Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with bone loss

Twenty-five patients aged 19-62 years were treated for tibial nonunions (22 atrophic, three hypertrophic) with bone loss (1-23 cm, mean 6.2 cm) by the Ilizarov technique and fixator. Thirteen had chronic osteomyelitis, 19 had a limb-length discrepancy (2-11 cm), 12 had a bony defect (1-16 cm), and 13 had a deformity. Six had a bone defect with no shortening, 13 had shortening with no defect, and six had both a bone defect and shortening. Nonunion, bone defects, limb shortening, and deformity can all be addressed simultaneously with the Ilizarov apparatus. Bone defects were closed from within without bone grafts by the Ilizarov bone transport technique of sliding a bone fragment internally, producing distraction osteogenesis behind it until the defect is bridged (internal lengthening). Length was reestablished by distraction of a percutaneous corticotomy or through compression and subsequent distraction of the pseudarthrosis site (external lengthening). Distraction osteogenesis resulting from both processes obviated the need for a bone graft in every case. Deformity was corrected by means of hinges on the apparatus. Infection was treated by radical resection of the necrotic bone and internal lengthening to regenerate the excised bone. Union was achieved in all cases. The mean time to union was 13.6 months, but it was only 10.6 months if the time taken for unsuccessful compression-distraction of the nonunion is eliminated from the calculation. The bone results were excellent in 18 cases, good in five, and fair in two based on union in all cases, persistent infection in three, deformity in four, and limb shortening in one. The functional results were excellent in 16 cases, good in seven, fair in one, and poor in one based on return to work and daily activities in all cases, limp in four cases, equinus deformity in five cases, dystrophy in four cases, pain in four cases, and voluntary amputation for neurogenic pain in one case.     

Treatment of chronic osteitis of the femur]

Since May 1990, we have treated seven patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the femur. The Ilisarov apparatus was used in three of these cases for fixation and in four cases for segment transport. The treatment of four patients is now complete. We have not found any problems in bone regeneration. The use of pins in the proximal and middle thirds of the femur has proved problematic due to the soft tissue damage. Instead of this, we recommend using Schanz screws, which can be fixed to the arch with the AO lock. Moreover, it is easier to shorten the 180 degrees arch to 90 degrees or 120 degrees using the Schanz screws. To prevent problems, it is better to assemble the apparatus before use and to take into consideration the anatomical and functional situation.     

应用Orthofix重建外固定架治疗骨缺损

目的 总结应用Orthofix重建外固定架分别利用骨运输术、一期清创 短缩肢体 截骨延长技术以及一期清创 短缩肢体 二期截骨延长技术治疗26例骨缺损的经验，探索肢体安全短缩的限度。方法 在患肢上安放Orthofix重建外固定架。对17例胫骨和2例股骨骨缺损5～22cm者行骨运输术。对5例胫骨干骨缺损小于5cm合并皮肤缺损及感染者和1例股骨干骨缺损4cm合并感染者行一期清创 短缩肢体 延长技术进行治疗。对2例胫骨缺损5cm和1例股骨干骨缺损4cm者合并感染的患者采用先一期清创 部分短缩肢体，术后继续短缩肢体，二期截骨延长恢复肢体的长度。截骨术后10～14d开始延长，每天4次，每天延长1mm。16例胫骨和2例股骨在远、近缺损端相遇后于骨缺损端行清创术和自体骨植骨术。结果 平均随访13个月。骨缺损均得以重建，患肢肢体长度完全恢复，骨折愈合，无感染复发。在5例使用一期清创 短缩 延长法的胫骨缺损和1例行一期短缩 延长法的股骨缺损患者中，3例胫骨和1例股骨短缩至4cm时出现血管危象，立即恢复1cm长度后肢体远端血运恢复。术后第3天开始继续短缩肢体，每天4mm，每天4次。1例术后出现腓总神经麻痹，术后2个月恢复。4例胫骨缺损患者诉膝部疼痛。3例胫骨缺损患者出现马蹄内翻足。2例胫骨缺损患者出现下胫腓分离。结论 应用Orthofix重建外固定架进行骨运输是治疗骨缺损的有效方法，谨慎使用短缩 延长技术。对于软组织有损伤的肢体一期短缩不应超过3cm，可以于术后第2天开始继续短缩，每天短缩4mm，每天4次，每次1mm。     

The treatment of infected nonunions and segmental defects of the tibia by the methods of Ilizarov.

