抗IL-5抗体联合抗IL-13抗体对支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症及气道高反应性的影响

目的 观察抗IL-5抗体(Anti-IL-5 Ab)联合抗IL-13抗体(Anti-IL-13 Ab)对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)小鼠气道炎症及气道高反应性的影响,为临床应用奠定基础.方法 50只雌性Balb/c小鼠随机分成正常组、哮喘组、Anti-IL-5 Ab治疗组、Anti-IL-13 Ab治疗组和Anti-IL-5 Ab联合Anti-IL-13Ab治疗组.以清洁级Balb/c小鼠构建哮喘模型,采用腹腔注射卵蛋白和氢氧化铝混悬液处理动物.采用瑞氏染色对哮喘小鼠进行支气管肺泡灌洗液中的细胞分类及计数,应用小鼠肺功能仪检测气道阻力的变化.结果 ①Anti-IL-5 Ab联合Anti-IL-13 Ab治疗组小鼠症状较哮喘组及其他治疗组明显减轻;②Anti-IL-5 Ab联合Anti-IL-13 Ab治疗组可有效降低哮喘小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞等炎症细胞水平,与Anti-IL-5 Ab治疗组及Anti-IL-13 Ab治疗组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③Anti-IL-5 Ab联合 Anti-IL-13 Ab治疗组可有效降低哮喘小鼠气道高反应性,与Anti-lL-5 Ab治疗组及Anti-IL-13 Ab治疗组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 Anti-IL-5 Ab联合Anti-IL-13 Ab 治疗组不但可抑制哮喘小鼠肺部嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞等炎症细胞浸润,还可以抑制哮喘迟发反应,降低气道高反应性,改善肺功能,为治疗哮喘提供新的解决办法.     

The vascular resistance of arterial stenoses in series

The vascular resistance of stenoses in series has been studied in vitro by use of fiber optic laser Doppler anemometry to measure the cross-sectional areas of the stenoses. Pressure gradients across each of the stenoses were measured while both the severity and the separation of the stenoses were altered. The individual resistances were compared with the combined resistance. Resistance at a stenosis is a nonlinear function of the severity of the stenosis. The resistance is a complex function of the perfusion pressure and the cross-sectional area of the stenosis and cannot be accurately predicted from a single plane angiographic image. With multiple stenoses an approximate assessment of the combined effect can be obtained by summing the value of the resistance for each stenosis but not the degree of the stenoses. The nonlinear relationship of resistance to stenosis severity means that if one stenosis is more severe than the other, the combined effect can be regarded as the same as the effect of the more severe stenosis acting by itself. The distance between the stenoses does not change their combined effect.     

Combined use of choledochoscope and duodenoscope in treatment of bile peritonitis after removal of T-tube

Introduction T-tube has been an alternative to bile decompre- ssion after exploration of the common bile duct (CBD). But biliary leakage occurs frequently as a common and serious complication after removal of a T-tube and it is treated reoperatively or conservatively. But the treatment of bile leakage has generated fundamental changes due to the effects of conservative therapy and its minimally invasive intervention.[1] The conservative treatment is regarded as the first choice in the manage…     

Coronary artery surgical technique

The increased use of arterial conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting is reflected in numerous publications addressing indications, choice of conduits, and possible side-effects. Besides the internal thoracic artery, the right gastroepiploic artery is becoming established, and the inferior epigastric artery is being subjected to clinical trials. The latter conduit provides good patency and can be combined with the internal thoracic arteries, but harvesting must be done carefully to prevent local complications. Arterial conduits can lead to hypoperfusion, and additional saphenous vein grafting may become necessary; careful vasodilatation of the conduit before implantation is necessary. Xenografts and allogenic implants demonstrate poor late patency and should be used only as a last resort. Aprotinin reduces blood loss during surgery and seems to be particularly useful in reoperations; but it prolongs the activated clotting time and underheparinization can occur. Retrograde cardioplegia seems to be particularly indicated in reoperations, whereas topical cooling can be omitted. Coronary revascularization can be safely combined with carotid endarterectomy; the exact indication for this simultaneous procedure is still being explored.     

