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1.
IntroductionWe report the first case of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT), where the extrahepatic bile duct was preserved with thrombectomy.Presentation of caseA 70-year-old male. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the tumor extending from the hepatic hilum to the left hepatic duct with complete obstruction of the left hepatic duct and a defect at the left portal vein. We planned to perform extended left lobectomy, lymph node dissection, extra hepatic bile duct resection and reconstruction based on the diagnosis of mass-forming ICC with left portal vein and left hepatic duct infiltration (cT3N0M0 Stage III). Intraoperative cholangiography revealed a crab claw-like filling defect at the left hepatic duct, which suggested tumor thrombus. Accordingly, we performed thrombectomy. The margin of the left hepatic duct was tumor negative, so we performed extended left lobectomy, lymph node dissection and thrombectomy. Pathologically, the tumor was diagnosed as ICC (pT4N0M0 Stage IVA, vp3, b3). Tumors in the left hepatic duct and left portal vein proved to be tumor thrombus. The postoperative course was uneventful. He is doing well without recurrence.DiscussionThrombectomy is performed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombus. Furthermore, extrahepatic bile duct resection and reconstruction are recommended for ICC. In this case, intraoperative cholangiography was effective for precisely diagnosing. Thrombectomy could reduce surgical stress and prevent complications.ConclusionsThrombectomy can be a valid option for ICC with tumor thrombus, as well as for HCC.  相似文献   

2.
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is poor,and tumor thrombus in the portal vein or in the bile duct is an important influencing factor.Approximately 30%of HCC patients are found to have portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT)when diagnosed,and their median survival time is about 2.7-4.0 months if they do not receive any treatment.The incidence of HCC complicated with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT)is less than 10%,while the prognosis is dismal.Once tumor thrombus extends to the major bile ducts,obstructive jaundice and subsequent hepatic dysfunction are inevitable.The survival time of patients with HCC complicated with BDTT is less than 4 months if they only receive palliative biliary stenting.The management of HCC complicated with PVTT or BDTT is challenging with controversy at present.Different treatment approaches and their benefits for patients with HCC complicated with PVTT or BDTT are introduced in this paper.  相似文献   

3.
肝细胞癌可侵犯肝内外胆管形成胆管癌栓,其易与胆总管结石、胆管癌等疾病相混淆。目前,肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断及鉴别诊断主要依靠超声、CT、磁共振等影像学检查。在肝细胞癌伴胆管癌栓治疗方面,外科手术切除已成为主要治疗方式。尽管有文献报道肝细胞癌伴胆管癌栓的病人在接受根治性手术后能达到与不伴癌栓的病人相似的生存结局,但总体上此类病人的预后仍不良。手术治疗与胆管引流、经动脉化疗栓塞、射频消融等非手术疗法的综合应用或能提高此类病人的远期预后,在肝细胞癌伴胆管癌栓的治疗中具有良好应用前景。  相似文献   

4.
肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓是肝癌的一种特殊类型,发生率为0.5%~2.5%,疾病进展快、预后差,目前国内外尚无相关的诊断与治疗共识,造成该疾病的治疗极不规范。中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会基于国内外本领域研究获得的循证医学证据,并结合我国临床实践,制订《肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓多学科诊治中国专家共识(2020版)》。该共识针对肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的临床表现、诊断及分型、外科治疗、辅助治疗以及其他局部、区域性和系统性治疗进行系统阐述,旨在规范、普及和提高对肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断和多学科治疗水平,改善该疾病总体预后。  相似文献   

5.
目的分析肝细胞癌(HCC)合并胆管癌栓的CT表现,以期提高对HCC合并胆管癌栓的影像诊断水平。 方法收集2012年1月至2018年9月中山大学附属第一医院和江门市新会中医院26例HCC合并胆管癌栓患者资料,病例均经手术后病理证实,并行64排螺旋CT平扫及双期(动脉期和门静脉期)增强扫描。回顾性分析其CT表现,包括受累胆管的位置、胆管内癌栓的密度、强化方式、肝内肿块与胆管癌栓的关系、胆管壁的情况。以手术及病理结果为"金标准",分析CT对HCC合并胆管癌栓定位及定性的准确性。 结果26例均明确诊断为肝内肿块及胆管内肿块,HCC和胆管癌栓在CT上均清楚显示。原发HCC的CT增强扫描表现为三种强化方式:"快进快退"18例(69.2%),"快进慢退"4例(15.4%),"三低"4例(15.4%);胆管癌栓CT表现为扩张的胆管内填充有软组织块影,胆管远端扩张,胆管壁无增厚。24例(92.3%)HCC与癌栓相连,2例(7.7%)HCC与胆管癌栓不相连。增强扫描25例(96.2%)癌栓强化方式与肝内肿瘤的强化方式一致,1例(3.8%)强化方式不一致。CT对HCC合并胆管癌栓的检出例数、成像位置与手术及病理结果基本一致,准确性为100.0%(26/26)。 结论HCC合并胆管癌栓的CT表现具有一定的特征性,仔细分析肝内肿块及胆管内癌栓的CT表现,有助于疾病诊断。  相似文献   

