SYNE1基因点突变相关的运动神经元病一例

<正>1 病例报告患者女,46岁。因“进行性肢体无力1年余,言语不清6个月,加重2个月”于2020-3-17入院。1年前无明显诱因出现右上肢乏力,伴右肩胛及上臂间断不自主肌肉跳动,夜间明显,无言语含混、饮水呛咳、吞咽困难等,患者未予重视及治疗。随病程进展,患者常感双侧肩部疼痛,右上肢无力呈进行性加重,逐渐进展至右下肢无力,行走存在拖曳感,累及部位出现间断不自主肌肉跳动。曾于9个月前就诊外院,考虑为“颈椎间盘突出”,     

运动神经元存活基因对进行性脊肌萎缩症的诊断价值

目的 评价运动神经元存活基因（Ｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌ Ｍｏｔｏｒ Ｎｅｕｒｏｎ Ｇｅｎｅ ＳＭＮ）人检测对进行性脊肌空症（Ｓｐｉｎａｌ Ｍｕｓｃｕｌａｒ Ａｔｒｏｐｈｙ,ＳＭＡ）的诊断价值。方法 采用错配聚合酶链反应,限制性片断长度多态性分析方法对９例确诊为１、２、３型ＳＭＡ患者及３１例家系,６０例正常对照组进行ＳＭＮ基因外显子７．８的缺失检测。结果 患者组８例示ＳＭＡ基因外显子７．８等位缺失,１例仅外     

运动神经元病血清特异抗原成分的检测

目的检测运动神经元病（ＭＮＤ）病人血清中是否存在运动神经元特异抗原成分，并探索ＭＮＤ潜在的诊断标志物。方法制备５株抗运动神经元单克隆抗体，并证明其对大鼠脊髓前角运动神经元具有高度特异的免疫组织化学反应。应用抗运动神经元单克隆抗体２４Ｂ０－ＭｃＡｂ，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对２５例运动神经元病病人血清中的特异抗原成分进行检测。根据临床表现将２５例病人分为肌萎缩侧索硬化（ＡＬＳ）、脊肌萎缩症（ＳＭＡ）及进行性球麻痹（ＰＢＰ）３组，再按年龄段分３个亚组（＜２０岁组、２０～３９岁组、＞４０岁组）。结果发现８５％（２２／２５）临床确诊的ＭＮＤ病人存在较高浓度的特异抗原成分，ＭＮＤ病人与正常对照组对２４Ｂ０－ＭｃＡｂ的反应性差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＡＬＳ、ＳＭＡ及ＰＢＰ亚型之间差异也有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），而年龄组之间差异虽有显著性意义，其临床意义尚需进一步研究。性别组之间的差异无显著性意义。结论ＭＮＤ病人血清中存在运动神经元特异抗原成分。用抗运动神经元单克隆抗体以ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测运动神经元特异抗原可以作为诊断ＭＮＤ的辅助检查。     

肯尼迪病的临床分析和分子遗传学诊断

目的 分析3例肯尼迪病的临床表现、电生理及遗传学特征。方法 收集2018年11月-2019年7月本院收治的3例肯尼迪病患者的临床资料包括病史、体格检查、实验室检查、电生理等,检测患者及家族成员雄性激素受体(Androgen Receptor)基因的CAG重复数。结果 3例患者均中年男性,表现为四肢近端和延髓肌无力、肌束震颤萎缩、乳腺发育,缓慢发病,进行性加重。EMG均显示广泛神经源性损害, 感觉神经传导存在异常。基因检测CAG重复数分别为43、51和51。结论 肯尼迪病的临床特点为成年男性,肢体缓慢进行性无力,伴多肌肉萎缩、震颤,同时合并雄激素不敏感综合征, EMG呈运动神经源性损害的表现,CAG重复数显著增多。     

