体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像对乳腺肿块样病变的诊断价值

目的 乳腺肿块样病变的诊断及鉴别对于临床治疗方案的制定及预后判断具有重要意义.本研究旨在探索体素内不相关运动(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)在乳腺肿块样病变中的诊断价值.方法 选取云南省肿瘤医院2015-07-01-2015-12-30乳腺肿块患者127例,共135个病灶,其中乳腺癌75例(75个病灶)、良性肿瘤27例(32个病灶)、囊肿10例(13个病灶)、炎性病变15例(15个病灶).所有患者行常规DWI及IVIM-DWI、动态增强(dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging,DCE-MRI)检查.根据病理结果将病灶分为乳腺癌组、良性肿瘤组、囊肿组、炎性病变组,并以对侧正常腺体作为对照组.比较不同病变及正常腺体各组间ADC、D、D*和f值有无差异,评价上述各参数对乳腺肿块样良恶性病变的诊断效能.结果 在IVIM-DWI上,随b值增大,囊肿信号呈单指数线性衰减,正常腺体组织、炎性病变、良性肿瘤及乳腺癌信号呈双指数非线性衰减.单因素方差分析显示,各组ADC(F=119.35,P＜0.001)、D(F=58.31,P＜0.001)、f(F=50.961,P＜0.001)和D*值(F=2.732,P=0.032)比较差异有统计学意义;进一步两两比较,ADC值除对照组和良性肿瘤组外其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),囊肿组ADC值最高,乳腺癌组最低;D值各组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);f值除炎性组和乳腺癌组、腺体组和良性肿瘤组外,其余各组间比较差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;D*值仅囊肿组与其他4组比较差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.各组D与ADC值比较,除囊肿组D值和ADC值差异无统计学意义外,余各组ADC值均高于D值,P＜0.001.D、ADC和f值诊断乳腺肿块样病变良恶性实验得到的曲线下面积(area under roc curve,AUC)分别为0.930、0.898和0.768,D值诊断效果最好,三者鉴别诊断乳腺肿块样良恶性病变的最佳临界值分别为0.89×10-3mm2/s、1.08×10-3 mm2/s和5.54％,相对应的诊断敏感性依次为95.7％、89.3％和79.2％,特异性依次为92.9％、87.5％和71.4％.结论 IVIM-DWI对于乳腺肿块样病变具有较高的诊断及鉴别诊断的价值,D值诊断效能较常规ADC值更好.     

体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像参数与早期宫颈癌肿瘤基质比的相关性

[目的]探讨体素内不相干运动（intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM）扩散加权成像（diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI）参数与早期宫颈癌肿瘤基质比（TSR）的相关性。[方法] 2021年1月1日至2021年12月1日期间选择77例早期宫颈癌患者纳入研究。患者均接受IVIM-DWI成像,并测量D、D*和f值参数。根据TSR将肿瘤分为基质丰富组和基质贫乏组,对两组的IVIM参数进行比较。采用多元回归分析IVIM参数与TSR之间的关系。[结果]基质丰富肿瘤的D值和f值显著性低于基质贫乏肿瘤（P=0.018、0.015）。D值与TSR呈密切负相关（r=-0.642,P=0.015）,f值与TSR呈中度负相关（r=-0.503,P=0.028）。D值和f值在区分基质丰富和基质贫乏肿瘤的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.834(95%CI:0.617～0.906)和0.677(95%CI:0.576～0.794)。多元回归分析显示,肿瘤大小（P=0.007）、TSR(P=0.008)、组织学分级（P=0.012）和组织类型（P=0.031）与D值相关。...     

孤立性肺结节体素内不相干运动扩散加权磁共振成像研究

目的:探讨体素内不相干运动扩散加权磁共振成像（intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging,IVIM-DWI）在孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodules,SPN)中的应用价值。方法:对57例有明确病理诊断的孤立性肺结节分为良性结节组（n=16）与恶性结节组（n=41）,恶性结节分为小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）组（n=10）和非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）组（n=28）。对不同组扩散加权成像（diffusion weighted imaging,DWI）和IVIM-DWI图像进行分析,测量其ADC值、D值、D*值和f值。分析不同组之间各参数的差异性,评估各衍生参数的诊断效能。结果:ADC、D和f值在良恶性结节间差异有显著性。ADC值和D值在SCLC与NSCLC之间差异有显著性。良性结节与恶性结节,ADC、D及f值受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线下面积分别为0.822、0.864、0.736,D值显示出最高的诊断效能。SCLC与NSCLC,ADC、D值ROC曲线下面积分别为0.843、0.814,ADC值有最高的诊断效能。结论:IVIM-DWI可以对SPN良恶性作鉴别诊断,不仅能反映组织的扩散信息,还能反映其灌注信息,对孤立性肺结节的评估有重要指导意义。     

