TVT手术在女性压力性尿失禁中的应用

目的 :探讨TVT手术作为治疗女性压力性尿失禁新手术方法的有效性。方法 :回顾性分析自 2 0 0 1年 5月以来 ,我院应用TVT手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床疗效及并发症。结果 :17例尿失禁患者 (其中 13例压力性尿失禁 ,4例混合性尿失禁 )接受TVT手术 ,15例 ( 88 2 % )术后排尿功能恢复良好 ,2例 ( 11 8% )发生排尿困难 ,均经持续导尿、膀胱训练及药物治疗后恢复正常排尿功能。VTV手术的成功率为 10 0 %。结论 :TVT手术具有简单、微创、恢复快等特点 ,是治疗女性压力性尿失禁的安全有效方法     

阴道无张力尿道悬吊术和阔筋膜尿道悬吊术治疗压力性尿失禁的疗效比较

目的对阴道无张力尿道悬吊(TVT)术和阔筋膜尿道悬吊术的方法和疗效进行比较。方法对1999年11月至2003年5月住院的67例压力性尿失禁患者,随机分为两组,采用自体阔筋膜带,经下腹、阴道联合切口行尿道近端和膀胱颈悬吊术19例(阔筋膜组);采用无张力聚丙烯网带,经阴道下腹微创切口行TVT术48例(TVT组)。对两种手术的麻醉方式、手术时间、术中出血、术后疼痛、术后留置尿管时间、住院时间、手术耗材费用、术后并发症和疗效进行比较。结果术后3个月治愈率,阔筋膜组为95%(18/19),TVT组为94%(45/48)。手术时间,阔筋膜组为(125±13)min,TVT组为(27±5)min;术中出血,阔筋膜组为(67±11)ml,TVT组为(27±6)ml;术后平均住院时间,阔筋膜组为72d,TVT组为18d。两组上述各项指标比较,差异均有极显著意义(P<001)。阔筋膜组术中无膀胱损伤,TVT组发生1例。术后随访,阔筋膜组平均为37个月,TVT组为20个月。阔筋膜组疗效逐渐下降1例,TVT组发生膀胱过度活动症2例。结论阔筋膜尿道悬吊术和TVT术均是治疗女性压力性尿失禁的有效方式,其中TVT术创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快。     

经耻骨后与经闭孔无张力尿道悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁并发症分析

目的比较经耻骨后无张力尿道悬吊术（TVT）和经闭孔无张力尿道悬吊术（TVT—O）治疗女性压力性尿失禁的手术并发症。方法回顾性分析我院2002年9月-2007年6月应用TVT和TVT—O治疗女性压力性尿失禁患者167例（TVT术74例,TVT-O术93例）的临床资料。结果术中膀胱穿孔：TVT组发生率为9．46％,TVT—O组为1．08％（P〈0．05）;术中出血〉100ml：TVT组发生率为16．22％,TVT—O组6．45％（P〈0．05）,其他术中、术后并发症发生率两种手术方法比较,差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论与TVT比较,TVT-O手术并发症的发生率低,且手术操作简便、手术时间短,是一种较理想的治疗女性压力性尿失禁的手术方法。     

阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗压力性尿失禁34例临床分析

目的　评估阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊 (TVT)术治疗女性压力性尿失禁术后近 2年的疗效。方法　对 34例经尿动力学检查证实为压力性尿失禁同时伴有不同程度的阴道前壁膨出患者 ,行TVT术及阴道前壁修补术治疗 ,并对术后 2年内的效果进行随访。结果　 33例患者TVT手术均在局部麻醉加静脉麻醉下完成 ;平均手术时间 2 6 .9min ;术中出血量平均 2 9.8ml;30例 (88% )患者在术后 12h内自行排尿 ,残余尿 <10 0ml;另 4例 (12 % )患者术后需短暂保留尿管。平均住院 2 .9d ,30例 (88% )患者住院 2d以内 ;术后以患者主观感觉评价 ,平均随访 8.3个月 ,32例 (94 % )主观完全治愈 ,2例 (6 % )为明显改善 ,无一例无效 ;手术并发症少。结论　TVT术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁微创、有效和安全的手术方法之一     