6.
A 62-year-old Japanese male was admitted with obstructive jaundice and underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD). An initial diagnosis was made of hilar bile duct carcinoma, based on demonstrated irregular stenosis of the hilar hepatic bile ducts without obvious tumor within the liver and negative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed an irregular low density area around the hepatic hilum and the umbilical portion of the portal vein, suggesting carcinomatous invasion with blood flow disturbances. In contrast, intraoperative ultrasonography (US) raised the suspicion of an ill-defined lesion in Couinaud's segment 2 (segment 2) and intrabile duct tumor formation. A radical extended left and caudate lobectomy of the liver was successfully performed, with additional resection of extrahepatic bile duct and enbloc resection of regional lymph nodes. Unexpectedly, histological analysis of the resected specimen showed the final diagnosis to be hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of segment 2 with intrabile duct tumor growth. This case demonstrates that HCC with intrabile duct tumor growth toward the heptic hilum can mimic hilar bile duct carcinoma, when the tumor itself is equivocal on preoperative imaging and AFP is negative. In such cases, intraoperative US and guided biopsy may be of value for definitive diagnosis and selection of the optimal procedure.  相似文献   

7.
INTRODUCTIONInvasion of the portal and hepatic veins by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common, but macroscopic bile duct invasion is rare. Once a tumor thrombus completely obstructs the main bile duct, it causes obstructive jaundice. This type of HCC, known as icteric-type HCC (IHCC), has a poor prognosis.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 72-year-old woman had been treated for chronic hepatitis C since 1997. In 2002, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy was performed for HCC in segment 8. HCC recurrence occurred in 2004, and she underwent transarterial embolization (TAE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). In 2006, an S8 segmentectomy was performed for re-recurrence of HCC. Three years after surgery, computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor occupying the right anterior intrahepatic bile duct and extending into its right main branch. With a preoperative diagnosis of HCC recurrence in the bile duct, we performed a right hepatectomy and thrombectomy. Histological examination showed moderately to poorly differentiated HCC. No tumor tissue other than the intrahepatic bile duct tumor was detected in the resected liver specimen.DISCUSSIONHCC with biliary tumor thrombus is associated with a poor prognosis. In general, IHCC is difficult to diagnose and treat in the early stages. A characteristic radiological finding for this type of IHCC is the hypervascularity of the tumor thrombus.CONCLUSIONTo the best of our knowledge, this is a rare case of IHCC recurrence as a tumor thrombus without recurrence in the resected liver specimen.  相似文献   

8.
目的 通过对肝细胞肝癌合并胆总管癌栓手术病例临床资料的回顾性分析,探讨不同手术方式的疗效以及对远期预后的影响.方法 2008年1月-2012年12月,北京协和医院肝脏外科收治肝细胞肝癌合并胆总管癌栓行手术病例共9例,5例病例行根治性半肝切除术,3例行肝部分切除术,1例行术中射频,全部病例均行胆总管探查取栓术;术后通过数字减影血管成像技术进行随诊;全部病例术后随访时间均超过12个月.结果 全部手术病例术后黄疸指数均明显下降,根治性手术病例术后无瘤生存时间、生存时间均略优于姑息手术病例,术后再次胆道梗阻发病率也低于姑息手术病例.结论 肝细胞肝癌合并胆总管癌栓病例通过适当的手术方式可以达到切除肿瘤、解除胆道梗阻的目的,根治性半肝切除术的疗效优于肝部分切除术.  相似文献   