体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像参数对肝脏肿瘤性质的鉴别诊断效果

目的分析体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)参数对肝脏肿瘤性质的鉴别诊断效果。方法选取2014年6月至2016年11月间新疆医科大学第二附属医院收治的68例肝脏肿瘤患者,均行常规磁共振成像平扫,磁共振THRIVE动态增强扫描及多b值(b=0、50、100、200、400、600、800、1000和1200s/mm2)扫描,DWI采用双指数模型获得慢速扩散系数(D)、快速扩散系数(D*)和快速扩散成分的百分比(f)。对不同肿瘤性质病人的D和D*值进行分析比较。结果良性肝脏肿瘤患者D值为(1.71±0.61)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,D*值为(22.1±18.6)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,f值为(34.1±23.8)×10~(-3)mm~2/s;恶性肿瘤患者D值为(1.05±0.41)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,D*值为(16.7±15.1)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,f值为(24.1±15.4)×10~(-3)mm~2/s。两组f值无明显差异,D值和D*值比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。参数D的曲线下面积、特异性、敏感性以及准确性均高于D*,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 IVIM-DWI参数D和D*值能够有效提高肝脏肿瘤性质的鉴别诊断效果,为定性诊断提供可靠依据,其中,D值有助于更好的区分肿瘤性质。     

体素内不相干运动联合扩散加权成像对肺癌疗效的评估价值

目的 探讨体素内不相干运动(IVIM)联合扩散加权成像(DWI)技术在肺癌原发灶疗效评估中的价值.方法 选取2016年2月至2019年2月间中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院收治的行铂类为基础的标准一线化疗方案的58例中晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者.治疗前采用CT和MRI检查,治疗后2周期采用CT评估疗效,根据...     

磁共振高分辨T2加权成像联合基于体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像对直肠癌壁外血管侵犯的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振（MR）高分辨T2加权成像（T2WI）联合基于体素内不相干运动弥散加权成像（IVIM-DWI）对直肠癌壁外血管侵犯（EMVI）的诊断价值。方法 选取82例直肠癌患者,所有患者术前均进行MR高分辨T2WI、IVIM-DWI检查,以术后病理检查结果为金标准,分析MR高分辨T2WI、IVIM-DWI单独及联合检查对直肠癌EMVI的诊断效能。结果 术后病理结果显示,82例患者中,EMVI阳性40例,EMVI阴性42例。MR高分辨T2WI+IVIM-DWI诊断直肠癌EMVI的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为100%、97.62%、98.78%、97.56%、100%,均高于MR高分辨T2WI(72.50%、78.57%、75.61%、76.32%、75.00%)、IVIMDWI(77.50%、80.95%、79.27%、79.49%、79.07%),差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论 MR高分辨T2WI联合IVIM-DWI对直肠癌EMVI具有较高的诊断效能。     

