腮腺肿瘤190例临床病理分析

目的 回顾性分析腮腺肿瘤患者的临床病理特征和手术并发症。材料和方法 回顾2005年9月至2011年8月中山大学附属第三医院耳鼻咽喉科因腮腺肿瘤接受手术治疗的190例患者,统计并分析患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、吸烟史、手术并发症等资料。结果 190例腮腺肿瘤中,良性159例(83.7%),恶性26例(13.7%),5例(2.6%)为慢性炎症性疾病。腮腺肿瘤的男女发病比为1.6:1,其中良性肿瘤为1.6:1,恶性肿瘤为2.3:1。混合瘤是最常见的腮腺良性肿瘤,占所有良性肿瘤的56.6%(90/159)。Warthin瘤是第二常见的良性肿瘤,主要发生于男性、年龄较大及吸烟的人群。粘液表皮样癌为最常见的恶性肿瘤。腮腺切除术后最常见的并发症为暂时性面瘫(17.3%)和永久性面瘫(5.4%)。结论 本研究中腮腺肿瘤的流行病学特征和手术并发症发生率与其他研究相似。还需进一步研究以区分不同组织学特征的腮腺肿瘤的预后因素。     

Surgical outcomes of total colonic aganglionosis in children: A 26-year experience in a single institute

BackgroundThere is a lack of consensus regarding the treatment of total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) with respect to perioperative morbidity, mortality, complications, and functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to review the results of surgical TCA treatment over a 26-year period and characterize the outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, surgical courses, and outcomes of TCA patients who underwent definitive pull-through operations from 1986 to 2012. Follow-up data were collected by chart reviews and telephone interviews using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsWe identified nine infants with TCA (8.6%) from among 105 infants with Hirschsprung's disease treated during the 26-year period. Neither sex predominated (male/female ratio = 4:5). All infants underwent laparotomies and simultaneous enterostomies. All patients eventually underwent modified Duhamel pull-through procedures at a mean age of 179 days (range, 47–352 days). Two infants died of complications after surgery including heart failure and sepsis. The remaining infants recovered smoothly with antilaxative medications, and all but one was weaned off these medications. Although the surviving patients did not catch up on growth, they and their families were satisfied with the surgical results.ConclusionInfants with TCA had satisfactory outcomes after the modified Duhamel pull-through operation. Based on our experience, we suggest that the pull-through operation could be performed earlier, even when there are loose stools from the enterostomy.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤:单中心连续10例诊疗经验

目的总结肝内胆管囊腺瘤(IBCA)的诊疗经验,提高临床诊治水平。方法回顾性总结分析我中心治疗的连续10例经病理学确诊的IBCA,分析其流行病学、影像学、实验室检查、病理学和预后特点。结果 10例患者均为女性,平均年龄48.9(16~73)岁。无症状、轻微症状和明显症状的患者分别为4、4、2例。影像学检查均为多房性囊性肿块,平均直径为(13.3±4.9)cm。内部分隔、乳头或结节样增生、钙化的显示率分别为90%,60%,20%。病理检查大体均为多房性肿块,镜下检查囊内壁均被覆立方或柱状上皮,基质类型为卵巢样(50%)或纤维样(50%)。10例患者中完整切除8例,部分切除2例。平均随访55.3(12~164)月,所有患者均生存。完整切除者均无复发;部分切除者均已复发,且其中1例已恶变。结论IBCA是一种少见的肝内囊性交界性肿瘤,好发于中年女性,影像学检查是术前诊断主要依据。应完整切除肿瘤,以期获得良好生存。     

循环肿瘤细胞药物敏感性指导的化学治疗在晚期胆系肿瘤中的临床疗效

目的 观察循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)药物敏感性指导的化学治疗在晚期胆系肿瘤中的临床疗效和安全性.方法 收集2018年7月至2020年4月海军军医大学(第二军医大学)东方肝胆外科医院肿瘤生物治疗科收治的26例晚期胆系肿瘤患者,抽取患者外周血分离和富集CTC,用胆系肿瘤中常用的固定化学治疗方案进行药物敏感性检测,选取最佳方案对患者进行化学治疗(CTC组).选择同期19例行GEMOX方案(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)化学治疗的晚期胆系肿瘤患者作为对照(GEMOX组).观察两组患者化学治疗后的客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、无进展生存期(PFS)、总生存期(OS)及安全性.结果 所有患者均可评价疗效与安全性,CTC组完全缓解1例,部分缓解4例,疾病稳定12例,疾病进展9例;GEMOX组部分缓解1例,疾病稳定10例,疾病进展8例.CTC组和GEMOX组患者的ORR分别为19.2％(5/26)和5.3％(1/19),DCR分别为65.4％(17/26)和57.9％(11/19).CTC组患者的中位PFS为5.8个月(95％CI 4.5～7.2个月),GEMOX组为5.1个月(95％CI 4.6～6.4个月),差异无统计学意义(P=0.313).CTC组患者的中位OS为13.6个月(95％CI 10.8～16.3个月),GEMOX组为7.9个月(95％CI 5.5～10.3个月),差异有统计学意义(P=0.003).所有患者中,主要不良反应有贫血、中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少、乏力及厌食,均可耐受,且无治疗相关性死亡.结论 CTC药物敏感性指导的化学治疗提高了晚期胆系肿瘤反应率,延长了患者总生存期,且不良反应可耐受.CTC药物敏感性检测可操作性强,对临床准确选择个体化化学治疗方案有一定的指导价值,值得进一步推广.     