Recording electrocardiograms using 3-limb lead cables instead of the standard 4: a modification to minimize incorrect electrode placements

The similarity between and the number of limb lead cables play an important role in the frequency of incorrect connection of limb electrodes. Hence, a modified electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition procedure is proposed in this brief communication, whereby the left-leg (LL) and right-leg (RL) electrode cables are combined into 1 cable, referred to as combined LL/RL cable. The electrode wires in the combined LL/RL cable are connected to 2 electrodes placed on both sides of the LL. The combined LL/RL cable is unique enough (being thicker) not to be mistaken with the upper limb electrode cables. The proposed modification will not in any way influence the ECG waveforms or amplitudes, and it can be expected to substantially reduce incorrect limb electrode placements.     

A Case Study Involving the Combination Treatment of an Oral Appliance and Auto-Titrating CPAP Unit

Treating severe obstructive sleep apnea can be a challenge. In this case it necessitated combining treatments to obtain the desired result. Now that oral appliances are a viable treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, they can be combined with continuous positive airway pressure or surgery to give the physician and patient more options.     

EZH2、GLUT-1联合DNA-ICM检测在胸腔积液中鉴别良恶性间皮病变的价值

目的 探讨免疫细胞化学技术检测EZH2、GLUT-1联合细胞DNA定量分析(DNA image cytom-etry,DNA-ICM)在胸腔积液内间皮性病变诊断的临床价值.方法 收集胸腔积液病例共50例,其中MM 30例,RMH 20例,行细胞块联合免疫细胞化学技术检测EZH2及GLUT-1的表达情况,以活检结果为对照...     

Pharmacologic manipulation of steroid hormones. Adjunctive therapies in cancer of the breast.

Tamoxifen is the endocrine treatment of choice for hormone-responsive early and advanced breast cancer. Newly developed biodegradable luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone super agonists represent a practical and effective treatment for metastatic disease in premenopausal women. Progestins or aromatase inhibitors are useful therapies in patients who relapse from antiestrogens. Currently, there is no indication that improved survival can be achieved by combined endocrine therapy or combined chemo-hormonal therapy.     

Clinical and laboratory criteria for assessing the efficacy of Essliver Forte for patients with combined liver and gall bladder pathologies]

As many as 60 patients with combined pathologies (chronic hepatitis (CH) and chronic non-calculous cholecystitis (CNCC)) were examined, and 20 healthy subjects were included in the control group. The efficacy of Essliver Forte for patients with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis combined with chronic hepatitises (both viral hepatitis and steatohepatitis) was assessed on the basis of clinical, biochemical and bacteriological criteria. Essliver Forte was found to improve the clinical and biochemical parameters of the functional liver condition, bile biochemical characteristics and intestinal microbiocenosis in patients with combined pathologies. The positive clinical effect is most evident for patients with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis and chronic steatohepatitis (both alcohol and non-alcohol). Essliver Forte can be recommended for treatment of patients with combined pathologies.     

Immunologic status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia]

A combined immunologic examination included 67 patients with concurrent lung pathology (tuberculosis with pneumonia), 64 with tuberculosis and 71 with pneumonia. The relation of the immune status to the pattern of the process was demonstrated proceeding from the findings. Pneumonia in the abatement phase had no influence on the immunologic parameters of a tuberculosis patient. Acute pneumonia combined with tuberculosis was marked by suppressed T-lymphocyte functional and specific activity, increased counts of T-suppressors and the presence of antituberculous antibodies. It was found that the newly developed diagnostic tables can be used effectively for differentiating the combined pathology from the uncomplicated tuberculosis and pneumonia.     

Lesions of the coronary arteries in nonspecific aortoarteritis

Clinical and angiographic signs of coronary arterial lesions associated with nonspecific aorto-arteritis are considered. Three kinds of coronary arterial affection are described: affected arterial opening, combined affection of the opening and proximal arterial portions and affected distal portions. It is concluded that the diagnosis of coronary arterial lesions in this condition can be based on combined investigation including continuous ECG recording for 10 or 12 days, bicycle ergometry and selective coronarography.     

