眶上外侧入路显微手术治疗前循环破裂动脉瘤52例

目的探讨眶上外侧入路夹闭术治疗破裂前循环破裂动脉瘤的临床疗效。方法 2014年6月~2016年3月采用采用眶上外侧入路夹闭前循环破裂动脉瘤52例(观察组),同期采用翼点入路夹闭前循环动脉瘤46例(对照组)。结果观察组手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均明显低于对照组(P0.05);而且,观察组术后并发症发生率(3.85%)明显低于对照组(19.57%;P0.05)。两组术后GOS评分和术后复发率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论与翼点入路相比,眶上外侧入路手术夹闭前循环破裂动脉瘤,手术时间短,创伤小,出血少。     

眶上外侧入路在颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂急性期显微手术中的应用

目的 探讨颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂急性期显微手术眶上外侧入路的临床应用,并与常规翼点入路相比较. 方法 回顾性分析2011年6月至2011年12月苏州大学附属第一医院经治的颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂急性期显微手术74例患者临床资料,分为2组:经眶上外侧入路手术组38例,经翼点入路手术组36例,总结相关临床资料,进行统计学分析. 结果 眶上外侧入路手术组38例患者手术切口长度平均(9.2±1.5) cm,术中动脉瘤破裂5例,均成功夹闭破裂及未破裂动脉瘤,手术时间平均(142±32) min,住院时间平均(11.9±4.3)d,出院2个月GCS评分,恢复良好33例(86.8％),轻度残疾5例(13.2％),无重度残疾病例,无植物生存病例,出院2月后未发现颞肌萎缩的病例.和翼点入路病例组比较,术中动脉瘤夹闭成功率及术后恢复良好率差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术时间、手术切口长度及住院天数差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 在颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂急性期的治疗方法中,眶上外侧入路是一种安全、微创的手术入路,技术难度要求相对较小,更适合广泛开展.     

经眶上外侧入路治疗前循环破裂动脉瘤

目的探讨应用眶上外侧入路显微外科手术夹闭前循环破裂动脉瘤的临床疗效和手术技巧。方法收集我科20例应用眶上外侧入路行前循环破裂动脉瘤夹闭术患者的临床资料进行分析。术前按照Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级以及改良CT Fisher分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级作为入选标准,术后以格拉斯哥结果评分(GOS)评价手术效果。结果 20个动脉瘤均一次夹闭成功。根据GOS评估标准,恢复良好者18例,轻残2例。所有病例无术后感染、面神经损伤、出血及脑脊液漏等手术并发症。结论眶上外侧入路是一种安全而有效的微创手术入路,适宜在低分级的前循环破裂动脉瘤夹闭术中应用。     

眶上外侧入路手术治疗前循环破裂动脉瘤临床分析

目的 探讨眶上外侧入路手术夹闭前循环破裂动脉瘤的效果。方法 回顾性分析2014年3月至2017年7月采用眶上外侧入路治疗的70例前循环破裂动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 手术时间（152.5±15.6）min,开颅时间20~30 min,切口长度（9.3±0.9）cm,住院时间（12.1±3.7）d。所有动脉瘤均一次手术完成夹闭,其中1例夹闭后予以肌肉包裹。术后随访3~6个月,按GOS评分评价,恢复良好66例,中残3例,重残1例。2例出现局灶性脑梗死,4例术后早期脑积水。出院前均复查3D-CTA或DSA,无瘤颈残余,术后半年再次复查无复发。结论 眶上外侧入路对于前循环动脉瘤兼顾手术暴露及微创的特点,效果良好。     

眶上外侧入路治疗前循环动脉瘤临床分析

目的总结86例眶上外侧入路夹闭前循环动脉瘤的疗效,并与传统翼点入路手术进行比较,评价眶上外侧入路治疗前循环动脉瘤的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2013-04—2016-10新乡市中心医院神经外科收治的86例前循环动脉瘤采用眶上外侧入路手术病例,与采用传统翼点入路手术病例进行对比,分析两者手术时间、出血量、术中显露情况,以及术后近期恢复情况。结果眶上外侧入路手术时间较对照组缩短30~55 min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),出血量较对照组减少200~400mL,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术中显露与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),术后近期恢复情况无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论眶上外侧入路治疗前循环动脉瘤手术操作简单,手术时间短,出血量少,创伤小,值得临床推广。     