Circular external fixation using the Ilizarov apparatus combined with internal bone transport or compression-distraction techniques were used to treat 28 patients with infected nonunions or segmental bone loss of the tibia. There were 22 males and six females with an average age of 34 years (range, 17-58 years). Six of 28 patients had infected tibial nonunions associated with hemicircumferential bone loss. These tibiae were treated by anterior hemicircumferential corticotomy and partial bone fragment internal transport. Fifteen of the remaining 22 patients had an average of 4 cm of segmental bone loss (range, 2-7 cm). Seven patients without shortening or defect had infected nonunions associated with extensive diaphyseal sequestrae. These nonunions were treated by en bloc resection of the diaphyseal shaft and internal bone transport. All patients healed their infected extremities without the addition of cancellous bone graft, microvascular fibular, or soft-tissue grafting. Preoperative shortening was present in 13 of 28 patients. Regenerate new bone formation averaged 6 cm (range, 1.5-22 cm). Postoperative antibiotics were not administered in 21 of 28 patients. In seven patients, antibiotics were given for ten days after en bloc resection of the diaphyseal sequestrae. Equal limb length was maintained in 21 extremities, within 1 cm in five tibiae and less than 3 cm in two tibiae. Functional results were good to excellent in 21, fair in six, and poor in one. The application of Ilizarov techniques to diaphyseal infected nonunions and segmental defects is very encouraging. It may prove to be an excellent technique for future management of resistant diaphyseal infections of bone.     

髓内延长修复儿童股骨骨髓炎后骨缺损

目的探讨髓内延长修复儿童股骨干化脓性骨髓炎后大段溶骨性缺损的疗效及其优越性。方法应用带锁髓内钉植入后进行骨痂延长术修复21例因化脓性骨髓炎导致的股骨骨缺损。结果随访6个月~2年,21例患者股骨骨缺损均获愈合并恢复了长度。结论植入带锁髓内钉后进行骨痂延长术是治疗儿童股骨骨髓炎后骨缺损的良好方法。     

Periarticular large bone defects treatment with ring external fixator

BackgroundJoint stiffness and limited bone stock for fixation were the main problems in management of periarticular bone defects. The present study aimed to report clinical and radiographic outcome of periarticular, large (≥8 cm) bone defects treated with ring external fixator.Materials and methodsSeventeen patients (10 males and 7 females) who had periarticular bone loss at the minimum of 8 cm were treated with ring external fixator. Acute shortening and subsequent lengthening at the corticotomy site were performed in 5 patients. Bone transport was performed in 12 patients. Clinical outcome and radiographic outcome were reviewed.ResultsSeventeen patients (10 males and 7 females). Mean age was 31.1 years (9–52 years). Mean bone gap was 9.17 cm (8–14 cm.). Mean follow-up period was 39.7 months (30–60 months). Fracture united primarily in 14 cases and after iliac bone graft in 2 cases. One patient had nonunion. Based on ASAMI evaluation;The bone result was excellent, good, and poor in 13, 3, and 1 patients, respectively. The functional results were excellent and good in 14 and 3 patients respectively. Ten patients had superficial pin tract infection.ConclusionPeriarticular large bone defects were successfully treated with ring external fixator by bone transport or acute shortening and subsequent lengthening at corticotomy site. Superficial pin tract infection and joint stiffness were common problems in management of periarticular large bone defects. Early convert to internal fixation after achieve the acceptable length or after successfully bony contact of bone transport fragment to allowed early motion of the joint was recommend. Good to excellent functional outcomes were achieve in majority of the patients.     

