游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损

目的 报告应用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣移植修复手指指腹缺损的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对70例76指手指指腹缺损的患者,采用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为1.5 cm×1.0 cm～4.0 cm×2.5 cm.皮瓣的供血动脉采用第二足趾胫侧趾底固有动脉60指,采用第一跖背动脉一趾背动脉供血16指.足部供区采用全厚皮片加压植皮.结果 70例76指皮瓣全部存活,其中4指皮瓣在术后3 d内发生动脉危象,经手术探查后动脉危象解除.所有患者经过5～24个月(平均8个月)的随访,皮瓣质地、外形满意,手指功能恢复优良,远侧指间关节活动度为0°～60°,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm.足部供区创面Ⅰ期愈合71趾,植皮中央区部分坏死5趾,经换药后愈合.远期随访植皮区耐磨,不妨碍行走,无破溃发生.结论 应用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损.具有手术操作相对简单、手术时间短、修复后的手指指腹饱满且外形逼真等优点,是一种理想的方法.     

足趾移植长手指全形再造术的临床应用

目的探讨足趾移植长手指全形再造手术的临床疗效。方法自2015年6月至2019年6月,对16例因外伤致手指缺损患者采用足趾移植长手指全形再造术,术后评估供区及受区的感觉功能、运动功能及外观形态,分析指甲畸形及增生性瘢痕的发生情况,并记录术后发生感染、血肿、皮片坏死及供区愈合不良等情况;通过调查问卷的方式分析患者的满意度。结果所有患者术后获随访1~12个月,其中2例受区发生感染,1例受区皮片边缘发生坏死,经换药后予以缓解;其余患者的供、受区均未出现长时间的痛疼感觉,受区感觉功能恢复达87.50%,受区运动功能恢复均较满意,手指外形基本满意。供区感觉受影响者2例,运动功能受限者1例,外形一般者2例。所有患者无指甲畸形及增生性瘢痕发生;满意者1例,基本满意者14例,不满意者1例。结论采用足趾移植长手指全形再造手术,基本可以满足患者及医师对于缺损手指进行完美修复的目标。     

足趾移植再造拇手指术后指腹外形改进方法的探讨

目的 探讨以第2、3足趾移植再造拇、手指术后指腹短粗外形的改进方法.方法 对33例、39指不同指别的第2、3足趾移植再造术后的指腹,采用一侧和双侧皮肤及皮下组织部分切除缩小指腹.或将术中切下的皮肤及皮下组织做成筋膜蒂皮瓣转移至中节指掌侧,以增粗中节指节的周径.同时对几种方法进行同顾性的总结和探讨. 结果 33例39指修整的指腹皮肤无坏死,转移皮瓣血供好,术后指腹外形明显平坦,中节指周径有较明显增粗,效果满意.1例中节指掌侧进行游离皮片移植拟减轻指腹屈曲和增加中节指周径的方法效果不明显. 结论 应用对第2、3足趾移植再造拇手指术后指腹侧方切除部分皮肤及皮下组织的方法能够明显改善足趾趾腹移植到手指后的外形,与手指指腹外形更加接近.手术方法简单,效果可靠,对再造指指腹感觉及血供无影响.     

第二足趾胫侧趾腹皮瓣游离移植修复指腹组织缺损

目的 探讨应用第二足趾腹皮瓣游离移植修复拇、手指指腹软组织缺损的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 根据拇、手指指腹软组织缺损的大小、范围和形状,于同侧第二足趾胫侧趾腹设计趾腹皮瓣,皮瓣的轴线为第二足趾胫侧趾底固有动脉、神经的投影.切取皮瓣面积2.0 cm×2.3 cm～2.0 cm×3.5 cm,临床应用修复10例.结果 术后有2例皮瓣边缘少部分坏死,经换药后创面愈合外,另8例皮瓣均成活良好.术后随访4～16个月,皮瓣血运、质地、弹性良好,指腹饱满,外形满意.手指功能恢复良好.皮瓣两点分辨觉为5.0～9.0 mm.第二趾供区创面均Ⅰ期愈合,不影响穿鞋及行走.结论 游离第二足趾胫侧趾腹皮瓣手术简便,血供可靠,可重建感觉功能,是修复拇、手指指腹软组织缺损的良好方法.     