胆管丛状神经纤维瘤一例报告

1临床资料患者,男性,55岁.因"胆管损伤再次手术后反复发热、黄疸4年,复发1周"于2003年12月入院.患者于4年前因胆囊息肉在外院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术后因黄疸再次手术探查诊断为"胆总管误扎损伤",行胆总管端端吻合术,吻合口放置支撑管半年后拔除.之后反复出现畏寒、发热、黄疸,不伴有腹痛、皮肤瘙痒、白陶土样便.     

Prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer: a single institution experience

Background

Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is used to prevent the development of brain metastases in small cell lung carcinoma. PCI confers an overall survival (OS) benefit in both limited and extensive stage disease.

Aims

We analyze the incidence of symptomatic brain metastases, progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in a cohort of patients who received PCI, in a 5-year period.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients who had received PCI between 2006 and 2011 at the Whitfield Clinic was completed. Patient- and disease-related characteristics, the number of patients who developed brain metastases, PFS and OS data were collected.

Results

24 patients were identified. 14 (58.3 %) patients were male, 10 (41.7 %) were female, with a mean age of 62.5 years (range 31–78). All patients were smokers. 12 (50 %) patients had limited stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 12 (50 %) had extensive stage disease. 2 (8.2 %) patients developed brain metastases post PCI (p = 0.478.) The median PFS for limited stage SCLC was 13 months (range 3–20) and 10 months (range 5–18) for extensive stage SCLC. Median OS was 15 months (range 4–29) in limited stage SCLC, and 11 months (range 5–29) in extensive stage SCLC.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated a low incidence of symptomatic brain metastases and favourable median PFS and OS in the patients that received PCI, when compared to published phase III data.     

c-myc基因与胆管癌关系的研究

目的:探讨c-myc基因与胆管癌的关系.方法:原位杂交方法检测c-myc mRNA在30例胆管癌中的表达,同期胰头癌切除之胆管10例做正常对照.结果:c-myc mRNA在胆管癌中的表达率为53.3%,对照组中无表达,差异极显著(P＜0.01).c-myc mRNA阳性率与胆管癌细胞分化程度、原发癌的浸润程度、淋巴结转移有关.结论:c-myc基因与胆管癌的发生、发展密切相关,有望成为与胆管癌有关的一项生物学指标.     

医源性胆道损伤13例治疗体会

目的探讨如何预防和治疗医源性胆道损伤（iatrogenic bile duct injury，IBDI）。方法回顾分析1995年11月-2005年11月共治疗医源性胆管损伤13例的临床资料，以探讨IBDI的原因及防治。结果13例IBDI病例中：2例因解剖变异，7例因Calot三角区严重粘连致解剖不清，2例因操作不熟练，1例因使用电刀不当所致；3例行（肝）胆管修补或吻合术，并放置胆道引流和腹腔引流管；7例行腹腔引流或胆管引流，3例胆总管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合。12例IBDI治愈出院。1例并发肝功能衰竭死亡。结论IBDI预防措施应落实在IBDI发生之前；IBDI一旦发生，应给予及时正确的处理。     

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi. One year's experience at a single center

Four hundred sixty-seven patients with symptomatic upper urinary tract calculi underwent extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center during the first year. Ninety-five percent of stones were completely treated with one ESWL session. An analysis of 300 treatments revealed that the overall stone-free rate (success) three months after treatment was 75%. The stone-free rate for patients with renal pelvic calculi less than or equal to 20 mm in diameter was 91%. Individual patient stone-free rates depended on stone size (burden), position, composition, and quality of disintegration. Two percent of treatments failed to disintegrate the targeted stone. Complications were minimal. Seven percent of treatments were followed by a secondary endoscopic procedure to facilitate complete stone passage, and 23% of treatments were preceded by cystoscopy with ureteral stent placement of manipulation of stones. Combined therapy utilizing percutaneous surgery or multiple sequential ESWL treatments is necessary for complex stones, and ureteroscopy or basket extraction remains the treatment of choice for distal ureteral calculi.     

