左乙拉西坦治疗不同类型小儿癫痫的临床疗效

目的探析左乙拉西坦治疗不同类型小儿癫痫的临床疗效。方法选择我院2012-03—2015-06收治的81例小儿癫痫患者进行研究,随机分为观察组(n=41)与对照组(n=40)。对照组应用丙戊酸钠治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用左乙拉西坦,比较2组治疗前后癫痫发作频率、治疗总有效率及不良反应发生率。结果 2组治疗前发作频率组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后2组发作频率均降低,组内前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05),同时观察组治疗后的发作频率低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),提示观察组发作频率降低幅度更大。观察组不同类型癫痫患者的治疗总有效率为90.2%(37/41),对照组为72.5%(29/40),观察组明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为31.7%(13/41),对照组为25.0%(10/40),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论左乙拉西坦在不同类型小儿癫痫临床治疗中的应用可大幅降低发作频率,利于强化治疗效果,且安全可靠,可长期用药,值得推广。     

左乙拉西坦联合穴位埋线治疗小儿癫痫的疗效对比

目的观察左乙拉西坦联合穴位埋线法治疗小儿癫痫的临床疗效。方法将我院2014-01-2016-01收治100例癫痫患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组50例采取左乙拉西坦片联合穴位埋线法治疗,对照组50例采取单药左乙拉西坦片治疗,连续观察3个月,检测2组治疗前后血清中NSE及IGF-1变化,对比2组临床疗效。结果治疗3个月后治疗组NSE及IGF-1水平分别为(11.91±2.13)μg/L、(7.45±2.54)μmol/L,均显著低于对照组(19.64±3.05)μg/L、(10.21±3.17)μmol/L,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组总有效率为92.0%,对照组为74.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗过程中2组患儿均未出现明显的不良反应发生。结论左乙拉西坦联合穴位埋线治疗小儿癫痫疗效优于单纯左乙拉西坦治疗,且无明显不良反应,值得临术推广应用。     

托吡酯对癫痫患者血清NPY、BD-NF表达及临床效果分析

目的探讨托吡酯治疗癫痫患儿的临床效果及对血清神经肽Y(NPY)、脑源性神经营养因子(BD-NF)水平的影响。方法选取2013年1月至2016年1月在本院诊治的癫痫患儿100例,采用SPSS16.0软件生成随机数字分为托吡酯组和左乙拉西坦组各50例,两组均治疗3个月后进行疗效评价。结果治疗前,托吡酯组和左乙拉西坦组患儿的血清NPY、BD-NF水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗3个月后,托吡酯组的NPY、BD-NF水平均低于左乙拉西坦组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),托吡酯组总有效率84.00%(42/50),左乙拉西坦组总有效率66.00%(33/50),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);托吡酯组总有效率78.00%(39/50),左乙拉西坦组总有效率64.00%(32/50),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗过程中,托吡酯组不良反应发生率12.00%(6/50),左乙拉西坦组不良反应发生率24.00%(12/50),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论托吡酯治疗癫痫患儿的临床效果优于左乙拉西坦,能更显著的降低患儿血清NPY、BD-NF水平     

丙戊酸钠与左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的临床疗效分析

目的分析丙戊酸钠与左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的效果。方法选取我院治疗的小儿癫痫患者80例为研究对象,采用数字随机表将患儿分为对照组和观察组,对照组取丙戊酸治疗,观察组取左乙拉西坦治疗,观察2组血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100β及癫痫发作频率变化情况,观察临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗后NSE、S100β水平分别为(12.10±2.07)μg/L、(0.48±0.16)μg/L均显著低于对照组(20.31±3.11)μg/L、(0.68±0.23)μg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后简单部分发作、肌阵挛发作、强直阵挛发作、复杂部分性发作频率分别为(8.64±2.58)次、(9.21±1.05)次、(5.31±1.06)次、(5.98±0.87)次显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丙戊酸钠和左乙拉西坦可取得同等的抗癫痫效果,但左乙拉西坦具有神经保护的作用。     

左乙拉西坦单药治疗小儿癫痫的自身对照研究

目的研究左乙拉西坦作为单药治疗不同类型癫痫患儿的临床疗效和安全性。方法采用前瞻性研究,对62例不同类型癫痫患儿进行左乙拉西坦单药治疗。左乙拉西坦起始剂量为20 mg/(kg.d),分两次服用,每两周增加10 mg/(kg.d),维持剂量30～40 mg/(kg.d)。稳定期:维持加量期12周,每个月观察1次,以治疗前3个月的发病频率为基础,完成了6个月的观察期,随访6～24个月(平均随访12.8个月),观察发作频率的变化及不良反应。结果 62例入选患儿,完全控制发作38例,占61.3%,显效8例,占12.9%;有效9例,占14.5%;无效4例,占6.5%;加重3例,占4.8%。总有效率为88.7%,两年治疗保留率为72%。左乙拉西坦治疗前后发作频率改变有统计学意义(P0.005)。结论左乙拉西坦作为单药治疗小儿各型癫痫有良好疗效及安全性。     