Bifocal compression-distraction in the acute treatment of grade III open tibia fractures with bone and soft-tissue loss: a report of 24 cases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of bifocal compression-distraction method for the acute treatment of open tibia fractures with bone and soft-tissue loss. DESIGN: Patients were selected for bifocal compression-distraction (shortening and lengthening) who had open tibia fractures with bone and soft-tissue loss and a Mangled Extremity Severe Score of 6 and below indicating good leg viability. PATIENTS: Bifocal compression-distraction osteogenesis using the Ilizarov type circular external fixator was applied to 24 patients with 14 grade IIIA and 10 grade IIIB open tibia fractures with bone and soft-tissue loss. Mean age of the patients was 30.6 years (range 18-53). The mean bone defect was 5 cm (range 3-8.5). The mean soft tissue defect was 2.5 x 3.5 (1 x 2-10 x 5) cm. INTERVENTIONS: Acute shortening at the fracture site was done for patients with bone defects up to 3 cm to achieve apposition of bone ends. Gradual shortening at a rate of 2 mm/d was done for patients who had bone defects more than 3 cm. Leg length discrepancy was overcome by lengthening at the same time through a corticotomy at a proximal or distal level depending on fracture localization, until there was equalization of leg lengths. RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 30 months (range 18-60). Mean bone healing time was 7.5 months (range 4-11). The mean time in external fixation was 7.1 months (range 3-10), and the average external fixator index was 1.4 months/cm. Results were evaluated using the Paley bone and functional assessment scores. The bone assessment results were excellent in 21 and good in 3 patients. Functional assessment scores were excellent in 19, good in 4, and fair in 1 patient. Pin site infections were present in 10.7% of the pin sites. There were 52 complications in 24 patients, for a complication rate per patient of 2.08. Of the complications, 48.1% were problems (minor complications), 38.5% obstacles (major complications requiring a surgical solution), and 13.4% sequelae (true complications). Minor complications included soft tissue inflammation and infection, translation/angulation, and delayed maturation during distraction and transient knee contracture and loss of motion. All grade 1 and 2 soft tissue inflammations and infections healed with nonoperative therapy. Major complications included pin tract infection and reinfection, equinus deformity, frame failure, and premature consolidation, all of which required additional surgery to correct the problem. Sequelae included leg length discrepancy, loss of knee/ankle range of motion, knee flexion contracture, malalignment, and chronic osteomyelitis. CONCLUSION: Bifocal compression-distraction osteogenesis is a safe, reliable, and largely successful method for the acute treatment of open tibia fractures with bone and soft-tissue loss. Further nonoperative or operative treatment can correct most complications.     

Behandlungskonzept bei chronisch infizierten (Defekt-)Pseudarthrosen

Infected non-union with any degree of bone defect is usually the consequence of inadequate treatment of posttraumatic or postoperative infection. Chronic infection leads to necrosis of soft tissues and bone, which prevents healing of the fracture unless removed. While some years ago hesitant and incomplete debridement with necrectomy and sequestrectomy was performed in such cases, uncompromising revision surgery with radical necrectomy is now recommended, with only important structures such as vessels and nerves preserved. The management of infected non-unions is based on well-established techniques of soft tissue and bone reconstruction. Smaller bone defects can be filled by cancellous bone grafting. For larger defects callus distraction after corticotomy with segment transfer is the treatment of choice. This is performed using different external fixators or intramedullary nails for transportation of the segment. These techniques allow anatomical and functional recovery of chronically infected non-unions and a significant reduction of recurrent infection with fistulae and sequestration.     