马德拉斯运动神经元病的临床特点分析

目的探讨马德拉斯运动神经元病(Madras motor neuron disease,MMND)患者的诊断要点、鉴别诊断及治疗方法,提高对MMND认识。方法回顾性分析3例MMND患者的临床资料,与国外MMND患者在临床特点上进行比较,并复习相关文献。结果本组3例患者均中青年起病,主要的临床表现为多组脑神经支配肌受损和肢体的无力、萎缩。其中双侧面肌无力和萎缩、构音障碍最为常见,2例出现舌肌萎缩及震颤,1例有吞咽困难。肢体无力和萎缩上肢较下肢常见。所有患者均有上运动神经元损害的体征。血清肌酸激酶增高1例。肌电图均表现为广泛神经源性损害。临床上MMND应与肌萎缩侧索硬化、肯尼迪病、Brown-Vialetto-van Laere综合征等相鉴别。静脉注射丙种球蛋白可能对MMND有一定疗效。与国外患者相比,本组患者以对称的面肌无力起病较常见而无听力损害。结论 MMND通常表现为累及四肢、面部及球部肌肉的无力萎缩、锥体束征和听力损害。我国MMND患者与国外患者在某些临床表现上略有差别。     

运动神经元病的单纤维肌电图的研究

目的研究单纤维肌电图（ＳＦＥＭＧ）对运动神经元病的辅助诊断价值及探讨单纤维肌电图异常率与其病型、病情的关系。方法应用单纤维肌电图技术对４８例运动神经元病（ＭＮＤ）患者，２４例颈椎性脊髓病（ＣＳＭ）患者及４２名健康正常受试者进行研究。结果ＭＮＤ患者的ＳＦＥＭＧ阳性率为７３％，ＣＳＭ患者的ＳＦＥＭＧ阳性率为４％。结论ＳＦＥＭＧ有助于鉴别ＭＮＤ与ＣＳＭ。ＳＦＥＭＧ异常率与病型无关，与病情有关，提示ＭＮＤ存在明显的神经肌肉接头传递功能障碍。     

运动神经元病的重复电刺激的研究

应用重复电刺激技术检查了４３例运动神经元病患者和２０例脊髓型颈椎病患者。结果发现部分运动神经元病患者有类重症肌无力的肌电图表现，即低频刺激时波幅递减，高频刺激时波幅递增。低频刺激时，波幅的衰减与病程、病型、病情无关，但在有束颤的患者中波幅衰减更明显。提示运动神经元病可能有突触前的损害。     

帕金森综合征合并运动神经元病的诊断分析

神经系统变性疾病是一组原因不明的,以进行性神经元变性为主要病理特点,临床隐袭起病,缓慢进展,表现为运动、感觉、认知、自主神经功能等障碍的神经系统疾病,主要包括Alzhe-imer病、帕金森病、运动神经元病、多系统萎缩、进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节变性等。这些疾病最初是基     

运动神经元病的诊治进展

运动神经元病(motor neuron disease,MND)是以损害脊髓前角、脑干脑神经运动核和锥体束为主的一组慢性进行性变性疾病。临床以上运动神经元或/和下运动神经元损害引起的瘫痪为主要表现。近年有关自身免疫障碍的证据逐年增多,但免疫治疗效果尚不肯定。此文综述了运动神经元病的诊治进展。     

运动神经元病中神经电生理研究现状和进展

运动神经元病(motor neuron disorder,MND)是一组以上下运动神经元同时或分别受累为主要表现的神经系统变性病,目前尚无特效治疗方法,其中以肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateralsclerosis,ALS)最为常见,目前有关MND的电生理研究主要针对ALS。另外三型包括进行性肌萎缩(progressive muscular atrophy,PMA)、原发性     

Hereditary pure lower motor neuron disease with adult onset and rapid progression

We describe three members each of two families presenting with a hereditary form of lower motor neuron disease with adult onset and rapid progression and compare their pathological and clinical features with hereditary lower motor neuron disease with adult onset, as described in the literature. No involvement of upper motor neurons was found either clinically or pathologically. Disease progression was rapid, and the majority of patients died from respiratory failure within 1–5 years after onset of disease. On pathological examination of the spinal cord we found ballooned neurons, neuronophagia and gliosis in family A, which have been regarded as characteristic pathological features of infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In family B specific neuronal changes were observed that also occur in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance would seem likely in both families. In family A the pathological findings and the clinical presentation with symmetrical proximal limb weakness show similarities with autosomal dominant SMA. Based on the finding of pathological features in family B that also occur in ALS, together with the distal asymmetrical muscle weakness and bulbar signs and a high age at onset we hypothesize that the members of family B suffered from familial ALS. The disease forms in both families in our opinion further broaden the spectrum of motor neuron disease Received: 2 June 2000, Received in revised form: 1 September 2000, Accepted: 23 October 2000     

Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase signal sequence polymorphism associated with sporadic motor neuron disease

An alanin-9valin (Ala-9Val) polymorphism in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) has recently been described. We studied this polymorphism in 72 Swedish patients with sporadic motor neuron diseases (MND) and controls using an oligonucleotide ligation assay. There were significant differences in genotype between MND patients and controls (P = 0.025), and between male and female MND patients (P = 0.009). Individuals homozygous for the Ala allele had a higher risk for MND [odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-6.6], which was increased when including only females in the analysis (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-14.0). In classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the odds ratio was 3.8 (95% CI, 1.3-10.0), and 5. 5 (95% CI, 1.5-19.9) when including only females. The results suggest that mutations influencing the cellular allocation of Mn-SOD may be a risk factor in MND, especially in females, and that MND may be a disease of misdistribution of the superoxide dismutase enzymes.     

The spectrum of lower motor neuron syndromes

Abstract. This review discusses the most important lower motor neuron syndromes. This relatively rare group of syndromes has not been well described clinically. Two subgroups can be distinguished: patients in whom motor neurons (lower motor neuron disease (LMND)) are primarily affected or motor axons and their surrounding myelin (multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN)), both leading to muscle atrophy and weakness.Both hereditary and sporadic forms of LMND have been described. The discussion of recent advances in the genetic knowledge of several hereditary forms of LMND may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic strategies. By contrast, the pathogenesis of sporadic LMND is largely unknown. It is, therefore, difficult to consider the various sporadic forms of LMND, discussed in this review, as separate diseases. Because the diagnostic and therapeutic options may differ, it would seem rational to consider sporadic LMND as a spectrum of syndromes which can be distinguished from each other on the basis of clinical presentation.MMN is a lower motor neuron syndrome with presumed immunemediated pathogenesis. Evidence of motor conduction block on nerve conduction studies and a positive response to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are considered the most relevant criteria for the diagnosis of MMN. As it is treatable, it is important to distinguish MMN from LMND. Careful electrophysiological analysis in the search for conduction block is, therefore, required in all adult patients with pure lower motor neuron syndromes. For the individual patient, dist inction between the various lower motor neuron syndromes is important as it enables the physician to provide adequate information over the disease course in LMND and to facilitate early treatment in MMN.Supported by a grant from the Prinses Beatrix Fonds.     

Dementia with motor neuron disease

Dementia with motor neuron disease has been described as a new clinicopathologic entity and more than 100 cases have been reported in Japan since 1964. The clinicopathologic criteria in the diagnosis of dementia with motor neuron disease are: (i) frontotemporal lobe‐type dementia with insidious onset, mostly in the presenile period; (ii) neurogenic muscular wasting during the course of the illness (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐ or SPMA‐like symptoms); (iii) duration from the onset of illness to death of 2–5 years (average, 30.6 months); (iv) both extrapyramidal symptoms and definite sensory deficits are present less commonly; (v) no characteristic abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid or electroencephalogram on screening; (vi) no known parental consanguinity or familial occurrence; and (vii) non‐specific, mild to slight degenerative changes in the frontotemporal cortex, hypoglossal nuclei and spinal cord, and frequently in the substantia nigra. Dementia with motor neuron disease is characterized by ubiquitin‐immunoreactive intraneuronal inclusions in cortical layer II and hypocampal dentate granule cells.     