经阴道无张力尿道悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁40例分析

目的：观察经阴道无张力尿道悬吊术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床疗效。方法：2001年10月至2003年1月采用经阴道无张力尿道悬吊术治疗40例女性压力性尿失禁。结果：40例手术后尿失禁均得到控制，经随访2—26个月无一例出现尿失禁现象。平均手术时间54min，平均出血量80mL。40例患者恢复正常排尿后到残余尿均＜50mL。结论：TVT手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁具有手术创伤小、在局麻下手术、吊带悬吊效果可靠、作用持久、手术悬吊适度、手术并发症发生率低等优点，适宜临床推广应用。     

经阴道无张力尿道中段悬带成形及悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁47例分析

目的探讨经阴道无张力尿道中段悬带成形术(intravaginalslingplasty,IVS)及悬吊术(tensionfreevaginaltape,TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁手术操作过程中预防膀胱损伤的有效方法。方法回顾性分析从2003年7月至2004年3月期间,应用IVS及TVT手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁过程中采用一系列预防膀胱损伤的方法的效果。结果压力性尿失禁病人共47例,其中行IVS术45例,TVT术2例,全部病人在局麻下完成手术,无一例膀胱损伤。结论IVS及TVT手术过程中穿刺通道的探通、膀胱及膀胱颈的有效移位、紧贴耻骨内侧缘弧形穿刺及遇阻力时适当调整穿刺方向等措施可有效防止膀胱损伤的发生。     

超声尿动力学检查在女性压力性尿失禁手术前后的临床意义

目的 探讨女性压力性尿失禁手术前后的超声尿动力学的变化、临床意义。方法 对15例患有中重度的压力性尿失禁的女性患者，分别进行尿失禁的常规检查，超声尿动力学检查。应用不同的手术方法进行压力性尿失禁手术，如进行复合医用材料悬吊术，包括：In-fast Sling7例、TVT手术3例、Sparc 2例；还有耻骨上膀胱颈尿道悬吊术(Butch)3例。术后再次进行相应的检查。结果 经过各种不同的手术，压力性尿失禁的症状均得到缓解，有12例各项指标恢复或改善，3例检查指标无明显变化，但症状缓解。结论 超声尿动力学检查在女性压力性尿失禁的诊断、治疗方法的选择、术后的随访等方面有着重要的意义。     

经阴道无张力尿道悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的观察经阴道无张力尿道悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁临床疗效。方法采用经阴道无张力尿道悬吊术治疗21例女性压力性尿失禁患者。结果21例患者手术后尿失禁均得到控制,平均手术时间56min,平均出血78 ml,21例患者恢复正常排尿后测残余尿均<50 ml,经随访2-18个月无一例出现尿失禁现象。结论 TVT手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁具有可局麻下手术、手术创伤小、悬吊适度、疗效可靠持久、手术并发症发生率低等优点。适宜临床推广应用。     

阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术与单纯盆底修复手术治疗压力性尿失禁临床疗效比较

目的:比较压力性尿失禁合并盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)的患者,行阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT)与单纯盆底修复术的疗效差异。方法:32例压力性尿失禁或同时伴有不同程度盆腔脏器脱垂的患者,20例接受TVT手术,12例未行TVT手术,只进行了盆底修复或(和)其他妇科手术,术前、术后进行评估。结果:手术总时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,两组患者之间没有统计学差异。TVT组术中出现膀胱穿孔1例,术后两组均无严重并发症。TVT组随访4~26个月,90%完全治愈,10%明显改善。单纯修复组随访7~24个月,治愈率66.7%,1例复发,1例加重。结论:TVT治疗女性压力性尿失禁是一种安全、有效的手术,与盆底修复同时进行可显著提高压力性尿失禁的治愈率。     

阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术后尿潴留发生及危险因素研究

目的:确定阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术(TVT)后尿潴留的发生率,探讨影响膀胱排空功能障碍的相关因素及其防治措施。方法:回顾性分析136例行TVT手术患者的病例资料,其中97例同时行子宫切除或阴道壁修补术等其他妇科手术,术后第2天测残余尿,记录患者临床资料。结果:17例术后发生尿潴留,恢复时间平均为5.2天,13例术后1周内恢复正常排尿功能,2周内全部恢复正常。单因素分析显示年龄、产次及最大尿流率(≤20 ml/s)两组间差异有显著性,多因素分析显示只有最大尿流率有统计学意义(OR=0.076,P=0.040)。结论:行TVT术后发生尿潴留的患者大多在1周之内膀胱排空功能恢复正常,术前最大尿流率值对预测术后尿潴留发生有价值。     

女性压力性尿失禁的综合治疗

目的:探讨女性压力性尿失禁(stressurinaryincontinence,SUI)的治疗方法和效果。方法:压力性尿失禁51例采用经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术治疗23例,药物和功能训练治疗28例。结果:手术治疗组23例手术时间平均35min,出血量平均15ml,随访患者3~23月, 21例(91 .3% )治愈, 2例明显改善。4例出现并发症,其中术中膀胱损伤3例,术后尿潴留1例。非手术治疗28例2例治愈, 18例有不同程度地改善, 8例无效,总有效率为71 .4%。结论:经阴道无张力尿道悬吊带术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁十分有效的微创方法,药物治疗和功能训练有一定的改善作用。     

Short- and long-term results of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure in the treatment of female urinary incontinence

BACKGROUND: The aim was to describe the short- and long-term results of treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) in women using the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure at a single unit and to identify factors predictive of successful outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive female patients (n = 707) treated for UI with the TVT procedure at Karlstad Hospital from November 1996 to June 2004 were included. After a standardized preoperative evaluation, the women were classified as having either stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). The results of surgery were evaluated after 1, 2, and 5 years, by means of a postal questionnaire. An objective evaluation was performed after 5 years in a subsample of the first patients included (n = 59). Factors influencing the cure rate were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The subjective cure rate was 83% after 1 year and 73% after 5 years. The objective cure rate was 83% in the subgroup after 5 years. Surgical time was 30+/-9 min (mean+/-SD). The rate of bladder perforations was 1.7%. In patients with MUI the cure rate was lower than in patients with SUI (after 5 years 54.9% versus 81.0%). Type of incontinence was the only independent variable found to influence surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The TVT procedure, performed in over 700 women at a single gynecological unit, was found to be a safe and efficient surgical procedure. Type of incontinence was the only independent variable found to predict for outcome of surgery.     

河北省部分地区女性尿失禁流行病学调查

目的:研究河北省部分地区女性不同类型尿失禁(UI)的患病现状及影响因素,为临床防治工作提供依据。方法:用分层整群抽样法,抽取河北省石家庄、保定、邢台3个地区的城市和农村,年龄在20周岁以上不同职业的女性2500人,通过面对面问卷方式进行调查。数据录入和分析使用SPSS13.0统计软件完成。结果:合格问卷2448份,城市1485份,农村963份。河北省3个地区女性尿失禁患病率35.2%(862/2448)。其中,压力性尿失禁(SUI)、急迫性尿失禁(UUI)、混合性尿失禁(MUI)患病率分别是26.4%(647/2448)、1.9%(47/2448)和6.9%(168/2448),构成比分别是75.1%、5.4%和19.5%。年龄、便秘、盆腔器官脱垂、流产次数、剖宫产是SUI和MUI的共同影响因素;此外,SUI与体重指数、痛经、妇科炎症、胎儿体重、难产密切相关,MUI与居住地(城乡)、盆腔手术史、泌尿系感染、呼吸系统疾病、心脏疾病、饮酒密切相关。UUI的影响因素只有初潮年龄和难产。结论:尿失禁是调查地区女性的高发病,SUI是主要的患病类型。该病发生与多种因素有关,3种类型尿失禁的影响因素既有共同点,又存在差异,MUI并非SUI和UUI影响因素的简单相加。     