Treatment of posttraumatic fingertip pain using a great toe pulp graft

Complications of fingertip injury include pain, hyper- or dyssensitivity, cold intolerance, and fingertip atrophy. Especially in cases of soft-tissue defect or atrophy which result from crushing injury, fingertip pain often occurs when a finger touches the objects. To overcome this problem, several techniques including local flaps or free flaps were suggested. But these methods require intricate and multistaged procedures.Twelve patients who had fingertip pain with pulp atrophy were treated with pulp graft between March 2004 and March 2006. Under the local anesthesia, we made a fish-mouth incision at the most prominent portion of fingertip and elevated volar flaps. Composite tissue was harvested from the lateral aspect of great toe, and inserted between the previously elevated volar flaps. The harvested composite pulp tissue contained about 3- to 5-mm thick fat layer. Moisture dressing was performed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain postoperatively. The follow-up period was in the range between the 12 and 24 months (average, 19 months). Pre- and postoperative differences in VAS scores were analyzed for statistical significance, using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. In addition, patients were asked about their level of satisfaction with the procedure. To evaluate the postoperative sensation of the graft, we performed the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, and static and dynamic 2-point discrimination test at 1 year postoperatively.The size of the graft was ranged from 276 mm (12 × 23 mm) to 750 mm (25 × 30 mm). At final follow-up review, 5 patients were very satisfied and 7 were satisfied. Atrophy of the fingertip was also improved. Fingertip pain reduced from 8.5 preoperative to 3.1 postoperative on VAS. These improvements were statistically significant. Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test was green (～2.83) in 9 patients (75%) and blue (3.22-3.61) in 3 of 12 patients (25%). Static and dynamic 2-point discrimination test results came out as 6 and 5 mm, respectively.Composite graft applied to the fingertip is a simple technique, and gives few complications. This procedure can be performed under local anesthesia and gives a fairly high degree of satisfaction to patients. We believe this method is useful for treating fingertip pain with atrophy of pulp.     

拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损

目的探讨拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损的临床疗效。方法对7例拇指末节缺损患者分别采用吻合血管拇趾甲皮瓣修复拇指背侧皮肤及指甲缺损、尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣修复拇指末节掌侧皮肤缺损、末节指骨缺损取髂骨移植。拇趾甲皮瓣供区采用游离植皮5例,同侧第2趾胫侧方皮瓣顺行覆盖2例;尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣供区均直接缝合。结果 7例拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣均顺利成活,伤口一期愈合。其中1例拇趾甲皮瓣供区植皮出现部分坏死,经换药后愈合。末节植骨愈合时间为8~11周,平均10周。去除内固定物后行规律功能锻炼。所有患者获随访6~15个月,平均8个月,移植组织成活及拇指指甲生长良好,指腹皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~10 mm(平均9 mm);足部供区皮瓣及植皮无破溃,足部功能未受影响。结论采用拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节能较好地恢复拇指外形及功能,是一种较好的临床治疗方法。     

Innervated reverse island flap based on the end dorsal branch of the digital artery: surgical technique

Fingertip or pulp loss of the fingers is observed frequently in unskilled workers. To reconstruct a sensate fingertip or pulp we designed the innervated reverse island flap based on the end dorsal branch of the digital artery, which was harvested from the dorsum of the middle phalanx. The sensation of the fingertip or pulp was re-established through coaptation of the proper branches of the digital dorsal nerves to the digital nerves. Three fingertip or pulp defects were reconstructed with this technique. All patients achieved satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. The mean follow-up time was 7.7 months. The average size of the flaps was 1.6 x 1.8 cm. The average static 2-point discrimination and moving 2-point discrimination of the flaps were 4.6 mm and 3.0 mm, respectively. The technique we applied seems to be an excellent option for 1-stage reconstruction of fingertip or pulp defects.     

拇甲瓣移植再造拇指术后的感觉功能恢复

目的研究拇甲瓣再造拇指术后的感觉功能恢复情况。方法2003年1月-2009年6月共行19例坶甲瓣移植再造拇指术．感觉功能的测量：行健侧坶趾趾尖及健侧对应指尖感觉功能测量．与术后指尖感觉功能测量的结果相比较,包括温度觉、痛觉、触觉、振动觉、两点辨别觉。结果术后随访12~58个月,平均26个月,皮瓣全部成活,指体外形满意,手指活动功能优良;感觉功能恢复结果：温度觉恢复最好,痛觉其次,触觉和振动觉达到正常70％;两点辨别觉恢复最差,两点辨别觉：健侧指尖（3．0±1．0）mm,健侧坶趾趾尖（6．5±2．5）mm,再造拇指术后指尖（9．0±5．0）mm。结论坶甲瓣再造拇指,外形逼真,功能优良;再造手指感觉功能恢复总体满意,但不完全并有选择性,再造手指的感觉功能更接近足趾而非手指。     