Cognitive impairment in motor neuron disease

A systematic investigation of the cognitive functions of 22 patients affected with motor neuron disease (MND) compared to 36 controls matched for age and education was performed. The MND group showed cognitive performances slightly but significantly lower than the control group; 6 MND patients, however, had decidedly pathological values. Cognitive impairment was stereotyped and global, with sparing of memory. There was no significant difference between patients with isolated involvement of the lower motor neuron and those with associated pyramidal involvement. Our neuropsychological findings are in agreement with previous clinical, neuroradiological and pathological reports indicating extra-motor cerebral involvement in MND.     

Central motor conduction in cerebrovascular disease and motor neuron disease

Conduction in the central motor pathways was studied in 9 patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD), 13 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 3 with spinal progressive muscular atrophy (SPMA). Motor responses evoked in the limb by cortical, cervical and lumbar stimulations were recorded. The central conduction time (CCT) was calculated for each muscle. In patients with CVD, responses to cortical stimulation were unobtainable or delayed in the paretic limb muscles. In patients with ALS the abnormality of central motor conduction had significant correlation with the extensor plantar response. The CCTs were normal in patients with SPMA. This technique demonstrated a subclinical lesion in some patients. We conclude that the new technique of examining motor conduction along the corticospinal tract may be useful to detect a subclinical lesion in the corticospinal tract.     

Progressive motor neuron impairment in an animal model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Mutations of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase cause an autosomal dominant form of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An animal model of the disease has been produced by expressing mutant human SOD1 in transgenic mice (G93A). In order to quantify the dysfunction of the motor unit in transgenic mice, electromyographic recordings were performed during the course of the disease. The first alterations in neuromuscular function appeared between P63 and P90. The deficits became even more striking after P100; compound muscle action potentials in the hindlimb decreased by 80% of initial value. Spontaneous fibrillation potentials were measured in more than 50% of transgenic mice. The number of motor units in the gastrocnemius muscle was progressively reduced over time, down to 18% of the control value at P130. Moreover, distal motor latencies increased after P120. These data suggest that the initial dysfunctions of motor unit are related to a severe motor axonal degeneration, which is followed at later periods by myelin alteration. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions in sporadic motor neuron disease are ubiquitinated

Summary Round eosinophilic hyaline inclusion bodies with halos in the somata of anterior horn cells from a case of sporadic lower motor neuron disease (MND) were intensely immunostained with the monoclonal anti-ubiquitin antibody (DF2). A few similar, DF2-positive inclusions were also observed in the nerve cell processes of anterior horn cells or in the neuropil. Most inclusions showed intense homogeneous staining of the entire inclusion, whereas a few had intense staining of their periphery with no or pale staining of the central areas. Other DF2-positive structures in the somata of anterior horn cells included cytoplasmic granular structures, eosinophilic thread-like or reticular structures, and small eosinophilic profiles different from Bunina bodies. The DF2-staining intensity of Bunina bodies and spheroids did not exceed the background level. These results suggest that ubiquitination is associated with a pathological process of anterior horn cell degeneration in this MND case.     

Cyanide metabolism in motor neuron disease

Cyanide concentrations in whole blood, saliva and urine were measured in 83 patients with motor neuron disease (MND) and age-, sex-matched control subjects consisting of 62 patients with and 49 without neurological disorders. Cyanide levels in whole blood and urine of MND patients were significantly higher than the non-neurological control groups in smokers and non-smokers. Cyanide levels in whole blood of MND patients were also higher than the neurologic control group in smokers, but not in non-smokers. There was no significant difference between the cyanide level and either the clinical types or degree of disability of MND. The results suggest that MND patients possess a disorder in cyanide metabolism.     

An immune-mediated guinea pig model for lower motor neuron disease

Guinea pigs were immunized with motor neurons from swine spinal cords. One month after the last of five serial immunizations, the recipients showed progressive weight loss. By seven months of age, five of the six immunized animals had died. Pathological examination showed destruction of motor neurons in the spinal cords without demyelination, but with atrophy of the related skeletal muscle groups. By immunofluorescent and histochemical tests, serum from the guinea pigs was shown to react with motor neurons of swine and guinea pig cord. This experimental disorder of guinea pigs appeared to be based on the immunologically mediated destruction of motor neurons and it may serve as a model for the human motor neuron diseases.