狭叶重楼的主要甾体皂苷类化学成分的分离及鉴定

目的对重楼属药用植物狭叶重楼(Paris.polyphylla.Smith var stenophylla Franch)的化学成分进行研究,为拓宽重楼属药用植物的资源提供科学依据。方法采用硅胶柱层析,大孔吸附树脂,葡聚糖凝胶SephadexLH-20及反相硅胶RP-C18中压液相柱层析等技术分离纯化其主要化合物,根据理化性质、波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果从狭叶重楼乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了5个甾体皂苷类单体化合物:重楼皂苷:Diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→2)-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside;重楼皂苷V:Diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside;重楼皂苷:Pennogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glu-copyranoside;重楼皂苷:Pennogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside;重楼皂苷H:Pennoge-nin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→2)-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-Glucopyranoside。结论首次从狭叶重楼中分离并鉴定出5个甾体皂苷类化合物。     

循环制备HPLC分离纯化朝鲜白头翁中三萜皂苷

目的研究分离纯化朝鲜白头翁中三萜皂苷的新方法。方法利用溶剂提取法、柱色谱法及循环制备HPLC进行分离纯化。结果从朝鲜白头翁中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为:3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅰ)、cernuosides A(Ⅱ)、cernuosides B(Ⅲ)、oleanolicacid28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅳ)。结论化合物Ⅳ为首次从该属植物中分离得到,此外循环制备HPLC可作为天然产物、合成医药研究的有效手段。     

盾叶薯蓣鲜根茎中甾体皂苷的分离鉴定

目的 研究盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis鲜根茎中的甾体皂苷成分,寻找新的生物活性物质.方法 运用正相和反相C18硅胶柱色谱对其甾体皂苷成分进行分离,用IR、MS、NMR等光谱方法进行结构鉴定.结果 从乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了3个甾体化合物,分别为纤细皂苷(gracillin,Ⅰ)、盾叶皂苷A(zingiberenin A,Ⅱ)和26-O-βD-吡喃葡萄糖基-3β,26-二醇-25(R)-呋甾烷-5,20(22)-双烯-3-O-{α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)])-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,26-dioi-25(R)-furosta-5,20(22)-dien-3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅱ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为一新化合物.命名为盾叶皂苷G(zingiberenin G).     

盾叶薯蓣水溶性成分的研究

目的研究盾叶薯蓣的水溶性化学成分，寻找活性物质。方法用系统溶剂提取，色谱法分离，光谱法鉴定结构，如：^1H—NMR、^13C—NMR135DEPT、HMQC、HMBC、TOCSY。结果从盾叶薯蓣的水溶液中分离到-个薯蓣皂苷、一个苯苷类化合物、一个生物碱类化合物。薯蓣皂苷经测定分析，鉴定为26-O-（β-D-葡萄糖）-（25R）-furost-5-en-3β，26-diol-22-OMe-3-O-{α-L-鼠李糖-（1→4）-[β-D-葡萄糖-（1→3）-β-D-葡萄糖-（1→2）]-β-D-葡萄糖}。结论经文献检索为一新化合物，命名为盾叶薯蓣皂苷E（zingierenin E），另两个化合物在盾叶薯蓣中为首次报道。     

卷丹化学成分的研究

目的研究卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.鳞茎中的化学成分。方法利用柱色谱和重结晶等进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为:①β-D-葡萄糖糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,②β-D-果呋喃糖基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,③甲基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,④甲基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷,⑤腺嘌呤核苷,⑥胡萝卜苷,⑦1-O-对香豆酰基甘油酯,⑧薯蓣皂苷元3-O-{O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷},⑨(25R)-3β,17α-二羟基-5α-螺甾烷-6-酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷,⑩(25R)-3β-羟基-5α-螺甾烷-6-酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷,(11)(25R)-螺甾烷-5-烯-3β-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)]β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,(12)二十九烷醇,(13)正二十二烷酸,(14)豆甾醇,(15)β-谷甾醇。结论化合物2、3和化合物5～11均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

太白米的甾体生物碱类成分研究

从太白米Notholirion bulbuliferum干燥小鳞茎的正丁醇提取物中分离并鉴定了3个甾体生物碱苷,经 IR、13CNMR、MS 等方法分别鉴定为茄次碱-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(solanidine-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅰ)、茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(solanidine-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅱ)、茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(solanidine-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅲ).其中化合物Ⅰ为首次从本植物中分得.     

盾叶薯蓣中甾体皂苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的 对盾叶薯蓣进行化学成分研究.方法 利用反相色谱技术分离盾叶薯蓣水相部分中的化学成分,用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、135DEPT、HMQC和HMBC等方法鉴定其结构.结果 从新鲜的盾叶薯蓣根茎分得3个甾体皂苷,分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-毗喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ二醇-7-羰基3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]0β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ).结论 化合物Ⅱ为一新甾体皂苷,命名为盾叶薯蓣皂苷H(zingiberenin H).     

龙葵全草皂苷类化学成分研究

目的研究龙葵Solanum nigrum全草的皂苷类化学成分。方法采用硅胶、反相ODS开放柱色谱及反相HPLC等手段分离化合物,运用波谱技术分析确定化学结构。结果龙葵全草60%乙醇提取物经D-101大孔树脂柱吸附,获得的60%乙醇洗脱部分再经分离得到8个化合物。利用理化及波谱分析确定这些化合物结构分别为uttroside B(Ⅰ)、uttroside A(Ⅱ)、22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-Δ5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅲ)、22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-呋甾-Δ5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅳ)、5α,22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅴ)、5α,22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-呋甾-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅵ)、dumoside(Ⅶ)、5α,20S-3β,16β-二醇-孕甾-22-羧酸-(22,16)-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅷ)。结论化合物Ⅲ～Ⅷ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

羊齿天门冬的化学成分

目的：对羊齿天门冬Asparagus filicinus Ham，ex D．Don的化学成分进行研究。方法：运用多种层析分离方法进行分离纯化，通过^1H NMR、^13C NMR等波谱技术确定化合物的结构。结果：分离并鉴定了10个化合物，其中包括5个蜕皮甾酮类化合物：β-ecdysterone（1）、25-hydroxydacryhainansterone（2）、stachystemneB（3）、5-deoxykaladaslemne（4）、calonystemne（5），2个木脂紊类化合物：syrlngaresinol-4＇-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（6）、（＋）-nyasol（7），1个苯丙素类化合物：1-O-femloylglyceml（8），p谷甾醇（9）和β-胡萝卜苷（10）。结论：其中化合物2-10均为首次从该植物中分离得到，2为新的天然产物。     

A New Triterpenoid Saponin from Aidi Injection

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from Aidi Injection. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 gel columns and reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC repeatedly. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis (NMR and MS). Results Twenty-two compounds were isolated and identified to be 3-O-3′,4′-diacetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- cycloastragenol (1), astragaloside IV (2), astragaloside II (3), astragaloside I (4), isoastragaloside I (5), acetylastragaloside I (6), ginsenosid Re (7), ginsenoside Rf (8), ginsenoside Rg1 (9), ginsenoside Rb3 (10), notoginsenoside R4 (11), ginsenoside Rb1 (12), ginsenoside Rc (13), ginsenoside Rb2 (14), ginsenoside Rd (15), lucyoside H (16), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-α-L- arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (17), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl [β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (18), syringin (19), elentheroside E (20), 4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (21), and coniferin (22). Conclusion Compounds 1－6 are originated from Astragalus membranceus, compounds 7－18 are originated from Panax ginseng, and compounds 19－22 are originated from Acanthopanax senticosus by LC-MS analysis. Compound 1 is a new compound.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.