9.
Results of surgical treatments for 57 patients who underwent resection for hepatic hilar bile duct cancer between 1984 and 1997 were studied. Bile duct resection was performed in eight patients, and combined resection of bile duct and liver was performed in 49 patients, of whom vascular reconstruction was added in 15 patients and pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in six patients. All the operations of bile duct resection that were not combined with hepatectomy were non-curative. In the patients who underwent combined resection of the bile duct with liver, outcomes of the patients with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma were better than those with other lower-grade tumors. The factors related to the degree of tumor extension, such as serosal invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic vessel invasion, perineural invasion, venous vessel invasion, and vascular involvement, were other factors which significantly influenced the survival. Curative resection yielded significantly better results than non-curative resection. Of all these variables, good tumor differentiation and vascular involvement were recognized as important prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. Most of the postoperative deaths were encountered in patients who underwent additional operations to hepatectomy, such as vascular reconstruction or PD. Improvement of surgical techniques and perioperative care has yielded better outcomes of vascular reconstruction. However, the application of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy should be limited due to poor outcomes of widespread bile duct cancer of which the histological grade is usually low. Whereas prognosis of bile duct cancer involving the hepatic hilus is mainly determined by the biologic characteristics of the tumor, surgeons should consider the fact that most patients die of local recurrence regardless of the biologic character of the tumor when curative resection is not performed. Received for publication on April 10, 1998; accepted on July 27, 1998  相似文献   

10.
胆管癌患者胆汁中肿瘤标志物测定及其临床意义   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
目的探讨胆汁中肿瘤标志物对胆管癌的诊断价值。方法采用放射免疫测定法测定31例胆管癌患者和13例良性胆管疾病患者的胆汁中癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎球蛋白(AFP)、糖链抗原(CA19-9)的含量;确定具有诊断价值的肿瘤标志物及其分界值。结果良恶性组胆汁中AFP、CA19-9水平差异无显著性(P> 0.05);恶性组胆汁CEA水平高于良性组(P< 0.05)。取分界值为7.0ng/ml,根据胆汁CEA水平升高诊断胆管癌的敏感性为80.6%,特异性为100%。结论胆汁中CEA水平增高是诊断胆管癌的一个重要指标。  相似文献   

11.
Hilar bile duct resection for bile duct carcinoma at the hilus of the liver   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Hilar bile duct resection, by which only the bile duct is resected, was carried out in 31 patients with bile duct carcinoma at the hepatic hilus. However, curative resection was possible in only 4 patients (12.9%). The postoperative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 58.1%, 19.4%, and 7.7%, respectively. These results indicate that treatment of this hilar bile duct carcinoma by hilar bile duct resection is of limited value. We believe that this operative procedure should be used only for papillary or nodular carcinoma at the hepatic confluence at relatively early stages of Bismuth's type I or II.  相似文献   

12.
肝细胞癌可侵犯肝内外胆管形成胆管癌栓,其易与胆总管结石、胆管癌等疾病相混淆。目前,肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断及鉴别诊断主要依靠超声、CT、磁共振等影像学检查。在肝细胞癌伴胆管癌栓治疗方面,外科手术切除已成为主要治疗方式。尽管有文献报道肝细胞癌伴胆管癌栓的病人在接受根治性手术后能达到与不伴癌栓的病人相似的生存结局,但总体上此类病人的预后仍不良。手术治疗与胆管引流、经动脉化疗栓塞、射频消融等非手术疗法的综合应用或能提高此类病人的远期预后,在肝细胞癌伴胆管癌栓的治疗中具有良好应用前景。  相似文献   

13.

Background

The long-term outcomes after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with macroscopic bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) are unclear. This multicenter study was conducted to determine the prognosis of HCC patients with macroscopic BDTT who underwent resection with curative intent.

Methods

Of 4,308 patients with HCC from four Korean institutions, this single-arm retrospective study included 73 patients (1.7 %) who underwent resection for HCC with BDTT.