The aesthetic mini wrap-around technique for thumb reconstruction

In the past 12 years, 16 thumb defects at, or distal to, the interphalangeal joint were reconstructed using a great toe mini wrap-around flap. A flap including the entire nail and most of the distal phalanx of the great toe was used. Fifteen of the grafts survived. The sensory recovery of the reconstructed thumb was good as assessed by 2-point discrimination test with an average of 10 mm (range 5-15), and there were no complaints of cold intolerance. This technique results in good cosmetic appearance, and all patients were pleased with the cosmetic aspect of the thumb and there was no significant morbidity at the great toe donor site. The final decision to reconstruct a distal thumb amputation is influenced by gender, job, and age of the patients. The great toe mini wrap-around flap is an excellent reconstruction technique in selected patients.     

第一趾蹼区游离皮瓣修复虎口及指腹缺损的疗效

目的介绍用第一趾蹼区游离皮瓣修复虎口及指腹软组织缺损的疗效。方法对2例虎口瘢痕挛缩以及5例外伤后手指指腹软组织缺损者,采用第一趾蹼区游离皮瓣修复瘢痕切除后的创面和软组织缺损创面。供区用全厚皮片植皮。结果7例皮瓣全部存活。术后平均随访8个月,虎口开大为健侧的70%,手指指腹外形良好,屈伸自如,两点分辨觉为10~12mm。7例术后3个月足部行走正常,无疼痛;其中2例趾蹼处有瘢痕。结论应用第一趾蹼区游离皮瓣修复虎口及手指指腹皮肤缺损,手术虽然复杂,但术后感觉恢复满意。     

游离坶趾腓侧皮瓣修复指腹皮肤软组织缺损

目的介绍游离坶趾腓侧皮瓣修复指腹皮肤软组织缺损的临床经验。方法对21例手指指腹皮肤软组织缺损者,采用游离坶趾腓侧皮瓣修复,并观察疗效。结果本组21例皮瓣均成活,切口均一期愈合,供足植皮成活良好。术后随访3-28个月,皮瓣色泽、质地与正常手指基本相同,皮瓣无萎缩或色素沉着,外形饱满,两点分辨觉为4-10mm,手指伸、屈功能良好。根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定,优18,良3例。供足外形及功能无影响。结论采用游离坶趾腓侧皮瓣修复指腹皮肤软组织缺损,虽然手术风险较大,但修复后能最大限度地恢复手指外形、屈伸功能,以及精细感常暑一种秸得推广酌术支     

Secret scar free gracilis flap

The gracilis free flap is a workhorse in plastic surgery. We present a modified technique that relies on a single horizontal thigh-lift-type approach, which (1) gives wide pedicle exposure, (2) provides material for skin grafting, and (3) allows for distal flap transection without an additional incision. Eighteen gracilis free flaps were performed from 2007 to 2009 for lower extremity reconstruction. Complete flap survival was observed in 17 patients with one partial necrosis distally. Our approach allowed access to divide the distal gracilis tendon without a second incision in all cases. The mean scar length was 16 ± 3 cm and no hypertrophic scars were observed. In 15 patients, no visible scar was observed in the upright position, and in three patients, the scar was visible dorsally (2 ± 1 cm). No sensory deficits were observed 6 months postoperatively. In addition, the split-thickness skin graft harvested from the skin paddle was sufficient to cover all defects.     

第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 探讨第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣瓦合修复指端缺损的临床疗效.方法 对16例拇、手指指端复合组织缺损的患者,设计以趾底固有动脉-甲皱襞血管筋膜蒂为血管蒂的第二趾趾端复合组织,串联趾侧方皮瓣进行瓦合修复.结果 术后16例皮瓣全部存活,随访时间为4～17个月,平均12个月.手指功能恢复优良,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm,外观逼真,指甲生长外形良好.供区趾甲生长良好,趾端无疼痛,植皮无破溃发生.结论 应用第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复手指指端缺损,受区外形好,供区损伤小.     

第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 探讨第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣瓦合修复指端缺损的临床疗效.方法 对16例拇、手指指端复合组织缺损的患者,设计以趾底固有动脉-甲皱襞血管筋膜蒂为血管蒂的第二趾趾端复合组织,串联趾侧方皮瓣进行瓦合修复.结果 术后16例皮瓣全部存活,随访时间为4～17个月,平均12个月.手指功能恢复优良,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm,外观逼真,指甲生长外形良好.供区趾甲生长良好,趾端无疼痛,植皮无破溃发生.结论 应用第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复手指指端缺损,受区外形好,供区损伤小.     