左乙拉西坦治疗儿童难治性癫痫临床疗效及对血清lgA、lgG和lgM水平的影响

目的探讨左乙拉西坦治疗儿童难治性癫痫的临床疗效及对其血清免疫球蛋白水平的影响。方法本院2015年1月至2017年1月收治的70例难治性癫痫患儿作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为两组,观察组38例给予左乙拉西坦治疗,对照组32例给予卡马西平治疗,用药6个月时统计临床疗效,并对比两组用药前后血清免疫球蛋白(lgA、lgG和lgM)水平、发作频率,并统计不良反应发生情况。结果 (1)观察组总有效率为94.74%,与对照组的81.25%比较显著提高(P0.05);(2)观察组治疗后癫痫发作频率为(5.14±2.32)次/月,与对照组的(8.14±2.78)次/月比较显著减少(P0.05);(3)观察组治疗后的lgA、lgG、lgM水平均较对照组显著降低(P0.05);(4)观察组不良反应发生率为10.53%,与对照组的21.88%比较显著降低(P0.05)。结论对于儿童难治性癫痫,给予左乙拉西坦治疗具有疗效确切、用药安全的优点,在显著减少疾病发作频率的同时,还能改善患儿免疫水平,值得推广。     

左乙拉西坦在婴儿癫痫治疗中的疗效及安全性探讨

目的观察分析左乙拉西坦(LEV)治疗婴儿癫痫的临床效果以及安全性。方法选取2012-05—2014-05徐州市儿童医院诊治的140例婴儿癫痫患者作为研究对象,将所有患儿随机分为观察组(72例)和对照组(68例),观察组采用LEV单药治疗,对照组应用添加治疗方法,随访6个月,比较2组婴儿癫痫发作频率、不良反应等情况。结果观察组(83.33%),对照组(64.71%)治疗总有效率比较(P0.05);对照组不良反应发生率36.76%,明显高于观察组的25.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论使用左乙拉西坦(LEV)治疗婴儿癫痫效果显著,患儿耐受性相对稳定,与常规药物联用还可减少不良反应发生率,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫疗效的Meta分析

目的评价左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索近十年(2001-2011)来PubMed、Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)检索平台、万方数据库中纳入左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的随机对照研究(RCTs),研究者对文献质量进行严格评价和资料提取。对符合质量标准的RCTs用Review manager 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 6个RCTs共610名患者纳入研究,其中治疗组(使用左乙拉西坦)333例,对照组(常规治疗)277例。Meta分析结果表明治疗组患者每周癫痫发病率明显低于对照组,对于患者继发嗜睡、头痛等中枢系统不良反应及肝肾功能损害方面,RCTs结果显示无显著差异。结论左乙拉西坦治疗不良反应种类少,对各种发作类型的小儿癫痫均有良好疗效,且不增加发生其他不良结局的危险性,可作为小儿癫痫患者的首选治疗方案之一。     

左乙拉西坦添加治疗儿童难治性部分性癫痫疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价左乙拉西坦添加治疗儿童难治性部分性癫痫的疗效和耐受性。方法计算机检索1998年1月-2017年1月Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMbase、中国知网中国期刊全文数据库和万方及中国生物医学文献数据库,并手工检索相关杂志,RevMan 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果根据Cochrane 5.0.2版随机对照临床试验质量评价标准,纳入4项随机对照临床试验共498例受试者(左乙拉西坦组268例、安慰剂对照组230例)。Meta分析结果显示,左乙拉西坦组部分性癫痫发作频率减少≥50%的病例数高于对照组[OR=2.940,95%CI(1.99,4.34),P0.000 01];完全不发作病例明显高于对照组[OR=5.310,95%CI(2.49,11.32),P0.000 01]。左乙拉西坦组失访率与安慰剂对照组之间差异无统计学意义[OR=0.760,95%CI(0.32,1.82),P=0.54]。药物不良反应中嗜睡[OR=2.57,95%CI(1.36,4.86)]及精神行为改变[OR=2.54,95%CI(1.56,4.14)]与左乙拉西坦组显著相关(P0.05),其他不良反应与左乙拉西坦组无显著相关。结论现有Meta分析显示,左乙拉西坦添加治疗难治性部分性癫痫的疗效与安慰剂组相比效果显著。左乙拉西坦添加治疗儿童难治性癫痫部分性发作有确切的疗效,且长期治疗效果稳定,有良好的安全性,保留率较高,可在临床进一步推广使用。     

左乙拉西坦治疗60例小儿癫痫的疗效和安全性分析

目的探讨左乙拉西坦在小儿癫痫治疗中的疗效和安全性。方法从我院2013-06—2014-06小儿神经内科专科门诊部收治的癫痫患儿中随机性抽取60例作为研究对象,采用开放性自对照随访研究方法。60例患儿均给予左乙拉西坦口服治疗,随访6~10个月,观察治疗前后癫痫发作频率变化、脑电图改变情况以及患儿治疗期间的不良反应,评价左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的疗效和安全性。结果本组患儿均成功获得随访,治疗后完全控制26例,有效20例,无效12例,加重2例,总有效率76.67%,且不同类型癫痫患儿治疗后的发作次数明显低于治疗前(P0.01)。脑电图检查痫样放电消失31例,痫样放电减少50%以上10例,痫样放电减少25%~49%9例,痫样放电无变化7例,痫样放电增加3例。本组治疗期间18例发生不良反应,不良反应发生率30.00%,主要表现为情绪异常、嗜睡乏力、皮疹等症状,给予对症治疗后均得到缓解,无严重影响治疗的不良反应。结论左乙拉西坦治疗儿童癫痫的疗效确切,不良反应少,是一种安全有效的药物。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.