食管静脉曲张硬化疗法的长期疗效观察

对５４２例肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张患者行硬化剂治疗，随访１～７年，平均为３．９年。按所用硬化剂不同分四组：（１）５％鱼肝油酸钠８１例；（２）纯酒精６７例；（３）混合剂（鱼肝油酸钠加纯酒精）２０９例；（４）混合剂加服汉防己甲素１８５例。结果：急性出血止血率９５．５％，曲张静脉消失率１２１例（２２．３％），完全消失仅２２例。止血效果四组间无差异。静脉曲张消失以３、４组为高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。失访２３例，改外科治疗７０例。累计再出血率为１４．７％，死亡９５例，占随访４４９例２１．１％。直接死于再发出血３４例。随访期生存例数３５４例（７８．８％）。本文提示硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张急性出血止血率高，但曲张静脉消失率仍低，若加服汉防己甲素并结合外科治疗能提高病人生存率。     

Ⅰ型主动脉夹层合并冠状动脉病变的外科治疗

目的 通过对Ⅰ型主动脉夹层外科治疗的回顾性研究,探讨对合并冠状动脉病变Ⅰ型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验,以提高此类疾病的治疗效果.方法 2002年9月至2011年2月共治疗Ⅰ型主动脉夹层207例,其中73例合并冠状动脉病变,并需同期处理.冠状动脉搭桥20例,冠状动脉整合45例,冠状动脉成形8例.结果 73例合并冠状动脉病变的Ⅰ型主动脉夹层,2例死亡,死亡率2.74%.远期随访效果满意.结论 对Ⅰ型主动脉夹层合并冠状动脉病变的患者,术前完善检查,明确冠脉病变,术中注意探查冠状动脉情况,制订合适的外科治疗方案,可以显著提高Ⅰ型主动脉夹层的治疗效果.     

High Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Hybrid Inorganic Fillers: Morphology,Mechanical and Thermal Expansion Performance

The effect of individual and combined talc and glass fibers (GFs) on mechanical and thermal expansion performance of the filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was studied. Several published models were adapted to fit the measured tensile modulus and strength of various composite systems. It was shown that the use of silane-modified GFs had a much larger effect in improving mechanical properties and in reducing linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) values of filled composites, compared with the use of un-modified talc particles due to enhanced bonding to the matrix, larger aspect ratio, and fiber alignment for GFs. Mechanical properties and LCTE values of composites with combined talc and GF fillers varied with talc and GF ratio at a given total filler loading level. The use of a larger portion of GFs in the mix can lead to better composite performance, while the use of talc can help lower the composite costs and increase its recyclability. The use of 30 wt % combined filler seems necessary to control LCTE values of filled HDPE in the data value range generally reported for commercial wood plastic composites. Tensile modulus for talc-filled composite can be predicted with rule of mixture, while a PPA-based model can be used to predict the modulus and strength of GF-filled composites.     

Recent Progress in Single and Combined Porosity-Evaluation Techniques for Porous Materials

The accurate determination of the porosity and specific surface area of porous materials such as shale and cement plays a key role in gas-energy-storage estimation and exploitation, building-heat and humidity-transfer investigation, and permeability-characteristics evaluation. Therefore, it is crucial to select appropriate measurement methods to accurately study the porosity, as well as other properties, of porous materials. In this review, various porosity-measurement methods are discussed. The most recent research findings and progress in combined methodologies are introduced and summarized. The measurement medium and chemical composition of the sample affect the porosity-measurement results. Therefore, depending on the measurement properties of different methods and the characteristics of the sample, an appropriate method can be selected. Furthermore, various methods can be combined to obtain more accurate measurement results than individual methods.     

The therapy of children and adolescents with vascular and immunological disorders in diabetes mellitus]

The paper is concerned with investigation of the state of microcirculation and immune system of 65 children and adolescents with a severe course of diabetes mellitus. The syndrome of marked vasoconstriction in 42.7% of the patients was combined with immunological disorders that required the use of immunomodulators such as andecalin. Due to its simultaneous action on the vascular and immune systems it can be recommended for combined therapy of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.     