Use of "TVT" in surgery for female urinary incontinence

The TVT procedure (tension-free vaginal tape) was described by U. Ulmsten (Sweden) in 1996. This new procedures questions the numerous procedures proposed for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The mesh is placed under the urethra (and not under the bladder neck) and cures SUI without important voiding difficulties. Use of this operation is growing fast in Europe and Australia and is beginning to be used in the USA. TTV is a minimally invasive technique using local or spinal anesthesia applicable as an ambulatory procedure. Peroperative complications are limited to bladder perforation (without detrimental consequences) and bleeding. Postoperative complications are very rare. Local tolerance of the prolene mesh is excellent. Failure rates have been very low, about 6% for SUI and more controversial for unstable bladder. Since January 1997, we have performed about 400 TVT either as single procedures or in association with prolapsus cure. After 1 to 3 years follow-up, cure rate in the first 156 SUI patients was 89.1%, almost the same with or without associated procedures. For the 36 patients with an urethral closure pressure less than 30 cm H(2)O, cure rate was 75%. In cases of mixed incontinence, the cure rate varied from 57.9% (associated procedures to 61.3% (single procedures). The rate of de novo instability was less than 4.6%. Induced and increased voiding difficulties (5.7% and 6% respectively) remained at a relatively low level provided the strict operative protocol was used. The TVT procedure is easy to perform, relatively harmless, reproducible and very efficient even for patients with risk factors, sphincteric weakness, previous operations or an associated prolapsus cure procedure.     

Analysis of two sling procedures using polypropylene mesh for treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the surgical outcome between the innovative tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and conventional pubovaginal sling (PVS) procedures using polypropylene mesh. METHODS: Eighty consecutive women with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (SUI), who chose to undergo either a TVT (n=23) or a PVS (n=57) procedure using polypropylene mesh based on financial consideration, were recruited for this study. The surgical results were analyzed and compared subjectively and objectively. RESULTS: The mean follow-up interval was 23 months for the TVT and 20 months for the PVS procedure (P=0.062). Postoperatively, SUI (91.3% vs. 93.0%), concomitant urge symptoms (85.0% vs. 85.3%) and the negative impact of incontinence and urogenital distress on patients' quality of life (79.8% vs. 77.8%) (77.4% vs. 68.8%) had improved markedly. After a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the treatment outcome of SUI was found to be independent of the main effects of patient age, parity, concurrent gynecological surgeries, intrinsic sphincter deficiency, previous failed incontinence surgeries, and concomitant urge symptoms. However, it was significantly related to treatment procedures (TVT vs. PVS) and their interaction with patient body mass index (BMI). Based on the fitted logistic model, we see that TVT performs better than PVS when BMI is less than 27.27 kg/m2, and the advantage of TVT decreases as BMI increases. CONCLUSION: Both TVT and PVS procedures using polypropylene mesh are effective treatment modalities for female SUI. However, TVT was not as effective in treating overweight or obese women as PVS.     

Analysis of complications of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure for surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence

OBJECTIVE: The most common types of urinary incontinence in women are stress, urge and mixed incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence may be caused by an urethral hypermobility and internal sphincter deficiency (ISD). There are over 100 different surgical procedure for the treatment of female stress incontinence. Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) is a new anti-incontinence surgical technique which was first described by Ulmsten in 1996. The aim of the study was to evaluate the complications of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for the surgical treatment of female stress incontinence. METHODS: The study group was consisted of 162 women, aged 32-84. All patients had a basic evaluation that included a history, frequency/volume chart, questionnaire of micturition (self-made), physical examination, stress test, Bonney test, urinalysis and bacterial culture of urine. Women with mixed urinary incontinence and who underwent surgical treatment of SUI in the past had been done urodynamic investigation. The operation was carried out under epidural, subarachnoid and general anesthesia. The TVT procedure was performed as described by Ulmsten. The follow-up was done after 1 day, 1 and 3 and 6 months since the operation. RESULTS: Among complications related to the procedure were 11 cases of cystotomy, 5 cases of urinary retention requiring four days catheterization, 3 cases of bleeding from the vagina, 14 cases of detrusor instability de novo. In 4 cases occurred postoperative obstinate pain. In 4 cases occurred recurrent urinary tract infection. None complication required invasive treatment. No evidence of defect healing or rejection of the tape was found. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the TVT procedure is safe method of the surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence associated with a low complications.     