Management of combined bone defect and limb-length discrepancy after tibial chronic osteomyelitis

Bone defects and leg shortening due to chronic osteomyelitis are rare yet challenging problems to treat. The aim of this study was to summarize our experience with a distraction osteogenesis technique performed with an external fixator for these conditions. Twenty-three consecutive patients with tibial bone defects and limb-length discrepancy caused by osteomyelitis were treated from January 1994 to January 2009. Thirteen boys and 10 girls had a mean age of 12.2 years (range, 8-16 years). Twenty of the 23 patients (87.0%) had undergone an unsuccessful bone grafting procedure. Mean amount of bone defect was 3.6 cm (range, 1.5-6.2 cm) as measured on plain radiographs. Mean leg-length discrepancy was 4.0 cm (range, 0-8.0 cm). All patients were followed for a mean of 116 months (range, 31-182 months). Mean external fixation index was 48.0 days/cm (range, 40.7-66.5 days/cm). Mean lengthening was 9.3 cm (range, 5.8-12.1 cm). Based on the criteria recommended by Paley et al, 16 bone results were excellent, 6 good, and 1 fair. Fifteen functional results were excellent, 7 good, 1 fair, and 0 poor. This study shows that distraction osteogenesis with an external fixator is an effective treatment for massive postosteomyelitis bone defects and leg shortening.     

Transfer of free vascularized bone and skin-bone autografts: experiences in the application of external fixation apparatus

The results of transfer of free vascularized bone and skin-bone autografts in 95 patients with defects (54) and nonunions (41) of tubular bones of different genesis are presented. In 71 cases, an external fixation apparatus was used for purposes of osteosynthesis. In 50 cases, the Ilizarov apparatus was applied prior to osteoplasty to correct deformity and fully or partially to correct a shortening of the extremity bone segment. In seven cases, lengthening of the bone segment was performed using an external fixation apparatus after osteoplastic reconstruction of the defect. Treatment was completed in 76 cases (80.0 percent); of these, the outcome was positive in 89.5 percent of cases. Failure was recorded in 10.5 percent of cases. The advantages of using an external fixation apparatus in combination with vascularized bone and osteocutaneous autografts are discussed.     

Osteitis Unterschenkel

Osteomyelitis patients feel their social and professional existence is threatened. Health insurances are faced with total treatment costs for each patient with osteomyelitis, which can reach 500.000,00 EUR. We must therefore make every effort, from the first onset of infection, to prevent the condition from becoming chronic and thus keep the potential problems to patients and insurance companies to a minimum: once the condition has become chronic there is absolutely no guarantee that treatment will be successful. Treatment must start with the removal of absolutely all necrotic tissue – soft tissue and bone – and of all implants. As in tumor surgery, en bloc resection is best. Up to now there is still no means of determining the exact limits of the infection. The surgeons's personal experience with osteomyelitis is the most important factor both in the treatment of these cases and therefore in the containment of treatment costs. Bone reconstruction is attempted after the soft tissue defects have been treated, either by bone grafting (defect < 3 cm) or by segment transfer. Modern techniques of reconstruction surgery can yield quite good results even in chronic oxteomyelitis, providing management has been optimum throughout. Patients with osteomyelitis should therefore be treated in specialist hospitals.     

微创Ilizarov外固定架治疗胫骨感染性骨不连

目的评价Ilizarov外固定架下采用骨延长技术治疗胫骨感染性骨不连的临床结果及功能情况。方法22例胫骨感染性骨不连患者感染端进行清创后骨缺损的长度为4．1～12．6（6．72±2．42）cm。其中21例为小面积软组织缺损者,采用局部皮瓣转移覆盖,1例大面积软组织缺损者（8cm×5cm）,采用腓肠肌皮瓣转移术覆盖创面,22例均采用Ilizarov外固定架进行骨延长治疗。结果22例均获得随访,时间12～24（17．64±3．84）个月。骨不连均获得愈合,愈合时间7～19（9．86±3．01）个月,感染均得到控制。10例在延长过程中有局部针道渗液,治疗后愈合。牵引成骨的长度为4．1～12．6（6．72±2．42）cm。根据Paley骨折愈合评分标准：优13例,良7例,中2例。结论对于胫骨感染性骨不连,使用Ilizarov外固定架进行骨延长治疗临床结果及功能恢复满意。     

Cavitary osteomyelitis treated by fragmentary cortical bone transportation.