磁共振成像体素内不相干运动-扩散加权成像序列及纹理分析在鼻咽癌鉴别诊断及分期中的应用价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)体素内不相干运动(IVIM)-扩散加权成像(DWI)序列和纹理分析在鼻咽癌鉴别诊断和分期中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析唐山市人民医院2019年10月至2021年10月收治的125例鼻咽癌患者(研究组)和同期76例鼻咽部炎性增生患者(对照组)的临床资料。所有患者均行MRI T2WI和IVIM-DWI序列扫描,形成平扫T2WI图像、DWI、纯扩散系数(D)、伪扩散系数(D*)、灌注分数(f)伪彩图,获取纹理分析参数表观弥散系数(ADC)、D、D*、f值。比较两组患者和不同临床分期的IVIM-DWI序列扫描参数和纹理分析参数;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估IVIM序列参数和纹理分析参数对于鼻咽癌及其分期的鉴别诊断效能。结果与对照组相比,研究组患者病灶D值[(0.80±0.13)×10^-3 mm²/s比(1.19±0.27)×10^-3 mm²/s],f值[(11.3±2.2)%比(15.6±3.3)%],平均ADC值[(0.92±0.17)×10^-3 mm²/s比(1.16±0.19)×10^-3 mm²/s]和方差(2189±862比3563±925)均低(均P<0.05),偏度(0.50±0.17比0.31±0.12)、峰度(0.56±0.13比-0.21±0.06)和熵(10.5±2.3比7.1±2.1)均高(均P<0.05)。IVIM序列参数和纹理分析参数鉴别诊断鼻咽癌的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.763和0.803,两者联合的AUC为0.868,灵敏度和特异度分别为89.6%和86.8%。与Ⅰ~Ⅱ期鼻咽癌患者比较,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者病灶D值[(0.75±0.13)×10^-3 mm²/s比(0.89±0.16)×10^-3 mm²/s]和f值[(10.8±2.8)%比(12.1±3.0)%]较低(均P<0.05);平均ADC值[(0.90±0.14)×10^-3 mm²/s比(0.96±0.16)×10^-3 mm²/s]和方差(2063±831比2431±846)较低(均P<0.05),偏度(0.56±0.15比0.39±0.16)、峰度(0.62±0.15比0.44±0.13)和熵(11.0±2.1比9.1±2.4)均较高(均P<0.05)。纹理分析参数和IVIM序列参数鉴别不同分期鼻咽癌的AUC分别为0.863和0.796,两者联合鉴别的AUC为0.894,灵敏度和特异度分别为85.4%和90.7%。结论MRI纹理分析和IVIM定量分析对于鼻咽癌的鉴别诊断和分期有较高的价值,其中纹理分析鉴别诊断鼻咽癌和对其分期的灵敏度和特异度较高,两者联合应用整体效能最高。     

体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像对原发性肝细胞肝癌患者经导管动脉栓塞化疗疗效的评估价值

目的 探讨体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)对原发性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)患者经导管动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)疗效的评估价值.方法 80例HCC患者均接受TACE治疗,术后根据实体瘤疗效评价标准分为稳定组(n=45)和进展组(n=35),所有患者TACE前后均接受IVIM-DWI检查,检测纯扩散系数(D)、伪...     

IVIMMRI评估宫颈癌同步放化疗疗效探讨

目的 使用IVIMMRI研究宫颈癌的组织学特性,并探讨IVIMMRI在中晚期宫颈癌放化疗疗效评估中的应用价值。方法 对23例经病理证实为中晚期(≥Ⅱ_b期)宫颈癌患者分别于放化疗前、治疗后2周、4周及结束时行盆腔MRI扫描,包括T₂WI、IVIM (14个b值,范围0~1 000 s/mm²)及T₁增强扫描。IVIMMRI数据使用双指数模型分析获得纯扩散系数(D)、伪扩散系数(D*)和灌注分数(f),使用单指数模型测量ADC值。分别测量各检查点肿瘤IVIMMRI相关参数,分析其动态变化及相关性。结果 治疗结束时比治疗前ADC值、D值、f值均下降,分别为0.96×10^-3 mm²/s∶1.77×10^-3 mm²/s (P=0.000)、0.76×10^-3 mm²/s∶1.34±0.12×10^-3 mm²/s (P=0.000)、0.14%∶0.24%(P=0.012);治疗后第2周3个参数值明显升高(所有P=0.000),一直持续至治疗结束。D*值在治疗结束时呈下降趋势。结论 IVIMMRI可以监测宫颈癌放化疗过程中动态变化,并可早期反应其变化,具有临床应用价值。     

Differentiation of high-grade and low-grade diffuse gliomas by intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging

Background

Our aim was to assess the diagnostic performance of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging for differentiating high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Methods

Forty-five patients with diffuse glioma (age 50.9 ± 20.4 y; 26 males, 19 females) were assessed with IVIM imaging using 13 b-values (0–1000 s/mm²) at 3T. The perfusion fraction (f), true diffusion coefficient (D), and pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) were calculated by fitting the bi-exponential model. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was obtained with 2 b-values (0 and 1000 s/mm²). Relative cerebral blood volume was measured by the dynamic susceptibility contrast method. Two observers independently measured D, ADC, D*, and f, and these measurements were compared between the LGG group (n = 16) and the HGG group (n = 29).

Results

Both D (1.26 ± 0.37 mm²/s in LGG, 0.94 ± 0.19 mm²/s in HGG; P < .001) and ADC (1.28 ± 0.35 mm²/s in LGG, 1.03 ± 0.19 mm²/s in HGG; P < .01) were lower in the HGG group. D was lower than ADC in the LGG (P < .05) and HGG groups (P < .0001). D* was not different between the groups. The f-values were significantly larger in HGG (17.5 ± 6.3%) than in LGG (5.8 ± 3.8%; P < .0001) and correlated with relative cerebral blood volume (r = 0.85; P < .0001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed areas under curve of 0.95 with f, 0.78 with D, 0.73 with ADC, and 0.60 with D*.

