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浅论抗抑郁药物的作用机制及合理应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
抑郁症(depression)是一种常见的精神疾病,其终生患病率高达15%~20%,典型的临床症状包括抑郁心境、快感缺乏、无价值感以及罪恶感等。常见的抑郁症还包括植物神经系统功能失调,如自发性运动、睡眠及体重改变等。流行病学资料显示,抑郁症具有发病率高、患病率高、自杀率高,而知晓率低、治疗率低等特点,给社会造成了重大的负担,因而受到各国的关注。然而抑郁症及各种抑郁障碍的发病机制尚不清楚,较多研究提示中枢神经系统单胺类神经递质传递功能下降为其主要病理改变,各种抗抑郁药的作用机制均通过不同途径提高神经元突触间隙单胺类神经递质浓度,以期达到治疗目的。本文对抗抑郁药的作用机制及合理应用作一介绍。 相似文献
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抗抑郁药物的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
沈海英 《中国现代药物应用》2010,4(10):224-225
现代生活的快节奏以及精神、心理等方面的压力,使抑郁症的发病率明显提高。然而目前尚没有一种有效的治疗方法能够在疗效、不良反应及预防复发方面尽如人意。抑郁症(dep ression,DEP)是由各种原因引起的以抑郁为主要临床表现的心境障碍或情感障碍,约15%的患者伴有自杀倾向,对社会稳定与经济发展造成了很大影响。 相似文献
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抗抑郁药物的发展始于20世纪50年代的异烟肼,属单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI),但因易于引起肝脏损害等严重毒副反应而被逐渐淘汰。随后又发展了三环及四环类抗抑郁药物。作用于血清素受体的一系列新药物的发现,揭开了抗抑郁药物研究的新篇章,其代表药物氟西汀(fluoxetine)已成为全球10种最为畅销的药物之一,具有安全性较高、副作用较小的特点。本文从结构与活性关系的角度分析近年来5大类抗抑郁药物的构效关系。 相似文献
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抑郁症的生物学病因和抗抑郁药的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病。虽然确切的病因及病理机制尚不清楚,但随着抑郁症的病因病理研究的不断深入,抗抑郁药也有了较快的发展。由于目前的药物起效慢和不良反应多,临床疗效仍不满意,多靶点、多系统共同作用类药物已成为新的研究方向。本文就抑郁症的神经生化机制及新型抗抑郁药的作用特点作一综述。 相似文献
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Hepatotoxicity of antidepressants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Davis 《International clinical psychopharmacology》1991,6(2):97-103
Detection of abnormal liver function tests in a patient receiving an antidepressant or other psychopharmacological agent presents a major problem to the clinician, who must decide whether or not to withdraw a drug which may be of central importance in the patient's management. Experimental studies have clearly demonstrated a hepatotoxic potential for many of these compounds, but in the clinical situation the picture is far less clear cut because there are remarkably little published data on the incidence of liver damage from these agents in man. Furthermore, interpretation of abnormal liver function tests and ascribing them to a drug rather than to an alternative cause is not always straightforward. Hepatic drug reactions fall into two categories; those which are predictable and dose-related (e.g. acute hepatic necrosis following suicidal overdose with the analgesic paracetamol), and those which are unpredictable and dose-independent, complicating treatment with a drug at therapeutic dosage (Davis and Williams, 1985). Most hepatic drug reactions, including those caused by antidepressants, fall into the second category. The spectrum of severity may vary widely, from minor abnormalities in biochemical liver function tests with no constitutional disturbance, to severe hepatitis and/or cholestasis which can sometimes be fatal. Chronic liver disease has also been described. 相似文献
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Douglas M. McNair 《Psychopharmacology》1974,37(4):281-302
Antidepressant clinical drug trials conducted from 1955–1972 are analyzed to determine the most frequently used patient self-rating scales and to estimate their relative sensitivities (validities). Other analyses suggest how the methodology of the trials may have influenced measurement sensitivity. Interpretive problems are discussed, and some tentative recommendations are presented. 相似文献
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针对妊娠期抑郁和焦虑的处理非常棘手,选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)是妊娠期抗抑郁治疗的一线药物。本文综述妊娠期接受抗抑郁药物治疗对子代的影响。 相似文献
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Four experiments were carried out investigating the interactions between some antidepressant drugs (imipramine, desipramine, fluvoxamine, trazodone (4 and 8 mg/kg) andd-amphetamine (0.1–3.2 mg/kg) on operant behaviour maintained under a variable-interval 80-s schedule of sucrose reinforcement; each experiment employed 12 rats.d-Amphetamine exerted a dose-related suppressant effect on response rate. Imipramine and desipramine given alone had no effect on response rate, whereas fluvoxamine (both doses) and the higher dose of trazodone produced significant increases in response rate. Pretreatment with imipramine, desipramine or fluvoxamine significantly potentiated the suppressant effect ofd-amphetamine on responding; pretreatment with trazodone had no significant effect. The potentiating effect of imipramine and desipramine may be related to their well known uptake blocking actions. The fact that fluvoxamine, a selective inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) uptake, also potentiated the effect ofd-amphetamine suggests that the suppressant effect ofd-amphetamine on operant behaviour may involve 5HT as well as catecholamine release. The lack of effect of trazodone may reflect its failure to influence uptake mechanisms. On the basis of a formal model couched in terms of Herrnstein's (1970) equation, it is suggested that imipramine, desipramine and fluvoxamine may have enhancedd-amphetamine's ability to reduce response capacity; it is suggested that the data do not provide evidence for an interaction between the antidepressants and the putative motivation-enhancing effect ofd-amphetamine. 相似文献
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抗抑郁药临床应用的进展 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
抗抑郁药是治疗抑郁症和抑郁症状的主要药物,近10余年来,从药物作用机制到药物的疗效和安全性得到了飞快地发展。使得治疗抑郁症和抑郁症状的药物具有更多的选择,为临床提高疗效、减少药物不良反应和减少疾病复发提供更多的手段。 相似文献