Results

Jaundice was also present in 34 patients (46.6 %). According to Ueda classification, BDTT was type 2 in 34 cases (46.6 %) and type 3 in 39 cases (53.4 %). Biliary decompression was performed in 33 patients (45.2 %), decreasing the median lowest bilirubin level to 1.4 mg/dL before surgery. Systematic hepatectomy was performed in 69 patients (94.5 %), and concurrent bile duct resection was performed in 31 patients (42.5 %). Surgical curability types were R0 (n = 57; 78.1 %), R1 (n = 11; 15.1 %), and R2 (n = 5; 6.8 %). Patient survival rates were 76.5 % at 1 year, 41.4 % at 3 years, 32.0 % at 5 years, and 17.0 % at 10 years. Recurrence rates were 42.9 % at 1 year, 70.6 % at 3 years, 77.3 % at 5 years, and 81.1 % at 10 years. Results of univariate survival analysis showed that maximal tumor size, bile duct resection, and surgical curability were significant risk factors for survival, and surgical curability was a significant risk factor for recurrence. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any independent risk factors.

Conclusions

Hepatocellular carcinoma patients with BDTT achieved relatively favorable long-term results after resection; therefore extensive surgery should be recommended when complete resection is anticipated.  相似文献   

14.
One hundred and eleven liver resections for hilar bile duct cancer   总被引:22,自引:5,他引:17  
A positive correlation between absence of residual tumor at resection margins and long-term survival in the treatment of hilar bile duct carcinoma has encouraged some surgeons to use a more radical approach, including liver/portal vein resection and combined pancreatoduodenectomy. However, if liver resection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, it may not produce any overall benefit. This review was undertaken in an attempt to determine whether liver resection is a safe procedure and whether if has any beneficial effect over that of local bile duct excision alone, in terms of achieving curative resection and long-term survival. The records of 151 patients with hilar bile duct carcinoma surgically treated between June 1989 and December 1997 at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, were retrospectively analyzed. Surgical resection was possible in 128 patients. The remaining 23 patients had surgical palliative drainage. Local bile duct excision alone was performed in 17 patients. Liver resection for tumor extending to secondary bile ducts or hepatic parenchyma was performed in 111 patients; portal vein resection was necessary in 29 of these 111 patients (26.1%) and pancreatoduodenectomy was combined in 18 patients (16.2%). Seven patients died during hospitalization after liver resection, an operative mortality of 6.3%. Margins of bile duct resection were free of tumor on histologic examination in 4 of the 17 local bile duct excisions, but in 86 of the 111 liver resections. The cumulative survival rate after local bile duct excision was 85.7% at 1 year, 42.9% at 2 years, 21.4% at 3 years, and 0% at 4 years. However, the survival rate after liver resection (excluding operative mortality) was 97.1% at 1 year, 72.8% at 2 years, 55.3% at 3 years, and 24.0% at 5 years. Survival and the percentage of patients with tumor-free resection margins after liver resection were superior to those after local bile duct excision. Resection of hilar bile duct carcinoma offers long-term survival only when surgery is aggressive and includes liver resection. Received for publication on July 2, 1998; accepted on July 5, 1998  相似文献   

15.
Abstract. Background/Purpose: Although curative surgical resection provides the best chance of long-term survival for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the presence of bile duct invasion decreases postoperative survival rates in patients with mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We carried out this study to determine a surgical strategy for patients with bile duct invasion of these tumors. Methods: Forty-one patients with mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were classified as either having bile duct invasion (n= 26) or not having bile duct invasion (n= 15). Clinicopathologic findings, including postoperative outcomes, were compared between these two groups. Results: Perineural invasion, lymphatic invasion, and a positive resection margin were more frequent in patients with ductal invasion. Patients with ductal invasion had lower survival rates than those without ductal invasion. Conclusions: Intraoperative frozen section examination of the bile duct stump to confirm a clear resection margin is required in patients with mass-forming tumors. Resection of the extrahepatic bile duct should be considered when tumor cells are identified at the surgical margin of the resected bile duct. Received: October 30, 2001 / accepted: November 16, 2001  相似文献   

16.
Abstract Although the surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma represents the only potentially curative option, survival figures remain low over the long term. After hilar and partial hepatic resections for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, loco-regional tumor recurrence appears as the primary site of failure. From April 1992 to April 1996, 14 patients underwent extended bile duct resections. Extended bile duct resections combine total hepatectomy, partial pancreatoduodenectomy, and liver transplantation in an attempt to eradicate the entire biliary tract without dissecting the hepatoduodenal ligament. The postoperative 60-day mortality rate was 14% ( n = 2). The rate of curative resections was 93% (13 of 14 extended bile duct resections). One- and 4-year survival rates after curative resections were 56% and 30%, respectively. The rate of curative resections increased by combining total hepatectomy, partial pancreatoduodenectomy, and liver transplantation, i.e., extended bile duct resection. However, survival figures have not improved accordingly. Therefore, this extended surgical procedure has to be implemented with caution and possibly not without modifications (e.g., multimodal treatment).  相似文献   

