Metastasizing of human melanoma on immunodeficient mice. Comparison of cell lines with different metastasizing activity

Two human melanoma cell variats-with low and high metastasizing activity-are obtained by successive passaging on mice with combined immunodeficiency. After the development of a subcutaneous tumor, tumor cells are detected only in the bloodstream of animals with a highly metastasizing tumor, in mice with combined immunodeficiency the number of these cells being much greater than that in nude mice. These results indicate a preeminent influence of the nature of tumor cells on the dissemination of metastasizing cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 206–208, February, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.     

Dissemination of human solid tumor cells in the bloodstream of immunodeficient mice

Seven human solid tumor cell lines transplanted into hereditarily immunodeficient mice (nude and beige/nude) were typed for tumor-associated surface antigens and glycoconjugates using fluorescent conjugates of 7 monoclonal antibodies, 5 lectins, and 2 ligands. With this set of 14 selected tumor markers, peripheral blood samples from mice bearing the respective tumors were examined by flow cytofluorimetry for the presence of tumor cells disseminated in their circulation. Tumor cells were detected in the blood of mice carrying a uterine tumor, indicating that the metastatic process can be followed intravitally in immunodeficient animals bearing human solid tumors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 615–618, December, 1995     

Effect of the synthetic regulatory peptide thymohexin on the production of various classes of immunoglobulins

Some mechanisms of the immunoregulatory effect produced by the new drug thymohexin (immunophan), which contains synthetic hexapeptide as a pharmacological agent, are studied. Administration of the drug in a culture of polyclonally activated mononuclear cells from healthy donors intensifies IgM, IgG, and IgA production and inhibits IgE synthesis. Treating intact mononuclear cells with thymohexin does not significantly affect the production of immunoglobulins. The drug is found to intensify IgA synthesis in cases of genetically determined insufficiency and to suppress the production of IgE by lymphocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis. The immunoregulatory effect of the drug is shown to be mediated via cell-cell interaction in the system of transfer of thymohexin-activated mononuclears. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 417–420, October, 1994     

Effects of various human interleukin-2 preparations and lymphokine-activated killer cells on the production of antibodies in micein vivo and of human immunoglobulinsin vitro

Comparison of the lymphocytic IL-2 (lIL-2, lymphokinin) and recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) showed that lIL-2 is characterized by a more pronounced stimulating effect of low doses on antibody production in mice and on human immunoglobulin production. High doses of lIL-2, in contrast to rIL-2, do not cause hyperstimulation of antibody production or immunoglobulin production. Human lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, induced by rIL-2in vitro during 7 but not 3 days, enhance the production of human immunoglobulins. Monocytes activated by rIL-2 suppress the stimulating effect of LAK cells on immunoglobulin production. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 171–173, August, 1994 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of recombinant interleukin-4 on immunoglobulin synthesis in a culture of mononuclear cells isolated from human peripheral blood

The effect of recombinant interleukin-4 on the synthesis of immunoglobulins is studied in a culture of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with hay fever. It is shown that interleukin-4 stimulates production of IgE in cells of healthy donors, but not of hay fever patients, and does not affect the synthesis of other isotypes in either group. At the same time, increased cell proliferation under the influence of interleukin-4 was observed in cultured cells of both healthy donors and patients. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 426–428, October, 1994 Institute of Pulmonology, Ministry of Health, Moscow. (Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Determination of the biological activity of chalone-containing preparation from Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and its fractions obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography in a cell culture derived from this tumor

It is shown that cultured Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells are a convenient test system for the investigation of the effects of various factors on DNA synthesis in the cells of this tumor. The application of this system markedly facilitates fractionation of a chalone-containing preparation, the purpose of this fractionation being the isolation of components affecting specific phases of the mitotic cycle. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 80–82, January, 1994     

Granulomatous inflammation of the liver in mice with gadolinium chloride-blocked Kupffer cells