Fragmentary cortical bone transportation can be used to fill large gaps in chronic cavitary osteomyelitis when standard techniques have failed. A low-energy corticotomy can create a loose fragment of cortex with periosteal attachments and surface blood supply still intact. This "vital" fragment can be gradually pulled across a defect within a bone to restore the integrity of the bone segment by distraction osteogenesis. The biologic principles for successful distraction osteogenesis by this innovative technique are illustrated in a 41-year-old man with chronic cavitary (150 cc) (four years) osteomyelitis refractory to multiple debridements, Papineau grafting, gentamicin beads, and tricalcium phosphate.     

Transverse debridement and acute shortening followed by distraction histogenesis in the treatment of open tibial fractures with bone and soft tissue loss

This retrospective case series evaluates the technique of transverse debridement, acute shortening and subsequent distraction histogenesis in the management of open tibial fractures with bone and soft tissue loss, thereby avoiding the need for a soft tissue flap to cover the wound. Thirty-one patients with Gustilo grade III open tibial fractures between 2001 and 2011 were initially managed with transverse wound extensions, debridement and shortening to provide bony apposition and allowing primary wound closure without tension, or coverage with mobilization of soft tissue and split skin graft. Temporary monolateral external fixation was used to allow soft tissues resuscitation, followed by Ilizarov frame for definitive fracture stabilization. Leg length discrepancy was corrected by corticotomy and distraction histogenesis. Union was evaluated radiologically and clinically. Patients’ mean age was 37.3 years (18.3–59.3). Mean bone defect was 3.2 cm (1–8 cm). Mean time to union was 40.1 weeks (12.6–80.7 weeks), and median frame index was 75 days/cm. Median lengthening index (time in frame after corticotomy for lengthening) was 63 days/cm. Mean clinic follow-up was 79 weeks (23–174). Six patients had a total of seven complications. Four patients re-fractured after frame removal, one of whom required a second frame. Two patients required a second frame for correction of residual deformity, and one patient developed a stiff non-union which united following a second frame. There were no cases of deep infection. Acute shortening followed by distraction histogenesis is a safe method for the acute treatment of open tibial fractures with bone and soft tissue loss. This method also avoids the cost, logistical issues and morbidity associated with the use of local or free-tissue transfer flaps and has a low rate of serious complications despite the injury severity.     

胫后血管蒂小腿内侧复合组织瓣的临床应用

目的探讨以胫后血管为蒂小腿内侧复合组织瓣的临床应用效果和有关问题。方法1992年9月～1999年5月应用小腿内侧复合组织瓣修复四肢骨和软组织缺损12例,其中开放性骨折并骨和软组织缺损7例,慢性溃疡并骨髓炎2例,恶性黑色素瘤2例,骨肿瘤切除术后骨和软组织缺损1例。缺损范围2.5cm×5.0cm～4.5cm×11.0cm。游离移植5例,桥式转移3例,逆行移位4例,其中骨膜肌皮瓣加自体松质骨或同种异体脱钙骨移植8例,肌皮瓣4例。皮瓣最大12cm×25cm,最小6cm×8cm。结果10例皮瓣全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合;2例皮瓣远端小部分坏死,经切除坏死痂皮后换药,创面Ⅱ期愈合。10例创面修复后16周X线片示骨愈合。术后经6～18个月随访,除1例术后2个月死于肿瘤转移外,其余均取得满意效果。结论小腿内侧复合组织瓣血供充分,血管口径粗,蒂长,皮瓣切取面积大,是修复肢体大面积软组织缺损合并骨缺损的理想组织瓣。     

