基于智能手机的生物传感器及其在即时检测中的应用进展

日常健康管理对即时检测(POCT)的需求不断增加,而生物传感器作为一类高灵敏、微型化的生物标志物检测仪器,在POCT中具有巨大的应用潜能。近年来,智能手机的普及和生物传感器技术的进步促进了基于智能手机的生物传感器的发展,这类生物传感器具有便携、快速、低成本、易操作等优点,可以满足POCT对生物传感器日益严格的要求。从基于智能手机的光学生物传感器技术(包括显微镜成像技术、比色技术、荧光技术、生物发光技术和表面等离子共振SPR技术)和电化学生物传感器技术(包括电流法、电位法以及阻抗法)两个方面,介绍了基于智能手机的生物传感器及其在POCT研究中的应用,并关注了其在航天医学领域的应用潜力。     

生物传感器及其化生侦检应用

生物传感器技术是目前一项重要的高新技术，在军事医学领域具有广阔的应用前景，本文概述了生物传感器的基本概念，分类，发展及趋势，综述了生物传感器在化生战剂侦检中的应用，对我军开展相关研究提出了建议。     

压电免疫生物传感器的研究进展

介绍了就压电免疫生物传感器的基本构成、工作原理及其在细胞生长的监测、核酸杂交及微重免疫检测、细菌及病毒的检验、气相分析等方面的应用和研究进展，并分析了压电免疫生物传感器存在的问题。     

美正研制基于光可寻址定位传感器的生物战剂检测器

在“美国90年代化学生物防护需要”会议上,美陆军化学研究发展与工程中心阿伯丁试验场研究人员报告,正从事基于光可寻址定位传感器(LAPS)的生物战剂检测器的研究。 根据“1985年化学生物侦察、检测、鉴定总体计划”确定需研制小型、轻便化生战剂检测器,目标是使之可用于各种高度机动行动,包括战斗、战斗支援、战勤保障以及侦察,具有最大     

DNA电化学生物传感器检测病原微生物的应用研究进展

病原微生物的快速检测对于疫情防控具有重要意义。与传统检测方法相比,DNA电化学生物传感器在检测度、灵敏度、检测成本与便携性等方面有诸多优势。该文综述了DNA电化学生物传感器的工作原理及其在病原体检测中的应用,重点阐述了核酸四面体结构探针和新型纳米材料在DNA电化学生物传感器中的最新进展,以及DNA电化学生物传感器检测技术在病原体现场快速检测中面临的挑战和发展趋势。     

金自组膜固定生物分子技术在核酸及免疫传感器中的应用

本综述了金表面自组装技术固定生物分子的方法及其在核酸传感器和免疫传感器中的应用。包括金表面自组装技术的原理；金硫键的形成；金电极及金膜的沉积制作技术：热蒸发沉积、电子束蒸发沉积、飞溅沉积等；金表面Piranha溶液的清洁与处理；自组装常用试剂：含巯基或二硫键的化合物；金自组膜单层的取向度特性、针眼对固定生物分子的影响；自组膜活泼尾基的活化方法及偶联生物分子的方法；金自组装技术在核酸传感器及免疫传感器中固定核酸、蛋白质的应用，包括在电化学、表面等离子体共振、石英微天平、光学波导测定等核酸与免疫传感器中的应用。     

生物传感器及其在军事医学中的应用

生物传感器技术在军事医学领域中具有广阔的应用前景。它具有专一、灵敏、响应快等特点 ,可用于许多混浊或粘性的生物产品和代谢中间物的测定 ,包括抗生素、维生素、氨基酸、生长因子 ,以及异生物 ,如杀虫剂、洗涤剂及合成的有机化合物等测定 ,特别是在化生战剂的侦检方面具有独特的优势。1　生物传感器工作原理生物传感器是利用生物的因子或生物学原理来检测或计量化合物的装置。它通常利用纯化的酶、免疫系统、组织、细胞器或完整细胞作为催化剂 ,这些催化剂通常被固定化 ,并与物化仪器相结合使用。物化仪器可监测被分析物质在固定的催化…     

"人体侦探"--生物传感器

随着现代科学技术的发展，科学家们在将微电子技术与不同的生物元件相结合创造出匠心独具、功能各异的生物传感器这种各显神通的“人体侦探”，在探索机体部奥秘、诊断隐匿至深的疾患、监测生理微弱变化等方面，屡立奇功。目前，生物传器在临床诊断范围上正逐步拓展，它预示医学诊断领域又一个崭新时代的到来。心脏监护美国一家传感公司制造固态硅传感器，体积小，灵敏度高，用于监心脏异常情况（如瓣膜损伤），比目前使用监护仪的诊断准确度更高。新陈代谢测定这种传感器可用来定细胞的新陈代谢状况，还能帮助医生快地为病人选择合适的药物…     

