我国知识分子的健康现状及分析

知识分子队伍是现代化建设的重要力量,但目前知识分子的身心健康状况并不容乐观.本文阐述了健康的含义、知识分子健康现状和体育锻炼情况,并进行了分析,旨在通过提高心理卫生和体育锻炼水平促进知识分子身心健康.     

The drug problem in The Netherlands

In the Netherlands, the drug problem among adolescents developed as a new phenomenon in the mid 1960s. Without remarkable success, methadone maintenance programs were introduced in 1968. Drug free treatment in therapeutic communities, developed since 1972, was successful after the first experimental years. This success provoked the illusion that drug related problems could be solved by treatment; low threshold programs, putting few demands on participants, were established to dispense methadone. The illusion was that addicts can be motivated into further treatment if they are brought into contact with professionals. As the addict population kept growing and their street crimes increased in number, Dutch drug policies changed in 1978, using methadone as a means to decrease criminal activities rather than to treat addicts. This also turned out to be an illusion. Currently, there is strong political pressure to distribute heroin to addicts to diminish the negative side effects of drug abuse. Dutch drug policies are characterized by the opinion that drug problems cannot be solved and have to be accepted.     

新生儿采集足跟血最佳方法的研究

目的:寻找临床上采集新生儿足跟血的有利方法。方法:25例新生儿在辐射台保暖下足跟外侧采血与25例新生儿在一般平台上用热毛巾敷足跟采集足跟内侧血两种方法进行分析比较。结果:两种采血方法所需时间、一针采血成功率及血片质量关系差异有显著性。结论:辐射台组简单快捷,血片优质,痛苦少。     

阿糖腺苷眼膏的研制

本文介绍了抗病毒药阿糖腺苷眼膏的配制方法、质量控制、药理实验。表明阿糖腺苷眼膏可用于Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的治疗。     

The Selfish Brain And The Barker Hypothesis

1. Brain sparing is a feature of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). This implies that there is a redistribution of metabolic supply so that body growth slows to a greater extent than brain growth. 2. Intra-uterine growth retardation, as evidenced by a low birthweight for gestational age is a predisposing factor for hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in adult life. 3. In species like humans, nephrogenesis is complete before birth. In the rat, it is completed shortly after birth. In both species, it can be shown that either undernutrition or IUGR is associated with reduced nephron number. 4. It has been proposed that oligonephropathy results in hyperfiltration, which ultimately leads to glomerulosclerosis and hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is necessary for normal renal development and fetal renal function. In the rat, blockade of the RAS in the first weeks of life by pharmacological agents reduces glomerular number and has been shown to cause hypertension in adult life. Renal denervation reduces the activity of the fetal RAS and also causes abnormal development of the renin-secreting cells. 5. There is tonic renal sympathetic nerve activity in the late gestation fetal sheep. The level of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) is influenced by the fetal behavioural state. 6. However, interactions between the developing kidney and the developing sympathetic nervous system are poorly understood. On the one hand, renal innervation may be important in the provision of neurotrophic factors that stimulate the development of the RAS and kidney. On the other, high levels of RSNA associated with circulating catecholamines and vasopressin may cause vasoconstriction and limit nephrogenesis. This latter effect could be a predisposing factor to adult hypertension and cardiovascular disease.     

The registration of medicines in The Netherlands

The working methods and the results of the system for registration of medicines in the Netherlands are reviewed. The new structure of the Committee for the Evaluation of Medicines is identified. The necessity for more international cooperation is emphasized. The authors propose the establishment of a European registration committee. The current system is discussed from the viewpoints of government and industry.     

论人体生命的三重品格

本文讨论的是人体生命观的问题,从人的本质来看,人体生命与其它生命体有着原则的区别。人体生命是神圣品格、质量品格和价值品格的辩证统一。人体生命三重品格以价值品格为核心,密不可分地联系在一起。片面强调人体生命的质量品格或神圣品格,必然使人们在理论和实践上陷入二难境地。     