(CBA×C57B1/6) F₁ mice injected with zymosan intravenously developed granulomas in the liver; the number of granulomas in mice pretreated with gadolinium chloride, a selective blocker of Kupffer cells, was half that in the untreated animals. Kupffer cells isolated from the liver 5 days after zymosan injection, i.e., during the period when granuloma generation was at its height, displayed a high capacity for stimulating both the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood leukocytes (which is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species) and the colony-forming activity of bone marrow cells; this capacity was much lower in mice pretreated with gadolinium chloride. It is shown that granulomatous inflammation of the liver is directly dependent on the activity of Kupffer cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 366–369, October, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antimutagenic properties of ubiquinone-10

The effect of biotechnologically obtained ubiquinone-10 on the level of photrin- and dioxydin-induced chromosomal aberrations is studied for different doses of the preparations by assessing chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of C57B1/6 mice. It is shown that ubiquinone-10 does not exhibit its own mutagenic effect and does not potentiate the effect of the test mutagens. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 270–273, September, 1994     

Specificity of monoclonal antibodies obtained by immunization of mice with trypsin-treated group a streptococcus culture

Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies intensively reacting with group A streptococcus antigens in enzyme immunoassay were obtained as a result of immunizing mice with pepsin-treated cultures of group A streptococcus. All antibodies were referred to class M immunoglobulins. The reactions of monoclonal antibodies were completely inhibited by the pepsin-treated culture of group A streptococcus. The degree of inhibition with A-polysaccharide was lower, being 17.5 to 50.0 in different monoclonal antibodies. All the monoclonal antibodies obtained cross-reacted with antigens of murine and human epithelial tissues of the thymus and skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 492–495, November, 1994 Presented by A. G. Skavronskaya, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Localization of serum immunoglobulins in tissue of rat autonomic ganglia

The distribution of immunoglobulins is studied on preparations of autonomic ganglia using an immunohistochemical technique. Perikarya of neurons are found to be highly accessible to serum macromolecules in tissue of the vagal caudal ganglion, while myenteric ganglion tissue is devoid of immunoglobulins. An individual pattern of serum immunoglobulin distribution is typical for other ganglia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 192–194, August, 1995 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The metastatic potential of tumors depends on the pH of host tissues

pH-Metric characteristics of Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma and of a protein-induced tumor were compared in mice at different stages of the neoplastic process from tumor cell inoculation to the animal's death. On the acidographic curves, the time of change from acid to alkaline pH values coincided with that at which the tumors began to metastasize. It is suggested that this finding may be of use for the early diagnosis of tumor metastases. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 613–615, December, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The uptake of 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose by normal and tumor cellsin vitro

It is found that 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose (3D-I-glucose) enters both erythrocytes and tumor cells at a rate close to that of glucose entry. For tumor cells the total uptake of the preparation was 6-fold higher than for erythrocytes (1500 and 250 μM/mln. cells, respectively). Phosphorylated products of 3D-I-glucose were not detected; however, the total amount of preparation in the probes dropped during incubation, indicating that it is metabolized by the cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 654–655, June, 1994     

Effects of glucose and glutamine on the intensity of NAD precursor utilization in rats with transplanted tumors

The rate of nicotinamide utilization for the biosynthesis of NAD both in the liver and kidneys and in tumor tissue of rats with Walker's carcinosarcoma and Pliss' lymphosarcoma is shown to be limited by glucose. Glucose and glutamine increase the utilization of nicotinic acid in the liver and kidneys of rats with Walker's carcinosarcoma, in the kidneys of rats with Pliss' lymphosarcoma, and to a lesser extent, in Pliss' lymphosarcoma tumor tissue, but do not affect the utilization of nicotinic acid in Walker's carcinosarcoma. It is concluded that certain stages of the NAD biosynthesis pathway are impaired. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 282–285, September, 1995 Presented by L. A. Tiunov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Ultrastructure of renal-cell tumors induced in mice by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine

Fifteen primary renal adenomas induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in CBA mice and 3 passages of adenomas transplanted subcutaneously were examined by electron microscopy. A well-developed brush border was found in one primary adenoma, this being in line with histochemical data on the presence of markers of the proximal canaliculi epithelium in this tumor. In other tumors a reduced brush border (5 cases) and apical canaliculi (14 cases) were revealed, which are typical of the proximal canaliculi epithelium. The ultrastructure of the types of adenoma cells is described. Atypical tumor cells with intracellular lumina were found in transplanted adenomas Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 286–290, September, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

How the ability of bacteria to inactivate natural antiinfectious resistance factors affects their resistance to the bactericidal action of the blood (Serum)

A relationship is found between the resistance ofEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andStaphylococcus epidermidis to human serum and whole blood and their ability to inactivate the factors of natural antiinfectious resistance (lysozyme, complement, immunoglobulins, and a bactericidal fraction of leukocytic interferon). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 174–176, February, 1996     

Regulatory activity of Kupffer cells in acute blood loss

The scavenger function of Kupffer cells and the erythropoietinlike, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating, and leukocyte- and lymphocyte-stimulating activities of extracts of Kupffer cells obtained before and at different times after acute massive blood loss were experimentally evaluated on mice. Extracts of Kupffer cells from normal mice are shown to exhibit all types of the studied activities. Acute blood loss reduces the scavenger function of Kupffer cells during the first few hours, especially erythropoietinlike activity. The activities return to normal levels 5 days after blood loss and, after a relatively stable period, they rise again to the end of the recovery period. This is accompanied by an increase in the number of phagocytizing cells and is evidently related to the renewal of their population. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 258–261, March, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Preparation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies toSalmonella typhimurium K-antigen

Monoclonal antibodies toS. typhimurium K-antigens representing IgG1 immunoglobulins with a “kappa”-type light chain are prepared and characterized. They are highly active in indirect enzyme immunoassay with purified K-antigens and whole fixedS. typhimurium cells and virtually do not cross-react with O-antigen of the same bacterial species or withE. coli antigenic structures. The kinetics of binding and ability to agglutinate whole bacterial cells are studied and epitope analysis is carried out, which shows that antigenic determinants ofS. typhimurium K-antigen qualitatively differ from those of O-antigen of the same bacterium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 633–635, June, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Distribution of immunoregulatory carbohydrate receptors for lectins on membranes of neurons and syngeneic peripheral lymphocytes

Common immunoregulatory carbohydrate receptors on the membranes of neurons and sysngeneic peripheral lymphocytes of mice are detected by using lectins. Brain neuron membranes possess no receptors characteristic of immature lymphocytes. The common immunoregulatory receptors on brain neurons and mononuclear cells of peripheral immune organs are shown to represent one the mechanisms of integration of the nervous and immune systems. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 155–157, February, 1994 Presented by A. P. Romodanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Preparation of monoclonal antibodies to O-antigen (0–4.5) ofSalmonella typhimurium serogroup B

Sixteen clones secreting murine monoclonal antibodies of various specificities toSalmonella antigens are obtained. One of the clones is highly specific toSalmonella typhimurium (serogroup B) O-antigen in enzyme immunoassay. The resultant antibodies are IgG2a immunoglobulins with a “kappa”-type light chain. The connecting epitope includes abequose-mannose-rhamnose trisaccharide. Antibodies are bound toS. typhimurium whole cells and do not cross-react with representatives of theE. coli family. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 630–632, June, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of a static magnetic field on the growth rate andin vitro angiogenesis of endothelial cells

It is shown that a static magnetic field accelerates the growth rate of endothelial cells from the bovine pulmonary artery, but has no effect on the attachment and growth of cells from the human umbilical vein. A static magnetic field markedly stimulates the differentiation of endotheliocytes from the human umbilical vein to capillary-like structures. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 106–108, January, 1994 Presented by V. N. Smirnov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences