浅谈系统评价的文献偏倚问题

文献偏倚是指由于无法全面地获得相关的临床研究资料,从而影响系统评价结果的真实性.常见的文献偏倚主要包括(1)文献发表偏倚,指某些研究始终不能被发表或被延迟发表;(2)文献查寻偏倚,指系统评价过程中,没有全面地获得已发表的相关文献;(3)文献筛选偏倚,是由于文献筛选不当,错误地剔除了某些有用的文献.文献偏倚评估的常用方法是以各研究的样本量为纵坐标,作用大小为横坐标,绘制漏斗形图.     

Brief reports for disseminating systematic reviews to nurses

Much has been written about the importance of using research findings to guide nursing practice. How to best disseminate those findings to nurses remains a challenge. In many clinical settings, nurses interested in research utilization and evidence-based practice retrieve, review, and integrate knowledge from research reports to guide decisions about best practices. Major barriers to this approach, however, are staff nurses' lack of time, expertise, and resources for this process. One approach to overcoming these barriers is to disseminate the results of systematic research reviews directly to nurses in the form of brief reports, written in an easy-to-understand style, and sent via e-mail. This article describes the development of brief reports as a strategy for disseminating the results of systematic reviews to staff nurses. To demonstrate the use of brief reports for this purpose, we chose a systematic review published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.