Transobturatoric tape procedure for female stress urinary incontinence

To assess the efficacy and safety of the transobturatoric tape (TOT) procedure as a treatment for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). All patients (n = 191) who underwent TOT between May 2003 and December 2004 were studied retrospectively. The study protocol involved recording of preoperative and perioperative details and postoperative subjective evaluation. The subjective outcome was assessed with two questionnaires at a mean of 20 and 34 months after the operation. The mean operation time of the patients without concomitant procedure was 19 min. The complication rate was low and postoperative recovery quick. The follow-up visit was scheduled 2–3 months after the procedure. The objective outcome assessment was done at the hospital for 50% of the patients, and the other half of the patients were followed up by their own gynecologist. During the follow-up visit (n = 151), 79% of the women were cured: 90% of the patients with genuine SUI and 60% of those with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). The data of 40 patients was either not available from patients’ private gynecologists or the patients had not undergone a follow-up visit at all. For the first subjective outcome assessment, participating patients (n = 188) received a questionnaire. Three patients had died from unrelated causes during this follow-up. The response rate was 82.4%. Overall, 83.9% of the respondents reported significant improvement, of which 90.5% of the patients had genuine SUI and 70.0% of the patients had MUI, respectively. During the second outcome assessment, the response rate was 85.1% (160/188). At a mean of 34 months postoperatively, 87.5% of the patients reported significant improvement: 94.5% of the patients with genuine SUI and 72.0% of those with MUI. The incontinence operation through the transobturatoric route is a safe and effective treatment, especially for patients with pure SUI. The rate of continence was sustained during a follow-up of 34 months.     

Free Communications

Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) is a well-established surgical procedure for treating female urinary stress incontinence. The operation, described by Ulmsten et al. in 1995, is based on a midurethral Prolene tape support. TVT is accepted as an easy-to-learn and safe minimally invasive surgical technique. Bladder perforation with sling material was described as a complication of former surgical methods for correcting female urinary stress incontinence as well as of TVT. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether the use of a straight inserter for identifying and displacing the bladder prior to inserting TVT needles reduces the occurrence of bladder penetration. Out of 524 patients undergoing TVT and followed for up to 68 months, 68 (13%) had TVT bladder penetrations, all of which were diagnosed and corrected during surgery. All but the last 50 patients had a straight inserter introduced during the procedure. The effect of this surgical step is estimated and discussed.     

Tension-free vaginal tape for elderly women with stress urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for the management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in elderly women. METHOD: A total of 55 women aged between 65 and 86 years underwent a TVT procedure for urodynamic SUI. Of these, 15 (27%) had undergone previous surgery for treatment of SUI. Before the TVT procedure, a complete medical history was taken and a gynecologic examination performed. RESULTS: Operating time ranged between 11 and 35 min (excluding the time of concomitant surgery, if any); hospitalization time ranged between 1 and 5 days; and no severe intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Cure occurred in 39 (76%) of 51 evaluable patients and its rate was positively associated with bladder neck mobility. Among patients in whom the angle of displacement on the Q-tip test was less than 30 degrees , 42% became continent whereas among those in whom it was 30 degrees or higher, 90% became continent (P<.001). Among those in whom the angle was between 20 degrees and 30 degrees, 57% became continent, and among those in whom it was less than 10 degrees, 80% remained incontinent. CONCLUSION: The TVT procedure in elderly women with SUI offers a satisfactory cure rate; however, in patients with significantly decreased bladder neck mobility (an angle <20 degrees on the Q-tip test), the results are not encouraging.