价值。     

Intraoperative device closure of large secundum atrial septal defects; a safe alternative to transcatheter closure

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report our short and mid-term results of intraoperative device closure (IODC) in large secundum atrial septal defects (ASD), to evaluate its safety and to determine the impact of 'short' rim on the results. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with an ASD underwent IODC through a right minithoracotomy. Patients were divided into two groups: 37 patients in group I with one short rim (< or =5 mm) and 31 in group II with sufficient rims. A 2.5-3 cm parasternal incision was made in the right third or fourth intercostal space. A specially designed plastic sheath loaded with the device was inserted through the purse-string sutures placed on the right atrium. Under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance, it was advanced through the ASD into the left atrium and the device was deployed in place. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in all patients. The maximum diameter of the ASD ranged from 20 to 37 mm (mean 25+/-5 mm). There were 16 patients with the diameter of ASD more than 30 mm. The mean size of implanted devices was 29+/-4mm. Redeployment with larger device occurred in seven patients in group I and three in group II (p>0.05). Intracardiac manipulation time was 22+/-10 min in group I and 16+/-11 min in group II (p<0.01). The total occlusion rate was 84% immediately after operation, 97% at 3 months, 98% at 1 year, and 100% at 2-, 3-, 4-year follow-up. There were no other late complications during the follow-up period of 3-63 months (mean 27+/-18 months). CONCLUSIONS: IODC is a safe and feasible technique in closing large ASDs. It has the advantages of cost savings, cosmetic results, and less trauma. Early and mid-term results are encouraging. In patients with ASD of a short rim, a larger device is recommended which does not influence the success rate of IODC.     

Results of surgical closure of isolated secundum atrial septal defect

Methods A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing surgical closure of an isolated secundum atrial septal defect, at the Postgraduate Institute, Chandigarh between January 1974 and June 2000 was performed. 740 patients were divided into two groups. Group I. Included 435 patients under 20 yrs of age (223 male), 315 (72%) were asymptomatic, 265(61%) were in sinus rhythm. Group II. included 305 patients between 21 and 53 years (96 males), 27 patients (9%) were asymptomatic, 102(33%) were in sinus rhythm. Cardiopulmonary bypass with fibrillatory arrest and/or cold blood cardioplegia were used. In group I 291 patients (67%0 and in group II 64 patients (54%) underwent direct closure of the defect. In the remaining a patch was used for closure. Results There was 1 early death in group I (0.2%) and four in group II (1.3%) 96% of symptomatic patients in group I and 87% of patients in group II were improved. There were no instances of residual shunt. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 25 years (mean 8.3 yrs) and was 89% complete. Conclusions Closure of isolated secundum ASD is best performed before the patient attains adulthood.     

全机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术

目的 总结使用"达芬奇S"(da Vinci S)机器人手术系统,心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术的经验体会.方法 2009年3月至2010年12月,使用da Vinic S机器人系统,心脏不停跳下完成继发孔型房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术40例.患者女23例,男17例;年龄平均(38±13)岁.房间隔缺损直径为1.5～3.5 cm,平均(2.8±1.3)cm,无右向左分流,伴有或不伴有三尖瓣重度关闭不全.手术经股动、静脉及右侧颈内静脉插管建立体外循环.于右侧胸壁打直径为0.8 cm的器械臂孔3个,直径为2 cm工作孔1个,术中不阻断升主动脉,经内窥镜套管持续给予二氧化碳,心脏跳动下,术者于操作台前遥控机器人进行房间隔缺损修补,三尖瓣重度关闭不全患者同期行三尖瓣成形术.其中直接缝合房间隔缺损22例,心包补片修补房间隔缺损18例,同期三尖瓣成形9例.术中食管超声评估修补及三尖瓣成形效果.对比不停跳与心脏停跳下全机器人房间隔缺损修补术的手术时间及体外循环时间.结果 所有患者均成功接受全机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术,无体循环气体栓子及残余分流等并发症.不停跳组的手术时间、机器人使用时间或体外循环时间少于停跳组.结论 机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术无需阻断升主动脉,简化了全机器人手术过程,手术效果安全可靠.