Outcome of rail fixator system in reconstructing bone gap

Background:

Bone loss following open fracture or infected gap nonunion is a difficult situation to manage. There are many modes of treatment such as bone grafting, vascularized bone grafting and bone transport by illizarov and monolateral fixator. We evaluated the outcome of rail fixator treatment in reconstructing bone and limb function. We felt that due to problems such as heavy apparatus, persistent pain, deformity of joints and discomfort caused by an Ilizarov ring fixator, rail fixator is a good alternative to treat bone gaps.

Materials and Methods:

20 patients (17 males and 3 females with mean age 30.5 years) who suffered bone loss due to open fracture and chronic osteomyelitis leading to infected gap nonunion. Ten patients suffered an open fracture (Gustilo type II and type III) and 10 patients suffered bone gap following excision of necrotic bone after infected nonunion. There were 19 cases of tibia and one case of humerus. All patients were treated with debridement and stabilization of fracture with a rail fixator. Further treatment involved reconstructing bone defect by corticotomy at an appropriate level and distraction by rail fixator.

Result:

We achieved union in all cases. The average bone gap reconstructed was 7.72 cm (range 3.5-15.5 cm) in 9 months (range 6-14 months). Normal range of motion in nearby joint was achieved in 80% cases. We had excellent to good limb function in 85% of cases as per the association for the study and application of the method of ilizarov scoring system[ASAMI] score.

Conclusion:

All patients well tolerated rail fixator with good functional results and gap reconstruction. Easy application of rail fixator and comfortable distraction procedure suggest rail fixator a good alternative for gap reconstruction of limbs.     

Ilizarov bone transport after massive tibial trauma: Case report

IntroductionThis is a case report of extreme lengthening of the tibia of about 14.5 cm using bone transport technique following road traffic accident trauma to the lower limbs. The management of the subsequent massive skeletal defects was challenging to orthopedic surgeons. Based on reported cases, the highest tibial lengthening was 22 cm using bifocal transport, while the highest unifocal tibial lengthening reached 14.5 cm.Case presentationA 20-year-old male driver was brought to the emergency department after a road traffic accident. The patient had a right Gustilo IIIA segmental open tibia fracture with bone loss and other severe injuries. The tibial defect was 14.5 cm and the patient was then admitted for Ilizarov application six months after the accident. Although this case was particularly complicated, full limb length was restored.DiscussionThe management of this case was directed to correct the deformities and achieve equal length of both limbs to restore the normal function. Several new techniques have been developed recently to fill large bone defects. Limb lengthening using bone transport technique by application of Ilizarov ring fixator has been suggested as the leading option in filling massive bone gaps.ConclusionThe use of bone transport technique using Ilizarov external rings has proved to be a minimally invasive and reliable method in managing massive bone defects. Accurate application of the Ilizarov frame and proper transport of the middle segment are important factors alleviating the risk for deviation of the transported segment. However, due to the need for regular follow-ups and monitoring, it demands high compliance from the patient to achieve optimal results.     

