慢性移植物抗宿主病狼疮样小鼠模型的诱导

目的　诱导慢性移植物抗宿主病狼疮样小鼠模型。方法　选用 (DBA 2×C57BL 6J)F1小鼠 ,通过尾静脉注射其母鼠DBA 2淋巴细胞诱导模型 ,观察 12周。结果　F1小鼠注射母鼠淋巴细胞后 2周产生自身抗体 ,出现蛋白尿 ,4周血脂、血肌酐、尿素氮轻度升高 ,肾脏病理仅有系膜细胞轻度增生 ,未见间质损害。 8周血生化指标明显改变 ,肾脏病理示肾小球系膜细胞中度增生 ,间质炎细胞浸润和肾小管大量蛋白管型 ,10～ 12周各项观察指标改变明显 ,病理出现局灶或弥漫肾小球硬化 ,免疫荧光示IgG、IgM、C3沿毛细血管壁及系膜区沉积。结论　慢性移植物抗宿主病狼疮样小鼠模型类似人类狼疮性肾炎 ,是良好的狼疮肾炎模型     

Pi3-k/Akt信号通路在狼疮样小鼠肾组织中的激活及霉酚酸酯的调控作用

目的:研究Pi3-k/Akt信号通路在狼疮样小鼠肾组织中的激活及霉酚酸酯(MMF)的调控作用。方法:建立cGVHD狼疮样小鼠模型。随机分为3组,每组6只小鼠,将模型动物分两组即模型组和MMF治疗组,另设对照组。检测各组血肌酐、尿素氮及尿蛋白变化,观察肾组织纤维化程度,检测各组小鼠肾组织中P-Akt及Akt蛋白表达情况。结果:12周模型组的小鼠肾小球系膜节段、弥漫性增生,且血肌酐、尿素氮及尿蛋白较对照组均明显增加。Western blotting结果证实模型组肾组织中Akt及P-Akt蛋白表达与正常组相比均明显增加(P<0.01),而MMF治疗组与模型组相比其Akt及P-Akt的蛋白表达均降低,且血肌酐、尿素氮及尿蛋白水平也受到抑制。结论:Pi3-k/Akt信号通路参与了狼疮肾炎的发病,MMF抑制Akt的磷酸化可能是其在狼疮肾炎中发挥治疗作用的机制之一。     

195例肾小球疾病的临床病理分型与中医辨证分型的相关分析

对 195例肾小球疾病的临床病理分型与中医辨证分型的相关性加以分析 ,结果表明中医分型中阴虚型与肾炎型相关 ,多见于系膜增生性肾炎、增生硬化性肾炎 ;气阴两虚型与肾病型与肾炎型均相关 ,多见于系膜增生性肾炎、膜性肾病、毛细血管内皮增生性肾炎、增生硬化性肾炎 ;气虚型与肾病型相关 ,多见于系膜增生性肾炎、膜增生性肾炎、膜性肾病、轻微病变性肾炎、微小病变性肾病 ;阳虚型与肾病型相关 ,多见于膜性肾病、微小病变性肾病。     

白细胞介素Ⅰ受体拮抗剂和抗白细胞介素6抗体对NZB/WF_1小鼠狼疮性肾炎的影响

观察白细胞介素Ⅰ受体拮抗剂（IL-1ra）和抗白细胞介素6抗体（抗IL-6）对9月龄狼疮倾向NZB／WF1小鼠肾脏的形态学表现：IL-1ra组为轻度局灶性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎，病变单一；抗IL-6组呈中度弥漫性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎；盐水对照组为重度弥漫性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎伴明显病变多样性改变。电镜下3组肾小球内均可见多处电子致密物沉积，但IL-1ra组小且少，盐水组则大且多。结果提示，IL-1ra有明显减轻狼疮倾向NZB／WF1小鼠肾小球病理损害作用，从而延缓肾小球硬化，改善肾功能。抗IL-6组亦对小鼠肾小球病变有改善作用。     

小鼠竹叶青蛇毒素致系膜增生性肾小球肾炎模型的建立

目的：建立小鼠竹叶青蛇毒素（Habu snake venom，HSV）谤发系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsGN）模型。方法：动物随机分模型组和对照组。模型组小鼠注射HSV。对照组仅注射等量的生理盐水。定期测定血尿素氮（BUN）的水平，观察肾组织病理改变，并应用免疫组织化学方法测定TGF—β蛋白，作为增值指标观察系膜细胞的增生情况。结果：小鼠注射HSV1天后即BUN升高。第7天达高峰，2周后仍维持在较高的水平。肾组织病理改变表现为不同程度的系膜细胞破坏，系膜区溶解，随后肾小球内有核细胞增多，系膜细胞增生厦系膜区扩张。模型组TGF—B蛋白在肾小球的阳性表达与正常对照组相比均具有显著差异性。结论：竹叶青蛇毒素注射能引起小鼠系膜增生性肾炎的肾脏病变。     