Conclusion

IVIM imaging is useful in differentiating HGGs from LGGs.     

Sequential magnetic resonance imaging of cervical cancer

BACKGROUND:

The objectives of this study were to investigate outcome prediction by measuring absolute tumor volume and regression ratios using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during radiation therapy (RT) for cervical cancer and to develop algorithms capable of identifying patients at risk of a poor therapeutic outcome.

METHODS:

Eighty patients with stage IB2 through IVA cervical cancer underwent 4 MRI scans: before RT (MRI1), during RT at 2 to 2.5 weeks (MRI2) at 4 to 5 weeks (MRI3), and 1 to 2 months after RT (MRI4). The median follow‐up was 6.2 years (range, 0.2‐9.4 years). Tumor volumes at MRI1, MRI2, MRI3, and MRI4 (V₁, V₂, V₃, and V₄, respectively) and tumor regression ratios (V₂/V₁, V₃/V₁, and V₄/V₁) were measured by 3‐dimensional volumetry. Predictive metrics based on tumor volume/regression parameters were correlated with ultimate clinical outcomes, including tumor local recurrence (LR) and dying of disease (DOD). Predictive power was evaluated using the Mann‐Whitney test, sensitivity/specificity analyses, and Kaplan‐Meier analyses.

RESULTS:

Both tumor volume and regression ratio were strongly correlated with LR (P = .06, P = 5 × 10^?4, P = 1 × 10^?6, and P = 2 × 10^?8 for V₁, V₂, V₃, and V₄, respectively; and P = 7 × 10^?5, P = 1 × 10^?6, and P = 1 × 10^?8 for V₂/V₁, V₃/V₁, and V₄/V₁, respectively) and DOD (P = .015, P = .004, P = .001, and P = 3 × 10^?4 for V₁, V₂, V₃, and V₄, respectively; and P = .03, P = .009, and P = 3 × 10^?4 for V₂/V₁, V₃/V₁, and V₄/V₁, respectively). Algorithms that combined tumor volumes and regression ratios improved predictive power (sensitivity, 61%‐89%; specificity, 79%‐100%). The strongest predictor, pre‐RT volume and regression ratio at MRI3 (V₁ > 40 cm³ and V₃/V₁ > 20%, respectively), achieved 89% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 88% accuracy for LR and achieved 54% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 73% accuracy for DOD.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results suggested that tumor volume/regression parameters obtained during primary therapy are useful in predicting LR and DOD. Both tumor volume and regression ratio provided important information as early outcome predictors that may guide early intervention for patients with cervical cancer who are at high risk of treatment failure. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

MRI在诊断宫颈癌复发中的价值

目的：探讨MRI在评估诊断宫颈癌复发中的价值。方法：36例经病理证实宫颈癌复发患者,均行盆腔的MRI轴位T1WI、T2WI、SPIR以及GD-DTPA增强扫描后T1WI轴位、矢状位扫描。在不同序列MRI图像上观察复发肿瘤的形态、大小及信号改变。结果：326例病人中出现复发36例,发生率为11%。25例宫颈癌手术后复发病例,MRI可见在阴道残端或盆腔内出现软组织信号肿块影,增强扫描可见肿块明显强化。其中5例可见肿块侵及一侧输尿管,其上方输尿管扩张积水。11例宫颈癌放化疗后复发病例,MRI可见宫颈较前明显增厚,肿块T1WI为略低信号,T2WI为略高信号,增强扫描可见肿块呈不均匀强化。其中2例可见肿块侵及膀胱壁。结论：由于MRI具有非常好的软组织分辨率,MRI成像已成为宫颈癌手术前后或放化疗前后检查和随访最重要的手段,它能够准确判断宫颈癌临床分期,并且可以早期、及时发现肿瘤复发;在评估宫颈癌复发诊断中有重要价值。     