The efficacy and safety of Kuntai capsule combined with leuprorelin acetate in the treatment of endometriosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Endometriosis (EMS) is one of the common diseases in women, which seriously affects the quality of life of women. Leuprorelin acetate can control the development of EMS, but long-term use can cause perimenopausal symptoms in women. Clinical studies have shown that Kuntai capsule combined with leuprorelin acetate is effective in the treatment of EMS, which can relieve perimenopausal symptoms, but it lacks of evidence-based medical evidence. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kuntai capsule combined with leuprorelin acetate in the treatment of EMS.Methods:CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, The Cochrance Library, Embase, Web of Science, and other databases were searched by computer to collect randomized controlled trials of Kuntai capsule combined with leuprorelin acetate in the treatment of EMS. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to February 2021. Two researchers screened the literatures and extracted the data and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Kuntai capsule combined with leuprorelin acetate in the treatment of EMS by clinical effective rate, serum sex hormone levels estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, visual analogue scale, Kupperman score and incidence of adverse reactions.Conclusion:This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of Kuntai capsule combined with leuprorelin acetate in the treatment of EMS.Ethics and dissemination:Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval will not be required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/AZU47     

Characteristics of Multiple-Shock Defibrillation

Multiple-Shock Defibrillation. Introduction : A new method for defibrillation allows two shocks to be combined to defibrillate with reduced current by adjusting their separation according to the cycle length of the fibrillation event. We investigated various aspects of this new method to better understand its characteristics and applicability to defibrillation.
Methods and Results : In 48 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, we measured the current for 50% defibrillation success using the new method with sequences of rectangular shocks. Group 1 studied the role of shock total duration and found that two-shock sequences followed a strength-duration curve similar to, but below, that for single shocks. Group 2 studied the role of amplitude and duration balance between shocks and found that two-shock sequences with equal shocks performed best. Group 3 studied whether the new method could be used with either biphasic waveforms or sequential shock pathways. Current reduction for the combined methods equaled the product of current reduction by each method, demonstrating that these methods can be effectively combined. Group 4 extended the method to include three-shock and four-shock sequences and found that a fourth shock did not further improve defibrillation. The optimum three-shock sequence required 33% lower current (P < 0.002) and 34% greater energy (P < 0.095 = NS) than a single shock.
Conclusions : The new method allows defibrillation to be distributed over several fibrillatory cycles and has an improved strength-duration relationship. Two- or three-shock sequences using equal shocks permit a substantial reduction of defibrillation current that can be combined with the reduction for biphasic and sequential methods. Thus, the method may have application in low-current defibrillation devices.     

32例急性重症支气管哮喘的治疗体会

目的探讨急性重症支气管哮喘的最佳治疗效果。方法所有病例均采取内科常规治疗结合糖皮质激素静脉冲击治疗,合并呼吸衰竭者加用机械通气治疗。结果 32例患者中,31例完全缓解,1例死亡,死亡率为3.125%,其中18例药物保守治疗完全缓解,机械通气14例,其中1例死亡。结论重症支气管哮喘患者早期应给予足量糖皮质激素静脉冲击治疗联合内科常规治疗,如症状不能缓解应尽早采用机械通气治疗,这种综合治疗措施可以明显提高治疗的成功率,保证最佳治疗效果。     

联检肝癌标志物对高危人群早期肝癌筛查的临床价值

目的 探讨联合检测肝癌标志物对肝癌高危人群早期肝癌的诊断价值。方法 从住院及体检中抽取1000例HBsAg阳性的乙型肝炎患者，随机分为联检组（300例）和对照组（700例）。联检组每半年检测1次血清AFP、AFU、GGT—Ⅱ、TSGF，阳性患者追加检测次数同时进行影像学检查；对照组则不定期检测上述肝癌标志物和定期电话随访。结果 联检组5年共检出早期肝癌4例，均为小肝癌。对照组5年发现肝癌8例，无1例早期肝癌病例。结论 应用AFP、APU、GGT—Ⅱ、TSGF肿瘤标志物联合检测可明显提高肝癌的早期诊断，尤其对高危人群意义更大。