Does Peritoneal Protein Transport Increase with Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy Duration and Lead to Extracellular Water Overload in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients?

Faster peritoneal transport status has been associated with adverse outcomes for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Peritoneal protein clearance, through large pores, may be a surrogate marker of local inflammation. We wished to determine whether peritoneal protein transport increased with PD duration or was associated with extracellular water (ECW) expansion. We studied the relationships between 4 h Dialysate (D)/Serum (S) protein and ECW excess, using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance assessments, in 103 PD patients with up to 4 years of prospectively collected peritoneal equilibrium test (PET) results. 4 h PET D/S total protein and creatinine ratios were stable over time (K‐W test, P = 0.063 and P = 0.3357, respectively). The initial PET 4 h D/S creatinine and D/S total protein correlated with ECW excess (r = 0.33, P = 0.003, and r = 0.27, P = 0.019, respectively), but thereafter there was no association. CRP and albumin did not correlate with 4 h D/S creatinine or total protein. Serial 4 h D/S total protein and 4 h D/S creatinine correlated all time points (P < 0.001). At the start of PD therapy, over‐hydration (ECW excess) was observed with higher 4 h D/S creatinine and 4 h D/S total protein ratios, suggesting initial exposure to PD fluids causes faster transport. Thereafter changes in peritoneal creatinine and total protein transport mirrored each other suggesting that similar factors lead to changes in both small and large pore transport, and there was no sustained increase in larger pore transport with therapy time.     

Impact of Renal Survival on the Course and Outcome of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Treated With Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis

This longitudinal study investigated whether renal survival can affect the course and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). Thirty-five SLE patients, out of 1115 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with chronic PD, were seen between 1990 and 2007 at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients were followed up for a mean of 38.8 ± 22.9 months. There were no significant differences between patients with short renal survival (<3 years) and long renal survival (>3 years) for the various demographic variables such as age, sex, PD duration, immunosuppressive drug administration, or exchange system (P > 0.05). Interestingly, before PD, patients with short renal survival had lower serum complement levels than patients with long renal survival (C3, 40.2 ± 14.4 vs 76.3 ± 18.5 mg/dL, P < 0.001; and C4, 14.8 ± 4.7 vs 22.4 ± 8.1 mg/dL, P < 0.05). However, the differences in complement levels between the groups disappeared after PD (C3, 76.5 ± 27.3 vs 84.2 ± 27.8 mg/dL; and C4, 26.7 ± 11.3 vs 22.6 ± 10.8 mg/dL, both P > 0.05). Patients with short renal survival were more likely to have a high peritoneal solute transporter rate (PSTR) than their long renal survival counterparts (χ²-test, P = 0.02, and AUROC = 0.744 and P = 0.040); however, there were no significant differences for other variables such as cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), Kt/V, residual renal function, exit site infection, and peritonitis (P > 0.05). Finally, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the two groups did not differ in patient and technical survival (P > 0.05). Therefore it was concluded that renal survival might be associated with PSTR, but not with patient and technical survival in SLE patients treated with PD.     

Relationship Between Residual Renal Function and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels in dialysis patients are influenced by various factors, including phosphorus load. However, the clinical parameters that determine serum FGF23 levels in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of clinical factors, on serum FGF23 levels, with an emphasis on residual renal function (RRF). This cross‐sectional study included 56 outpatients undergoing PD therapy. Urine volume ≥100 mL/day or renal creatinine (Cr) clearance was used as a surrogate marker for RRF. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without RRF. Linear regression analysis was conducted with serum FGF23 level as the dependent variable and renal Cr clearance as the main independent variable. The median and interquartile range of serum FGF23 levels were 5970 (1451–11 688) pg/mL. Patients with RRF showed higher urinary and total phosphate eliminations, and lower serum FGF23 and phosphate levels than patients without RRF. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the renal Cr clearance and serum phosphate and dialysis history were negatively associated with serum FGF23 levels, even after adjusting for potential confounders including peritoneal Cr clearance. Further, the predictabilities of serum FGF23 were comparable among renal Cr clearance, Kt/V for urea, and renal phosphate clearance. RRF determined by renal Cr clearance or residual urine volume is an independent negative determinant of serum FGF23 levels in PD patients.     