在活体模型中测试监测血pH值的植入生物传感器

前言 通过遥测技术连续监测心率、呼吸、体温等生理数据的生物传感器是可以得到的,但用于监测受     

新型低成本PEM水电解槽的研制与测试

日常健康管理中对即时检测（point-of-care testing，POCT）的需求不断增加，而生物传感器作为一类高灵敏、微型化的生物标志物检测仪器，在POCT中具有巨大的应用潜能。近年来，智能手机的普及和生物传感器技术的进步促进了基于智能手机的生物传感器的发展，基于智能手机的生物传感器具有便携、快速、低成本、易操作等优点，可以满足POCT对生物传感器日益严格的要求。从基于智能手机的光学生物传感器技术（包括显微镜成像技术、比色技术、荧光技术、生物发光技术和表面等离子共振SPR技术）和电化学生物传感器技术（包括电流、电位以及阻抗）两个方面，介绍了基于智能手机的生物传感器及其在POCT研究中的应用，并关注了其在航天医学领域的应用潜力，最后进行了总结和展望。     

The value of the internship year for radiologists: a retrospective analysis as assessed by current residents and fellows

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purposes of the study were to determine (a) if radiology residents and fellows view their internship year as a valued prerequisite for their career as a radiologist and as a physician, (b) how their postgraduate year (PGY)-1 was perceived with regard to a specific type of internship (i.e., internal medicine, transitional year, or surgery), and (c) how their internship is considered from the vantage point of their current year of training and subspecialty career choice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was sent to all current U.S. radiology residents and fellows from a list derived from the American College of Radiology database. They were polled regarding their experiences in their preliminary year (PGY-1). Responses were coded on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: Response rate for the study was 35%. Although 70% of respondents maintained that their internship year was necessary for their development as a physician, only 49% indicated that it was necessary for their development as a radiologist. Of respondents who graduated from surgical internships, 72% claimed that their PGY-1 was important for their development as a radiologist, compared to 44% of former transitional year interns and 49% of internal medicine interns (P < .001). When disaggregated by subspecialty career choice, participants were evenly divided about their perceptions of their intern year. However, among those considering interventional radiology, 67% of respondents considered their internship important to their development as a radiologist (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Overall, these data suggest that although the internship year was believed to have merit, the transitional year was least liked by radiology trainees. Efforts should be made to determine why the transitional year does not fare so well in the hope that structural improvements in it can be undertaken to make the year seem more worthwhile and more highly regarded.     

Communicating results of diagnostic mammography: what do patients think?

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate women's preferences for who (radiologist or referring physician) should communicate the results of diagnostic mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 153 women presenting to two sites for diagnostic mammography between February and June 1995 were collected with a 24-item, self-administered, closed-ended survey. For both normal and abnormal hypothetical results, contingency tables with chi2 tests and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the association, if any, between women's characteristics and their preferences. RESULTS: Women undergoing diagnostic mammography preferred that their radiologists disclose their normal (90%) and abnormal (88%) mammogram results to them immediately after their examination, rather than have their referring physicians disclose results at a later time. In the case of normal findings, women whose regular physicians were specialists were less likely to want to hear first from their radiologists (odds ratio [OR] = 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 0.77; P = .03), but women who were nervous about learning their results were more likely to want to hear first from their radiologists (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.2, 17.3; P = .03). CONCLUSION: Radiologists may want to consider assessing women's preferences for who communicates their mammogram results, as most women in this study preferred to hear these results from their radiologists rather than waiting to hear from their referring physicians.     

Recognition of radiographers in the workplace: Why it matters

IntroductionRecognition of radiographers’ work has received limited research attention to date, notably its link with wellbeing at work (i.e., job and career satisfaction) and emotional exhaustion. This research focuses on these links and examines more precisely the mediational psychological mechanism (i.e., professional identification) that could explain these relationships.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, quantitative study with data obtained through an online survey. The sample comprised 713 radiographers working in France. Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediational model.ResultsResults of structural equation analysis suggest that radiographers who perceive more professional recognition from their supervisors, colleagues and patients are those who identify most with their profession and who are most satisfied by their job and their career; they also show lower levels of emotional exhaustion. These results underline the crucial role of recognition in the workplace for these professionals.ConclusionRecognition is one of the basic needs of an individual, and satisfying this need is a crucial issue for organizations. This paper focuses on the importance of recognition for radiographers, notably to protect their psychological health and increase their well-being at work and in their professional career.Practical implicationsHealth organizations and supervisors should be aware of the importance of recognizing radiographers’ work in order to improve their psychological health, enhance their perceived quality of life at work, and have a positive perception of their career and their work.     

Australian forensic scientists: a view from the witness box

Forensic scientists occupy an important position in courts of law as expert witnesses. Despite a wealth of knowledge and experience about how scientific evidence is presented, Australian forensic scientists have not, until now, been asked for their perspective on how their evidence is used in the legal system. This paper highlights some of the results of a survey of Australian forensic scientists across a broad range of disciplines, which investigated their views on pre-trial processes, trial presentation of scientific evidence, their interaction with the judge, jury and other forensic experts, and finally, their comments on forensic science and expert evidence in general.     