单边外固定架骨段滑移术治疗部分骨缺损

  目的 探索使用单边外固定架骨段滑移术治疗部分骨缺损的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2008年12月至2009年7月治疗的3例部分骨缺损患者的病例,男2例,女1例;年龄分别为50、50、24岁。左胫骨近段内侧骨缺损2例,其中1例骨缺损长5 cm,宽占该区直径1/3~2/3,合并宽5 cm、长3 cm皮肤缺损;另1例骨缺损,长6 cm,宽3 cm;1例右股骨远段外侧骨缺损,长13 cm,宽占全部周径的1/3~2/3,骨面为贴骨瘢痕,长15 cm,宽7 cm。彻底清创后,安装Orthofix公司肢体重建系统;自胫骨缺损远侧缘起向远侧,沿胫骨前方取一10 cm长纵行切口,采用多孔技术行截骨术。术后第14天开始牵拉骨质,速度为1 mm/d, 4次/d。结果 3例患者随访时间分别为14、28、24个月。2例胫骨缺损患者分别在截骨术后8个月和6个月影像学检查示新生骨形成良好,被滑移骨段与宿主骨愈合,故去除外固定架,患侧髋、膝和踝关节活动范围同健侧。股骨缺损患者截骨术后因调错牵开器方向,骨段滑移术不成功;2个月后再次实施截骨及骨段滑移术,术后10个月新生骨形成良好,拆除外固定架;术后17个月患者可独自站立和持手杖行走,膝关节僵直于中立位,无感染及复发。结论 使用单边外固定架行骨段滑移术可治疗部分骨缺损;该方法具有肢体畸形发生率低,外固定架带架时间短及避免供区损伤等优点。     

骨段滑移术治疗胫骨缺损合并软组织缺损

目的总结骨段滑移术治疗胫骨长节段骨缺损合并小腿软组织缺损的疗效、适应证及术后康复在促进功能恢复中的作用。方法在2005年1月到2011年1月6年间治疗胫骨长节段性骨缺损合并小腿软组织缺损共13例,男性10例,女性3例;年龄16～35岁,平均24岁。胫骨缺损部位在胫骨中下段11例,在胫骨中上段2例。缺损长度7～15cm,平均9cm。软组织缺损位于小腿的前内侧,范围3cm×2cm～18cm×10cm。采用Orthofix重建外固定架,一期截骨,7d后开始延长,每日1mm,到胫骨远近缺损骨端紧密对合,维持固定直至骨愈合。小腿软组织缺损感染重、渗出多者使用负压封闭引流技术。术后进行康复治疗。结果从开始治疗到去除外固定架,治疗用时11～23个月,平均18个月。13例胫骨骨缺损获得重建,患肢肢体长度与健侧相差小于2cm,截骨延长新生骨部分愈合良好。11例骨缺损接触端自行愈合,有2例骨折断端软组织内陷阻止骨端接触,1例采用软组织松解,1例行软组织松解加自体植骨术。创面均得到覆盖。闭合的创面部分凹陷为贴骨瘢痕,遇阴雨天不适。骨段滑移过程中在牵开3cm左右时患者感到小腿疼痛,对症治疗后大多可继续进行延长,有4例停止延长3～5d后继续延长直至完成。外固定架未出现固定钉明显松动现象,中间2枚固定钉在滑移的中后期有不同程度的对皮肤切割现象,将皮肤钉孔拉成椭圆形,此钉孔在骨段滑移停止后3周左右恢复正常。所有患者膝关节活动正常,踝关节背伸活动可达15°～30°。结论骨段滑移术是治疗胫骨长节段骨缺损合并软组织缺损的一种较好的方法,最适合的病例是胫骨中上段或中下段长节段骨缺损合并软组织缺损,胫骨近端和远端有置入固定钉的足够长度,腓骨完整性较好的患者。结合康复治疗可使伤残肢体功能最大限度地恢复。     

骨段撑开转移治疗骨缺损国外进展

节段性骨缺损是下肢开放性骨折中较严重的损伤,传统的治疗包括:采用外固定支架稳定骨折、应用游离组织移植修复软组织缺损创面以及用带血管或不带血管的骨移植修复骨缺损.骨段撑开转移是治疗骨缺损的一种新方法.适宜治疗3～12 cm的骨干缺损,仅需行少量松质骨移植以促进局部骨愈合.而常规治疗方法植骨量较大.因而,供骨区并发症较少.而且,不需行游离组织移植修复创面.缺点是相对复杂,治疗时间长.当病例选择适当以及对技术掌握完善时,对某些骨缺损病例的治疗,才能充分发挥其优越性.