Bioimpedance Spectroscopy‐Based Fluid Status in Combined Dialysis Compared With Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Combination therapy with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (PD+HD) is widely used in Japan for PD patients with decreased residual renal function. However, fluid status in PD+HD patients has not been well studied. In this cross‐sectional study, we compared fluid status in 41 PD+HD patients with that in 103 HD and 92 PD patients using the bioimpedance spectroscopy. Extracellular water normalized to patient height (NECW, kg/m) was the highest in pre‐HD (8.3 ± 1.6) followed by PD (7.9 ± 2.7), PD+HD (7.5 ± 2.5), and post‐HD patients (6.9 ± 1.5) (P < 0.01). By multiple linear regression analysis, PD+HD was associated with a significantly lower NECW than pre‐HD (β = ?0.8, P = 0.03) and similar to PD (β = ?0.5, P = 0.24) and post‐HD (β = 0.6, P = 0.08) after adjustment for age, sex, diabetic nephropathy, ischemic heart disease, dialysis period, and daily urine volume. There was no correlation between NECW and daily urine volume in all dialysis groups. Average daily fluid removal (a sum of urine volume and ultrafiltration volume by dialysis) was positively correlated with NECW in PD+HD and pre‐HD, but not in PD and post‐HD patients. Our results suggest that fluid status in PD+HD patients with decreased residual renal function is acceptable as compared with that in HD and PD patients.     

分析糖尿病肾病和非糖尿病肾病腹膜透析患者容量负荷及营养状态

目的 观察对比糖尿病肾病和非糖尿病肾病腹膜透析患者容量负荷及营养状态.方法 该院2019年2月—2020年2月收治的108例行腹膜透析治疗患者为该次研究对象,按照患者疾病类型是否为糖尿病肾病分为A组(54例糖尿病肾病)与B组(54例非糖尿病肾病),比较两组患者容量负荷及营养状态.结果 A组患者治疗6个月后血压、尿量以及...     

B型脑钠肽、超敏C-反应蛋白与老年难治性心力衰竭患者心功能的关系

目的 探讨老年难治性心衰患者B型脑钠肽(BNP)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与心功能的关系.方法 对33例老年顽固性心衰患者(心力衰竭组)和15例健康体检者(对照组)检测BNP、hs-CRP水平,同时用彩色多普勒超声心动图仪测定左室射血分数(LVEV)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDD).结果 与对照组比较,心功能Ⅲ级组、Ⅳ级组患者BNP、hs-CRP、LVDD均明显升高,而LVEF明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).心功能Ⅳ级组BNP、hs-CRP、LVDD较Ⅲ级组均明显升高,而LVEF明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).相关分析示BNP与心功能分级(r=0.769,P<0.05)和LVDD(r=0.725,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,与LVEF(r=-0.876.P<0.05)呈显著负相关;而CRP与心功能分级(r=0.357,P=0.02)呈显著正相关,与LVEF(r=0.202,P=0.078)、LVDD(r=0.374,P=0.072)无明显相关.结论 老年难治性心衰患者BNP和hs-CRP随心力衰竭程度的加重而相应升高,BNP与左心功能状态有良好的相关性,对老年难治性心衰患者的诊断及预后有较好预测价值.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清BNP水平与hs-CRP、cTNI水平的相关性研究

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清脑利钠肽(BNP)与高敏C反-应蛋白(hs-CRP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTNI)指标的相关性及其在ACS患者危险分层中可能的临床意义。方法ACS患者41例包括急性心肌梗死患者21例和不稳定型心绞痛患者20例;稳定型心绞痛患者29例和与之年龄、性别等相匹配的30例对照者进入本研究。酶联免疫吸附法测定血清BNP水平,免疫比浊法测定hs-CRP水平,化学发光法测定cTNI水平。结果急性心肌梗死组和不稳定型心绞痛组患者的血清BNP水平均明显高于稳定型心绞痛和对照组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05);在ACS组中,BNP与cTNI和hs-CRP具有相关性(r分别为0.67和0.91,P<0.05)。结论①血清BNP水平在ACS患者中明显升高,可作为辅助诊断指标之一。②ACS患者血清BNP水平升高程度与同期测定的血清hs-CRP、cTNI水平呈显著正相关。     