慢性移植物抗宿主病模型的诱导及补肾清热毒方的疗效观察

目的　观察慢性移植物抗宿主病模型的诱导及补肾清热毒方的疗效。方法　选用 (DBA/ 2×C5 7BL/ 6J)F1小鼠 ,通过尾静脉注射其母鼠DBA/ 2淋巴细胞来诱导模型 ,观察 12周。同时于诱导后第 4周 ,将模型小鼠随机分为中药组 ,强的松组 ,模型组及未诱导的F1对照组 ,用药 8周后处死。观察自身抗体、血肌酐、尿素氮、肾脏病理等指标。结果　注射后 4周的小鼠仅有系膜细胞轻度增生 ,未见间质损害。 12周各项观察指标改变最明显 ,病理改变以内皮下大量嗜复红物质沉积 ,肾小管蛋白管型和肾间质大量炎细胞浸润 ,局灶或节段肾小球出现硬化为主要表现。免疫荧光示IgG、C3沿毛细血管沉积。中药组和强的松组均能降低尿蛋白浓度、自身抗体、血肌酐、尿素氮 ,中药组还有降低胆固醇功效 ,两药对轻度系膜细胞增生有效。结论　慢性移植物抗宿主模型类似人类狼疮性肾炎 ,是良好的狼疮肾炎模型。中药补肾清热毒方在狼疮肾炎发病早期有治疗作用     

抗Thy1系膜增生性肾炎大鼠模型的制备

目的：建立抗Thy1系膜增生性肾炎动物模型。方法：利用OX-7杂交瘤细胞株产生抗Thy1抗体,纯化后尾静脉注射SD大鼠建立抗Thy1系膜增生性肾炎动物模型,不同时间点（0、3、5、7、10、14天）检测肾功能和尿蛋白定量,留取肾组织做病理,提取总蛋白。结果：抗Thy1肾炎模型组大鼠与对照组大鼠相比,第5天和第7天24小时尿蛋白定量显著升高（p＜0．05,n＝6）,第10天后24小时尿蛋白定量开始下降,与系膜增殖变化程度一致。结论：本研究成功制备了抗Thy1肾炎大鼠模型,为研究系膜增生性肾炎提供了新的方法。     

肾疏宁对系膜增生性肾炎模型大鼠肾小球细胞外基质的抑制作用

目的:验证中药肾疏宁对大鼠系膜增生性肾炎细胞外基质聚集的防治作用。方法:复制大鼠系膜增生性肾炎模型,观察肾疏宁对细胞外基质中纤维连接蛋白(FN)、四型胶原(ColⅣ)聚积的影响并以苯那普利为对照。结果:肾疏宁能明显减少细胞外基质中FN、ColⅣ聚积。结论:肾疏宁防治系膜增生性肾炎的作用可能与抑制系膜基质聚积有关。     

中西医结合治疗激素敏感型系膜增生性肾炎疗效观察

目的评价中西医结合治疗激素敏感型系膜增生性肾炎的疗效。方法将122例呈肾病综合征表现并对强的松治疗敏感的非IgA系膜增生性肾炎患者随机分为两组,对照组按常规方法使用并撤减强的松治疗,观察组在强的松常规治疗的基础上加用中药治疗。通过观察系膜增生性肾炎的复发及强的松副作用发生情况评价中西医结合治疗系膜增生性肾炎的疗效。结果观察组系膜增生性肾炎的复发率及强的松副作用的发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论中西医结合治疗激素敏感型系膜增生性肾炎,可以明显减少复发及明显减少强的松的副作用。     

芪益强肾饮对系膜增生性肾小球肾炎大鼠肾组织PDGF和FN的影响

目的观察中药复方芪益强肾饮对系膜增生性肾炎大鼠肾组织血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）和纤维连接蛋白（FN）的影响。方法试验大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、芪益强肾饮组、肾炎康复片组。制备系膜增生性肾小球肾炎大鼠模型;以芪益强肾饮、肾炎康复片灌胃;免疫组化法观察各组大鼠肾组织中PDGF和FN的表达情况。结果芪益强肾饮组及肾炎康复片组大鼠肾组织系膜细胞中PDGF、FN的表达均降低,芪益强肾饮组更为明显。结论芪益强肾饮对系膜增生性肾小球肾炎大鼠肾组织中PDGF和FN的表达有抑制作用,可能会延缓肾小球疾病的发展,在防治肾小球硬化方面有帮助。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.