经眉弓眶上锁孔入路手术治疗前循环动脉瘤

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤经眉弓眶上锁孔入路手术夹闭的方法及相对适应证。方法分析我科用该手术方式治疗的14例(16个)颅内前循环动脉瘤的临床资料,着重阐述手术方法、注意事项、术中动脉瘤破裂处理及手术适应证。结果14例(16个)动脉瘤全部一次手术夹闭成功,其中4例术中有动脉瘤破裂出血,2例合并有脑积水并行脑室腹腔分流术,1例死于肺部感染及多脏器功能衰竭,其它患者恢复良好。结论用该方法治疗前循环动脉瘤安全、微创,值得临床推广应用。     

眶上外侧入路与翼点入路手术治疗急性期颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤的临床对比分析

目的 探讨眶上外侧入路与经典翼点入路手术治疗急性期颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤的临床效果。方法 2012年11月至2014年5月收治74例急性期前循环破裂动脉瘤,采用眶上外侧入路手术37例（眶上外侧组）,采用经典翼点入路37例（翼点组）。结果 眶上外侧组手术时间[（138.9±15.9）min]、切口长度[（9.4±1.6）cm]、术中出血量[（52.6±5.9）ml]较翼点组均明显减少[分别为（174.8±22.6）min、（15.7±2.6）cm、（236.8±25.8）ml;P<0.05]。眶上外侧组术中动脉瘤破裂率（16.2%,6/37）和翼点组（18.9%,7/37）无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论 相比经典翼点入路,眶上外侧入路手术治疗急性期前循环破裂动脉瘤手术创伤较小。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期经眉眶上锁孔入路手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期经眉眶上锁孔入路手术的可行性及相对适应证。方法对28例颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期经眉眶上锁孔入路手术治疗病人的临床资料进行分析,着重描述该手术方法、注意点、术中动脉瘤破裂及术后脑血管痉挛发生情况。结果28例动脉瘤全部夹闭成功,其中3例术中有动脉瘤破裂出血,术后10例病人有不同程度的脑血管痉挛,其中2例为症状性脑血管痉挛。除1例大脑中动脉瘤有轻偏瘫,1例前交通动脉瘤有单侧下肢轻瘫外,其他病人恢复良好。结论绝大多数颅内动脉瘤破裂病人急性期同样适合锁孔手术,术中动脉瘤破裂和术后脑血管痉挛发生的机会同常规开颅显微手术并无明显差别。     

个体化手术入路夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤

目的探讨根据个体化原则,通过术前评估,选取不同手术入路夹闭前循环动脉瘤的可行性和有效性。方法 46例共48个颅内前循环动脉瘤,通过术前评估,选取三种手术入路:筋膜下分离翼点入路,骨膜下分离翼点入路,眶上外侧入路。结果 27例采用筋膜下分离翼点入路,15例骨膜下分离翼点入路,4例眶上外侧入路。手术夹闭48个,使用动脉瘤夹54个。术后出现肢体瘫痪1例,术后再出血1例,颅内感染1例,面神经颞支损伤1例,皮下积液2例。出院时格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS):术后恢复良好(GOS 4~5分)44例(95.6%),一般(GOS 3分)1例(2.2%),死亡(GOS 1分)1例(2.2%)。结论个体化手术入路夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤,临床安全、可行,并且显著降低面神经损伤、颞肌萎缩并发症的发生率。     

眶上锁孔神经内镜下前循环动脉瘤夹闭手术

目的 探讨眶上锁孔入路神经内镜下夹闭前循环动脉瘤的可行性及其临床意义.方法 对13例前循环动脉瘤病人经眉弓小切口眶上锁孔入路进行夹闭手术,全程应用神经内镜.13例病人中,男性,8例,女性,5例;年龄：43～71岁.13例病人共14个动脉瘤,3个后交通动脉瘤,7个前交通动脉瘤,4个大脑中动脉瘤.3个未破裂动脉瘤,11个破裂动脉瘤.根据病人手术前的临床表现进行Hess-Hunt分级：1级2例;2级10例,3级1例.结果 手术中均能广视角显露动脉瘤、载瘤动脉及周围的走行血管,无误夹闭、载瘤动脉狭窄及夹闭不全情况发生.结论 眶上锁孔入路可以提供充分的手术空间,神经内镜下夹闭前循环动脉瘤,可以广视角观察动脉瘤及其周围的解剖结构,提高颅内动脉瘤的手术效果.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.