芪参胶囊对急性冠脉综合征患者心室重构及血浆BNP、CRP影响

目的观察芪参胶囊对急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）患者心室重构、血浆脑钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide,BNP）、C反应蛋白（C-response protein,CRP）水平的影响。方法 126例急性冠脉综合征患者随机分为对照组（n=64）和治疗组（n=62）,对照组给予常规治疗;治疗组在对照组常规治疗基础上加用芪参胶囊4粒,每日3次（口服）。分别于治疗前、治疗6个月后做超声心动图测量左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、左心室收缩末期内径（left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESd）和左心室舒张末期内径（left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDd）;同时测定BNP、CRP浓度和肝、肾功能、血脂和血糖等指标。结果与治疗组治疗前相比及与对照组治疗后比较,治疗组治疗6个月后LVEF升高（P〈0.01）而LVESd和LVEDd缩小（P〈0.05）;血甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度降低（P〈0.01）、血高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高（P〈0.01）;同时BNP、CRP浓度降低（P〈0.01）。结论芪参胶囊在常规治疗基础上可改善ACS患者的左室重构,降低血脂和炎症反应,同时对改善心功能有辅助作用。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆脑钠肽、肌钙蛋白I、高敏C反应蛋白水平对近期预后的影响

目的探讨不稳定型心绞痛（uA）患者血浆脑钠肽（BNP）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）和高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平对近期预后的价值。方法按Braunwald标准,120例心功能正常的UA患者分为IB组（35例）、ⅡB组（42例）及ⅢB组（43例）,并取50例稳定型心绞痛（SAP）患者作为对照组。SAP组与UA组于人院24h内及入院后24h抽肘前静脉血2次,分别行BNP、cTnI和hs—CRP检测,取两次结果的最高值,并择期行冠状动脉造影检查。随访30d内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）。结果①UA组BNP、cTnI、hs—CRP均显著高于对照组（P均〈0．05）;ⅢB组的BNP[96．3（79．8～100．1）]、cTnI（0．078±0．022）和hs—CRP（9．68±1．95）显著高于IB组和ⅡB组[ⅠB组BNP50．0（32．6±58．8）、Tnl（0．018±0．06）、hs—CRP（4．88±1．83）;ⅡB组BNP90．6（69．6～95．8）、Tnl（0．042±0．010）、hs—CRP（5．72±2．08）,P均〈0．05]。②冠脉三支病变组的BNP（99．65±19．73）与双支病变组的BNP（48．54±10．79）明显高于单支病变组（30．37±8．52）。三支病变组的BNP、cTnI明显高于双支及单支病变组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。③观察4周,uA组心脏事件发生率明显高于SAP组（16％比2％,P〈0．05）。Logistic回归分析显示,BNP、cTnI和hs—CRP是30dMACE的独立预测因素。结论血浆BNP、cTnI和hs—CRP水平对临床评价UA患者病情程度及近期预后有重要价值。     

胺碘酮对阵发性房颤患者P波离散度及高敏C-反应蛋白和脑钠肽的影响

目的观察胺碘酮对阵发性房颤患者P波离散度及高敏C-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）和脑钠肽（BNP）的影响。方法56例阵发性心房颤动患者作为观察组,31例健康体检者作为对照组。治疗前及经胺碘酮治疗3个月后测定P波离散度,取血测定hs—CRP和BNP水平。结果治疗前观察组P波离散度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗后观察组的P波离散度减少30．9％,两组的变化值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗前观察组hs—CRP和BNP水平均比对照组显著增高（P〈0．05）,治疗后hs—CRP和BNP水平分别降低50．9％和16．5％;两组间二者的变化值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论胺碘酮可使阵发性房颤患者P波离散度减小,使增高的hs—CRP和BNP水平显著降低。