Abstract：

Objective To Summary the first 40 cases underwent robotic atrial septal defect (ASD) closure or atrial septal defect closure combined bicuspid valve plasty (TVP) using "da Vinci S" surgical System on beating heart. Methods 40 cases of atrial septal defect or combined sever tricuspid valve regurgitation were repaired using "da Vinic S" surgical system on beating heart from March 2009 to December 2010 in cardiovascular department of PLA general hospital. The average age was (38 ± 13) yeas old. 23 cases were female and 17 cases were male. All patients were ostium atrial septal defect with or without pulmonary hypertension. The atrial defect diameter was 1.5 -3.5 cm, and the mean diameter was(2. 8 ±1.3)cm. 9 patients had sever tricuspid valve regurgitation. Without sternotomy, the extracorporeal circulation was established through groin artery,groin vein and internal jugular vein cannulation with the guidance of transeophageal echocardiography. 3 ports of 8 mm and 1 working port of 2 cm were made in the right chest wall. After "da Vinci S" syetem was set up, with the assistant of bed-side surgeon, the surgeon completed the atrial septal defect closure or combined tricuspid valve plasty in the surgeon console with three dimensions visualization. During the operation, without cardioplegia administrated and aortic occlusion, the procedure was completed through right atriotomy. The pleural space was insufflated with carbon dioxide to avoid the air embolism. The direct suturing was used in 22 cases and pericardial patch were used in 18 cases. 9 patients accepted concurrent De Vega tricuspid valve plasty. The transesophageal echocardiography were used to evaluate the result of atrial defect closure or tricuspid valve repair. The operation time, robotic using time and cardiopulmonary time were compared with totally robotic atrial defect repair in arrested heart. Results All cases were accomplished successfully without complication. There was no residual shunt and air embolism. The operation time, robotic using time and cardiopulmonary time were less than the arrested group. Conclusion Robotic atrial septal defect closure or combined tricuspid valve repair on beating heart can avoid aortic ocllusion and can be utilized effectively and safely.     

Different approaches for minimally invasive closure of atrial septal defects

Background. To improve the acceptance of cosmetic results after closure of atrial septal defects, anterior or lateral thoracotomies are preferred rather than median sternotomies. Along with the availability of minimally invasive techniques, a further reduction in incision length appeared feasible while preserving thoracic stability.

Methods. Various minimally invasive approaches differing in the type of incision and mode of cannulation have been applied under conditions of normothermic ventricular fibrillation. In technique 1 (n = 5), a right parasternal mini-incision was combined with a central aortic and bicaval cannulation. Technique 2 (n = 2) was composed of an anterior submammary mini-incision with femoral arterial and central bicaval cannulation. To optimize the surgical access, the transincisional cannulation of the superior vena cava was replaced by a percutaneous cervical cannulation (technique 3, n = 17).

Results. Effective atrial septal defect closure assessed by intraoperative echocardiography was achieved in all patients. Central neurologic complications were completely absent. Besides temporary atrial fibrillation in one case, no other cardiac complications occurred. There were no cases with complicated wound healing.

Conclusions. Along with modified cannulation techniques and intraoperative echocardiography, minimally invasive techniques can be safely applied for atrial septal defect closure. Submammary incisions were highly accepted and allowed for adequate surgical exposure.     

应用新型输送系统经胸微创封堵膜周部室间隔缺损

目的 观察应用新型输送系统经胸微创封堵膜周部室间隔缺损（VSD）效果。方法 11例膜周VSD患儿，年龄11月-12岁（中位年龄3．2岁），体重（15．8±6．4）kg，接受经胸微创非体外循环室间隔缺损封堵术。根据经食道超声心动图（TEE）选择合适的封堵器类型，然后自胸骨下端3～5cm小切口入胸，TEE引导和实时监测下穿刺右心室前壁，建立轨道，释放封堵器关闭VSD。TEE评估封堵器的位置、对主动脉瓣、房室瓣的影响以及有无残存分流。结果 11例患儿均1次封堵成功，超声引导下释放封堵器的时间为5—12min，无残余分流和主动脉瓣反流，心电监测无明显心律失常。术后3～5d出院，随访5个月以上无残余分流、主动脉瓣反流以及周围组织卡压。结论 应用新型输送系统经胸微创非体外循环下置入室间隔缺损封堵器是一种安全、有效的治疗方法，有较大临床推广价值。     

经胸骨旁途径嵴内型嵴上型室间隔缺损微创封堵术

目的 探讨经胸骨旁途径微创封堵嵴内型和嵴上型室间隔缺损(VSD)的可行性、安全性和效果.方法 全组49例,于胸骨左缘第2或第3肋间作长1.5 ～3.0 cm的切口,不进入胸膜腔,剪开心包.于右心室流出道前壁缝荷包,穿刺,插入携带相应封堵器的特制输送管,在经食管超声引导下,经VSD进入左心室,依次推出封堵器左、右伞,卡闭VSD.结果 本组成功封堵47例(96％),其中嵴内型26例,嵴上型21例.VSD平均直径嵴内型(4.4±1.7) mm,嵴上型(2.7±0.9)mm.置入封堵器型号:嵴内型(7.0±2.3) mm,嵴上型(4.8±1.1)mm.心内操作平均(17±16) min.随访3～ 24个月,无封堵器脱落、主动脉瓣受累等并发症.结论 经胸骨旁途径微创封堵直径8 mm以下的嵴内型和5 mm以下的嵴上型VSD是简单、安全、可行的.     