Tetrahydrocannabinol vs. prochlorperazine. The effects of two antiemetics on patients undergoing radiotherapy

The authors tested the effectiveness of orally administered delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as compared to prochlorperazine for the alleviation of symptoms, such as vomiting and nausea, experienced by patients receiving radiotherapy. The test subjects rated the severity of their illness, as well as the extent of their subsequent moods, their level of concentration, their amount of physical activity, and their desire for social interaction. They chose the drug they preferred and recorded its side effects. The use of THC was slightly more beneficial than the use of prochlorperazine.     

Postural disorders induced by cochlear implantation in normo-reflexic patients: A potential origin of a transient geocentric perception disorder

BackgroundProfound hearing loss is a public health problem with serious consequences for patient's quality of life. Some of them, submitted to cochlear implantation, revealed various postural disorders such as balance and spatial perception disorders without detail on their vestibular status.Research questionThe purpose of this preliminary study was to analyze the evolution of the balance control and geocentric perception after cochlear implantation procedure in normo-reflexic patients before the implant activation.MethodsWe assessed balance control of five patients with profound hearing loss and five healthy participants by means of computerized dynamic posturography and their geocentric perception by the subjective visual vertical test before surgery, three days and forty-five days after surgery (prior to implant activation).ResultsBefore surgery, the patients showed some difficulties to control their balance in challenged postural context without geocentric perception disorder. Patients presented an improvement in their postural accuracy, but their balance control remained inappropriate in challenging environment. Moreover, their geocentric perception was deviated towards their healthy ear immediately after cochlear implantation. This misperception naturally fades before the implant activation.SignificanceThis transient spatial perception alteration might probably cause the perceived postural discomforts and the daily difficulties often reported by these patients in their clinical records early after cochlear implantation. This preliminary study allows for the first time the distinction between the both components of posture: balance control and geocentric perception. Therefore, a specific therapeutic care targeting the rehabilitation of spatial cognition could be proposed to these patients in order to reduce their transient postural disorders.     

Radiologists’ Self-Assessment Versus Peer Assessment of Perceived Probability of Recommending Additional Imaging

ObjectiveDetermine radiologist ability to accurately select the probability of recommendation of additional imaging (RAI) for themselves and colleagues when arrayed in a feedback report.MethodsIn this institutional review board–approved study, we analyzed 318,366 diagnostic imaging reports from examinations performed in the radiology department of a large quaternary teaching hospital during calendar year 2016. A validated machine learning algorithm identified reports containing RAI. A multivariable logistic regression model was then used to determine the probability of RAI. In 2018, an e-mailed survey asked radiologists to identify their own RAI probability and that of their colleagues from a report arrayed lowest to highest. Radiologists were grouped into quartiles based on their RAI probability. χ² Analysis compared self-assessment and assessment of colleagues between quartiles.ResultsForty-eight of 57 radiologists completed the survey (84.2%). Fourteen (29.2%) accurately self-identified their RAI probability (chose the correct quartile); 34 (70.8%) did not. There was no statistically significant difference between quartiles of radiologists and their ability to self-identify their RAI probability (ie, radiologists in the bottom or top quartile of RAI probabilities did not correctly predict their RAI probability). However, radiologists were better able to identify the RAI probability of their colleagues who were in the top and bottom quartiles.DiscussionRadiologists were unable to estimate their own RAI probability but were better at predicting the RAI probability of colleagues. Given that radiologists, and physicians in general, may be poor evaluators of their own performance, objective assessment tools are likely needed to help reduce unwarranted variation.     

Fluid Levels in Pediatric Imaging: A Pictorial Review

Fluid levels appearances are not uncommon findings in different diagnostic modalities including radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The significance of such signs varies according to the involved sites and the clinical settings. Familiarity with their imaging features and their diagnostic value as well as their clinical implication are of paramount importance for the radiologist and the clinician. We aim to review a spectrum of examples of fluid levels encountered with different modalities in paediatric imaging and discuss their appearances and clinical significances.     

(D,L) Polylactide microspheres as embolic agent

Summary Owing to their shape, accurately calibrated microspheres appear to be very suitable material for distal embolization. Moreover, the biocompatible (D, L) polyactide (PLA) microspheres possess two other valuable advantages: easy adjustment of their biodegradation rate, and incorporation of chemotherapeutic agents during their production. The authors describe the preparation of these (D, L) PLA microspheres and their clinical applications as a preliminary step to arterial chemoembolization.     

Accidental ingestion of magnetic foreign body in a pediatric patient: A potentially fatal attraction

Foreign body ingestion is one of the most common pediatric emergencies. As part of their cognitive development, infants and toddlers are extremely curious and constantly explore their surroundings through their senses, namely taste. The ubiquity of toys containing magnetic elements consecutively meant an increase in the cases of children ingesting said magnets. While most ingested foreign bodies, including a single magnet, will spontaneously traverse the gastrointestinal tract without problems, some may give rise to grave and potentially life-threatening complications; the latter is often seen in the presence of 2 or more magnets or paramagnetic material. The diagnosis of ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies remains a challenge, given its often ambiguous history and presentation; nonetheless, their abundance, gravity, and preventability of their complications alone should render physicians vigilant and keep a low threshold of suspicion.