三种不同磁共振扩散加权成像模型在鉴别乳腺良恶性病灶中的价值研究

背景与目的：近年来扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)技术的开展及应用,大大提高了磁共振（magnetic resonance,MR）的特异度,其中体素内不相干运动（intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM）模型和扩散峰度成像（diffusion kurtosis imaging,DKI）模型作为新兴技术,已在临床研究中取得一定的进展。该研究探讨DWI的单指数模型、IVIM模型和DKI模型在乳腺良恶性病灶中的鉴别诊断价值。方法：该研究为前瞻性研究,纳入标准：超声或X线BI-RADS 4类及以上患者。排除标准：① 乳腺MR检查前已进行穿刺检查、新辅助化疗或手术的患者;② 图像运动伪影较重。所有患者术前均行双侧乳腺MR检查,扫描序列包括快速反转恢复（turbo inversion recovery magnitude,TIRM）、多b值DWI（RS-EPI）和T1W动态增强扫描。选取病灶实性成分最大层面且避开明显坏死、囊变液化区绘制感兴趣区（region of interest,ROI）,分别测量单指数模型参数表观弥散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient,D_ADC）值、IVIM模型参数[真实扩散系数（tissue diffusivity coefficient,D_DT）、灌注相关扩散系数（perfusion-related diffusivity coefficient,D^*）、灌注分数（perfusion fraction,f）]和DKI模型参数[峰度系数（kurtosis coefficient,K）、扩散系数（diffusivity coefficient,D_DK）]。采用独立样本t检验分别比较乳腺良恶性病灶组织上述参数的差异。采用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线评价3种模型参数的诊断效能。采用Z检验比较各参数曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）的差异。结果：依据上述标准共纳入80例患者（83个病灶）,其中良性病灶38个,恶性病灶45个。3种不同扩散模型中D_ADC值、D_DT值、K值及D_DK值在鉴别乳腺良恶性病灶中差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,其最佳阈值分别为D_ADC值1.08×10^-3 mm²/s、D_DT值1.06×10^-3 mm²/s、K值0.756及D_DK值1.36×10^-3 mm²/s。而D*值和f值在良恶性病灶之间存在较大重叠,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。ROC曲线显示,K值和DDT值在鉴别乳腺良恶性病灶的AUC值最高,分别为0.956和0.947,K值的灵敏度和特异度为91.1%和89.5%,D_DT值的灵敏度和特异度为93.3%和84.2%;D_ADC值和D_DK值其次,AUC分别为0.933和0.923,DADC值的灵敏度和特异度为88.9%和84.2%,D_DK值的灵敏度和特异度为91.1%和84.2%。最后,D_ADC值、D_DT值、K值及D_DK值在鉴别乳腺良恶性病灶中的ROC曲线的AUC差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论：三种不同扩散加权成像模型在鉴别乳腺良恶性病灶中均有较好的诊断价值,其中IVIM和DKI的诊断效能较单指数模型略高,但 三者间差异无统计学意义。单指数模型扫描时间短,后处理简单,在临床应用价值很高。     

Ultra‐early predictive assay for treatment failure using functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical prognostic parameters in cervical cancer

BACKGROUND:

The authors prospectively evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters quantifying heterogeneous perfusion pattern and residual tumor volume early during treatment in cervical cancer, and compared their predictive power for primary tumor recurrence and cancer death with the standard clinical prognostic factors. A novel approach of augmenting the predictive power of clinical prognostic factors with MRI parameters was assessed.

METHODS:

Sixty‐two cervical cancer patients underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI before and during early radiation/chemotherapy (2‐2.5 weeks into treatment). Heterogeneous tumor perfusion was analyzed by signal intensity (SI) of each tumor voxel. Poorly perfused tumor regions were quantified as lower 10th percentile of SI (SI[10%]). DCE‐MRI and 3‐dimensional (3D) tumor volumetry MRI parameters were assessed as predictors of recurrence and cancer death (median follow‐up, 4.1 years). Their discriminating capacity was compared with clinical prognostic factors (stage, lymph node status, histology) using sensitivity/specificity and Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS:

SI(10%) and 3D volume 2‐2.5 weeks into therapy independently predicted disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.0‐6.5 [P = .04] and HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1‐3.5 [P = .03], respectively) and death (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0‐3.5 [P = .03] and HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2‐2.9 [P = .01], respectively), and were superior to clinical prognostic factors. The addition of MRI parameters to clinical prognostic factors increased sensitivity and specificity of clinical prognostic factors from 71% and 51%, respectively, to 100% and 71%, respectively, for predicting recurrence, and from 79% and 54%, respectively, to 93% and 60%, respectively, for predicting death.

CONCLUSIONS:

MRI parameters reflecting heterogeneous tumor perfusion and subtle tumor volume change early during radiation/chemotherapy are independent and better predictors of tumor recurrence and death than clinical prognostic factors. The combination of clinical prognostic factors and MRI parameters further improves early prediction of treatment failure and may enable a window of opportunity to alter treatment strategy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.