50岁以上房间隔缺损介入与外科治疗的对比研究

目的　探讨高龄继发孔房间隔缺损 (ASD)病人的最佳治疗方式。方法　收集 5年来 5 0岁以上继发孔ASD行常规外科手术修补 5 3例和同期经导管介入Amplatzer双盘封堵器堵闭ASD 4 2例的资料进行分析 ,两组病例均采用彩色多普勒超声心动图测量心尖四腔心的右室长径、肺动脉压、三尖瓣反流面积、左室舒张末内径 ,左室射血分数等进行对比。结果　外科手术组成功 5 2例 ,成功率 98 1% ,术后出现脑栓塞、心包积液等并发症 13例 ( 2 4 5 % ) ,死亡 1例 ( 1 9% )。导管介入组堵闭成功率 97 6 % ,仅 1例于术后第 4d封堵器脱落移位至肺动脉。两组术后超声心动图复查显示 ,右心室超负荷明显改善 ,右心腔缩小 ,肺动脉高压改善或消失 ;住院天数外科组为 ( 19 8± 12 2 3)d ;介入组 ( 5 0± 2 5 )d。结论　外科手术治疗ASD适应证范围较介入组宽 ,对合并心脏结构明显异常者 ,需行外科手术 ,方可矫正血流动力学异常。介入组术前病例选择非常重要 ,严格掌握适应证范围和尽可能准确地了解ASD的最大直径 ,恰当选择封堵器的大小极为重要 ,经筛选的高龄ASD病人应用经导管介入治疗成功率高、并发症少、疗效好 ,恢复得快。     

Surgical closure of atrial septal defect

Background: Closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) vis median sternotomy (MS) is a simple procedure for most cardiac surgeons. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has recently been applied in the management of intracardiac lesions. Methods: We report our experience in surgical closure of isolated ASD via MICS in 60 patients and via MS in 58 patients. There was no difference between these two groups in gender, age, body weight, ratio of systemic to pulmonary blood flow, and pulmonary arterial pressure. Results: The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly longer in the MICS group than in the MS group [27 to 126 min (42 ± 12) and 14 to 158 min (27 ± 11), respectively; (p < 0.001]. However, the length of incision, incidence of temporary pacemaker wire insertion rate, duration of endotracheal intubation, timing of oral intake, postoperative day drainage amount, incidence of parenteral analgesic injection, postoperative length of stay, and return to normal activity interval were significant shorter and lower in patients of the MICS group than in those of the MS group. All the patients recovered rapidly from the surgery. Follow-up was complete in all patients, with no late complications and no residual shunt. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MICS is a good option for surgical closure of ASD. Received: 4 June 1997/Accepted: 29 October 1997     

改良机器人手术方式行房间隔缺损修补术22例

目的 总结使用“达芬奇”（da Vinci S）机器人手术系统行体外循环下房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补＋三尖瓣成形术的经验体会.方法 2013年7月至2013年10月回顾性研究,使用da Vinic S机器人系统,体外循环下完成继发孔型房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补＋三尖瓣成形术22例.患者女16例,男6例;年龄平均（36.5±5.8）岁.房间隔缺损直径为2.5～4.1 cm,平均（3.8±1.3）cm,左向右分流,2例伴有三尖瓣中度关闭不全,2例伴有右侧胸膜腔部分粘连.手术经股动、静脉插管,于右侧胸壁打3个孔,采用我院成熟全腔镜心脏手术技术建立体外循环,阻断升主动脉,切开右心房后,再连接机器人手术系统,术者于操作台前遥控机器臂进行房间隔缺损修补,三尖瓣中度关闭不全患者同期行三尖瓣成形术.其中直接缝合房间隔缺损20例,补片修补房间隔缺损2例,同期三尖瓣成形及胸膜粘连松解各2例.结果 22例均成功接受机器人房间隔缺损修补术或房间隔缺损修补＋三尖瓣成形术,手术时间1.5 ～ 3.5 h,平均（2.3±0.6）h;后10例手术时间体外循环（58.6±18.3） min,升主动脉阻断（26.8±8.6） min,术后呼吸机辅助（5.8±1.6）h.胸液引流量50 ～ 300 ml,平均（150±32） ml,平均1～2d拔除胸腔闭式引流管.术后住院时间（5.6±1.4）d.均无中转开胸、院内死亡及术后并发症发生.全组术后3～5d超声心动图示手术效果满意,患者均顺利出院.随访1个月～3个月,无残余分流,下肢静脉血栓形成,心功能均为Ⅰ级,超声心动图检查结果满意.结论 改良达芬奇S机器人手术方式体外循环下房缺修补术安全可靠,疗效满意,且进一步缩短手术时间,创伤小、恢复快,具有良好的发展前景.