17.
IntroductionNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the extrahepatic bile ducts are extremely rare neoplasms arising from endocrine cells and have variable malignant potential. They most commonly occur in young females and usually present with painless jaundice.Presentation of caseHere we present the case of an asymptomatic 57-year-old woman with NET of the common bile duct that was incidentally discovered on abdominal ultrasound during a medical examination. She was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of hepatic hilar tumor. Computed tomography revealed the tumor surrounding the hepatic hilum and duodenum. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a filling defect of the common bile duct with morphology suggestive of external compression. Endoscopic ultrasound confirmed a submucosal tumor of the duodenal bulb measuring 30 × 20 mm in size. The patient qualified for surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of submucosal tumor of the duodenal bulb. Intraoperative examination revealed that the tumor location involved the common bile duct and/or cystic duct with no signs of invasion to other organs or metastatic lymph nodes. Excision of the biliary ducts and tumor was followed by Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Histological results showed NET grade 1.DiscussionPreoperative diagnosis of NETs is difficult because of their rarity. A definitive diagnosis is usually established intraoperatively or after histopathological evaluation.ConclusionFor these tumors, surgical resection is currently the only treatment modality for achieving a potentially curative effect and prolonged disease-free survival.  相似文献   

18.
Microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) is a widely used and effective minimal invasive therapy for liver tumor. Bile duct injury, however, is a major obstacle to complete tumor necrosis. To facilitate the use of MCT for a liver tumor adjacent to the major bile duct, we developed a method for transcatheter cooling of the major intrahepatic bile duct. The procedure for this technique is: (1) an angular catheter is inserted into the designated bile duct via the cystic duct after cholecystectomy, and a small longitudinal cut is made in the common bile duct for drainage of the cooling liquid; (2) cool saline is continuously infused into the bile duct via the inserted catheter during MCT; (3) after the MCT, the small opening in the common bile duct is simply closed with two or three sutures, and a C-tube is inserted to prevent stenosis of the common hepatic duct. MCT with this newly developed surgical technique enabled complete tumor necrosis and bile duct preservation, and the technique is strongly recommended for treatment of liver tumor adjacent to the major bile duct.  相似文献   

19.
目的 探讨影响胆管癌切除术后的预后因素。方法 对1980-1995年86例胆管癌切除术后患各进行研究。选择15个可能对胆管癌切除术后预门产生影响的非重要性特证性临床因素,通过Cox比例风险模型对胆管癌切除术后患者预后进行多因素分析。结果 全组1年生存率为72.6%,3年生存率为32.4%,5年生存率为18.7%。单因素分析得出肿瘤的组织学类型、淋巴结转移、胰腺浸润、十二指肠浸润、神经浸润、周围血管浸润、切缘癌残留和浸润浙度对预后有影响(P<0.05)。Cox模型多因素分析结果表明胰腺浸润、神经浸润和淋巴结转移是影响预后的主要因素。结论 胰腺浸润、神经浸润和淋巴结转移状况足胆管癌切除术后影响预后的最重要因素。  相似文献   

20.
To determine the benefits of surgical treatment for patients with carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct, data on 100 patients with this disease who had been surgically treated in our clinic during the past 18 years were evaluated. These patients were grouped into three, i.e., upper, middle and lower bile duct groups. Patients with periampullary tumor were excluded from this study. Surgical procedures consisted of resection of the tumor, including hepatic resection and dissection of the regional lymph nodes, and a bypass operation of the extra- or intrahepatic bile duct. Resectability rates of the tumor were 21.6% in upper, 82.4% in middle, and 50% in lower bile duct groups. Average survival times of patients who had a resection of the tumor were 30.3 months in the upper bile duct group, 35.9 months in middle (the longest, 13 years and 3 months) and 22.5 months in lower bile duct group. Survival rates of overall patients with resection of tumors were 64.5% at one year, 29.0% at 3 years, and 12.9% at 5 years after surgery, respectively. The middle bile duct group showed the most favorable operative results of all the groups, an extended resection of the tumor should be carried out to obtain for a longer survival.  相似文献   

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