Microglia in ALS: The Good, The Bad, and The Resting

Inflammation, including microglial activation and T cell infiltration, is a neuropathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease. The identification of mutations in the gene for Cu²⁺/Zn²⁺ superoxide dismutase (SOD1) from patients with an inherited form of ALS enabled the creation of transgenic mice overexpressing mutant forms of SOD1 (mSOD1) which develop a motoneuron disease that resembles the disease seen in ALS patients. These transgenic mice display similar inflammatory reactions at sites of motoneuron injury as detected in ALS patients, enabling the observation that this inflammation is not simply a late consequence of motoneuron degeneration, but actively contributes to the balance between neuroprotection and neurotoxicity. The microglial and T cell activation states influence the rate of disease progression. Initially, microglia and T cells can slow disease progression, while they may later contribute to the acceleration of disease. Accumulation of intracellular and extracellular misfolded mSOD1 may be key events regulating the transformation from neuroprotective alternatively activated M2 microglia to cytotoxic classically activated M1 microglia. Intracellular and extracellular mSOD1 utilizing different pathways may enhance the production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and augment the inflammatory cytokine cascade from microglia. These ROS and cytokines may increase the susceptibility of motoneurons to glutamate toxicity and inhibit the function and expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters resulting in further neurotoxicity. Thus, the cumulative evidence suggests that inflammation plays a central role in ALS and manipulating these microglial effector functions may potentially modify the outcome of this devastating disease.     

硫酸鱼精蛋白注射液细菌内毒素检查法标准研究

目的:建立硫酸鱼精蛋白注射液细菌内毒素的检查方法.方法:按<中国药典>2000年版二部附录ⅪE、ⅪX F进行实验和结果判断.结果:用三个不同生产厂家,不同标示灵敏度鲎试剂进行研究,硫酸鱼精蛋白注射液最大不干扰浓度为0.042mg/ml,并对两个生产厂家的6批样品进行检查,均无干扰作用,其细菌内毒素量均小于6EU/mg.结论:本品可以用细菌内毒素检查法(凝胶法)代替热原检查法控制细菌内毒素的含量,硫酸鱼精蛋白注射液的细菌内毒素理论限值为6EU/mg.     

马钱子碱液关节腔内注射对兔膝关节损伤软骨的影响

目的探讨马钱子碱液关节腔内注射对兔膝关节软骨损伤的治疗效果。方法制作兔双侧膝关节软骨损伤模型,将30只兔子后肢按左右分为L、R两组。R组以1.701mg/mL的剂量关节腔内注射马钱子碱,每周1次连续5周,L组设为对照组,注射生理盐水。于药物干预后2周、4周、8周各处死10只兔子,取双侧膝关节行大体、组织学观察,根据关节软骨组织学计分标准进行评分。结果对药物干预后2、4、8周膝关节软骨组织大体观察及组织学计分标准评分结果显示:R组与L组修复差别有统计学意义(P<005)。结论马钱子碱稀释液关节腔内注射可促进软骨损伤的修复。     

基层医院的RIS建设探讨

基层医院因为资金设备等多种原因,数字化和信息化的发展受到了限制,基层医院应根据自身的情况来进行数字化建设,本文介绍了我们这样的基层医院通过老设备的数字化改造,和新设备一起组建基本的RIS系统方案。     

做好药品质量投诉工作的几点思考

从药品监管部门处置药品质量问题的投诉举报工作入手,探讨了现行处置工作中存在的问题,从强化人文关怀、排查药品不良反应、加强执法监督和行政监督的角度,提出了做好工作的意见和建议。     

PVP在尼美舒利片中的应用

本文对PVP作为尼美舒利片粘合剂的浓度与溶出度的关系进行了考察。结果表明;PVP作为尼美舒利片粘合剂,其水溶液浓度在6-7%范围尼美舒利片的溶出度均符合规定。     

急性腹痛的观察及护理

目的探讨急性腹痛的观察内容及护理措施。方法对急性腹痛的部位、性质、程度、诱发因素及伴随症状进行分析。结果通过急性腹痛的观察内容制定切实可行的护理措施。结论准确及时的观察急性腹痛的部位、性质、程度、诱发因素及伴随症状对急性腹痛的诊断、治疗,至关重要。     

头孢唑林中间体的合成新法

目的：通过找出最佳工艺条件，提高产品质量。方法：通过两种物质反应，在无水的条件下，生成TDA，经过真空干燥得到产品，从而提高TDA的收率。结果：通过改进工艺条件，在保证产品质量的前提下，提高产品收率，由原有的98％提高到102.5%。结论：该方法是合成头孢唑啉的最新方法。     

首乌通便膏的提取工艺研究

优选首乌通便膏的工艺条件.分别以大黄素、阿魏酸提取率为指标,采用正交试验,考察乙醇提取与水煎煮的工艺条件.乙醇渗漉最佳提取条件为加8倍量75%乙醇,浸泡36小时后开始渗漉,流速3mL·min-1;水煎煮最佳提取条件为加水量8倍,浸泡时间0.5小时,煎煮时间1小时,煎煮3次.优选得到的工艺稳定可行.