胆道系统疾病的肝脏移植治疗

胆道系统疾病始终是选择肝脏移植治疗的诸多病种中的一个重要适应证,其在病例选择及适应证方面主要包括:先天性胆道闭锁、易恶变的胆道疾病、胆道恶性肿瘤、原发性胆汁性肝硬化和继发性胆汁性肝硬化等病变,且这些疾病各有其适应证.胆道系统疾病行肝脏移植手术的时机包括:当肝脏移植为疾病治疗的唯一手段或唯一有效手段时;肝脏移植为疾病外科治疗的方法之一时.虽然国内外目前尚无一个统一标准用于胆道疾病行肝脏移植术前的评估,但首先应是明确诊断;其次要确定胆道疾病患者目前是否急需行肝脏移植以及急需的程度;再者要患者家属了解肝脏移植的整个过程,知道其存在的危险、移植的价值以及术后终身服用免疫抑制剂等.本文通过笔者的经验和实例分析胆道系统疾病肝脏移植手术的相关问题.     

血清肿瘤标志物诊断胆道良恶性病变的价值

目的:探讨血清肿瘤标志物检测在鉴别胆道良恶性病变中的诊断价值。方法:选取我院2015年3月至2018年9月首次诊断为胆道癌病例171例作为实验组,胆囊良性疾病病例65例作为对照组。采用免疫化学发光法检测所有病例血清肿瘤标志物CA211、CA199、CEA、CA125、CA153、CA724、AFP和SCC表达水平,计算单个、联合标志物诊断胆道癌的灵敏度和特异度,计算受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积。结果:胆道癌组血清中CA211、CA199、CEA、CA125、CA153、CA724的水平高于胆囊良性疾病组(P<0. 05)。CA211+CA199联合检测诊断胆道癌的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0. 899,大于CA199+CEA的0. 829(P<0. 01)。结论:CA211、CA199、CEA、CA125、CA153、CA724检测有助于鉴别胆道良恶性病变,CA211+CA199联合检测可提高诊断胆道癌的灵敏度,有助于早期诊断。     

消炎排石汤治疗胆道结石合并胆道炎126例临床观察

目的观察消炎排石汤治疗胆道结石合并胆道炎的临床疗效。方法治疗组126例口服消炎排石汤,对照组88例口服胆舒胶囊,两组治疗3个疗程后判定疗效。结果治疗组治愈78例,有效37例,无效11例,总有效率91．27％;对照组治愈23例,有效37例,无效28例,总有效率68．18％。治疗组疗效明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论消炎排石汤治疗胆道结石合并胆道炎疗效显著。     

单中心直肠癌根治性前切除术后局部复发危险因素分析

回顾性分析直肠癌根治性前切除术后局部复发患者23例与按性别、年龄挑选出的未复发患者69 例,分析直肠癌根治性前切除术后局部复发危险因素. 单因素分析结果显示,肿瘤直径、术后病理阳性淋巴结个数、肿瘤位置高低及T分期是直肠癌根治性前切除术后局部复发的危险因素.Logistic回归分析显示:T分期( T4期)是影响直肠癌根治性前切除术后局部复发的独立因素,肿瘤位置高低(肿瘤距肛缘小于5 cm)则近似构成局部复发的独立危险因素.     

肝癌热消融术后胆道出血6例诊治分析

目的 探讨肝癌热消融术后胆道出血的原因、诊断及处理方法。方法 回顾性分析我院2013年5月至2018年5月肝癌热消融术后发生胆道出血的6例患者的病例资料。通过内镜或数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查出血点,明确胆道出血诊断后行选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗,术后检测血红蛋白、肝功能等指标判定治疗效果。结果 术前影像学诊断3例患者有肝内胆管轻度扩张。内镜检查示6例患者均见十二指肠乳头部有持续出血伴有血凝块形成。DSA检查示4例患者有明确出血点,2例未发现明确出血点。给予选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗,术后患者即自诉胆绞痛消失,术后24 h内仍有血便但血红蛋白稳定,24 h之后血便逐渐消失。经选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗后,6例患者止血效果良好,有效率为100%,均顺利出院。出院后随访半年均未再次发生胆道出血。结论 肝内胆管局部扩张是肝癌消融术后胆道出血的主要危险因素之一。胆道出血三联征是典型症状,内镜检出率高,DSA检查明确诊断尚需结合临床症状。选择性肝动脉栓塞是有效的治疗方法,对DSA检查未见出血点的患者行选择性肝动脉栓塞术诊断性治疗也可取得满意疗效。     

老年性急性胆道感染85例诊治体会

目的分析老年急性胆道感染的临床特征，总结诊断治疗老年急性胆道感染的方法及效果。方法对1992年1月～2002年12月收治85例老年急性胆道感染病人进行回顾性总结。结果73例（86％）进行手术治疗，70例治愈（占96％），12例非手术治疗（14％），5例治愈（占42％）。结论对老年急性胆道感染进行手术治疗，非手术治疗适应证、术前准备、手术时机的把握非常重要。处理好并存病、选择合适的麻醉和恰当的术式是手术治疗成功的关键。