第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 探讨第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣瓦合修复指端缺损的临床疗效.方法 对16例拇、手指指端复合组织缺损的患者,设计以趾底固有动脉-甲皱襞血管筋膜蒂为血管蒂的第二趾趾端复合组织,串联趾侧方皮瓣进行瓦合修复.结果 术后16例皮瓣全部存活,随访时间为4～17个月,平均12个月.手指功能恢复优良,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm,外观逼真,指甲生长外形良好.供区趾甲生长良好,趾端无疼痛,植皮无破溃发生.结论 应用第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复手指指端缺损,受区外形好,供区损伤小.     

Reconstruction of Composite Soft Tissue Defect in the Distal Finger Using Partial Toenail Flap Transfer

Objective

Composite tissue loss involving the distal finger pulp and the nail is a common but challenging finger injury to restore. This study introduces a reconstruction procedure for a distal finger pulp and nail defect using a partial toenail flap transfer.

Methods

Twenty digits, including 16 thumbs, two index fingers, and two middle fingers, with composite soft tissue defects were treated with a partial toenail flap transfer from October 2015 to January 2020. Shortening revision of the great toe phalanx, a V-Y advancement flap of the toe pulp, and a local pedicle flap from a second toe transfer were used to cover the donor sites, and no skin grafts were required. Functionality was evaluated using the validated Spanish version of the Quick-DASH scale. The aesthetics of both the reconstructed and donor sites were evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). The static two-point discrimination (2-PD) of the finger pulp was used as a measure of tactile agnosia.

Results

All donor site wounds healed well. The average follow-up time was 23.6 months (6–39 months). The mean Quick-DASH functional score was 7.1. The VSS scores were 4.02 ± 0.29 and 4.00 ± 0.38 for the reconstructed and donor sites, respectively. The static 2-PD of finger pulp was 4.5 ± 0.76 mm. The patients were satisfied with finger motion, sensory function, and aesthetic contour.

Conclusions

Partial toenail flap transfer is the recommended treatment to regain motion, sensation, function, and a satisfactory aesthetic appearance when considering repairing a composite soft tissue distal finger defect with accompanying loss of the perionychium, particularly in the thumb, index finger, or middle finger.     

Classification of Distal Fingertip Amputation Based on the Arterial System for Replantation

During replantation of distal fingertip amputation, identification of the artery is the most important but time consuming procedure. Depending on the damaged arterial structure, we classified distal fingertip amputations into 4 zones, on the basis of three dimensional concept. Zone 1 injury was defined as damage to the proximal central pulp artery; zone 2 injury, damage to the branch of the central pulp artery; zone 3 injury, damage to the distal central pulp artery; and zone 4 injury, no injury to the central pulp artery, injury only to the lateral pulp artery. From April 2010 to June 2011, 27 patients were evaluated. Successful replantation was observed in 21 patients. Skin necrosis occurred in six patients. For distal fingertip amputation classification based on the damaged arterial system is an easy method to find out the appropriate artery which should be anastomosed during replantation.     

Retrospective study of the application of acellular dermis in reconstructing full‐thickness skin defects

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the acellular dermis' utility in reconstructing full‐thickness defects after scar contracture releasing and giant nevus resection. From the year 2012 to 2014, 18 consecutive patients underwent composite graft (thin autograft and alloderma) transplantation. Among these patients, 16 patients suffered from burned scar contracture in the upper extremities, and two young cases were met with giant nevus on the upper extremity. Ten of 13 adult cases with upper extremity scar affection were chosen for a comparative study. Twenty hands were randomly allocated into group A and group B. The thick autograft was used to repair one upper extremity in group B, and the composite grafts were used to cover the other upper extremity in group A. Besides appraisal of the recipient sites' function and aesthetics, donor sites were also estimated after a mean of 12 months' follow‐up through the Vancouver Scar Score Scale. After evaluation in the above comparative study through the Vancouver Score Scale, in the recipient evaluation, no statistical difference was found in the pigmentation score between two groups, while statistical difference was achieved in other aspects (vascularity, pliability, height). In the donor site's evaluation, statistical difference was established between the two groups in all facets. One adult patient was dissatisfied with the hypertrophic scar on the donor site, and about almost a half of the area became a hypertrophic scar in the recipient site. No atrophic change occurred; one little girl, suffering from large nevus, was operated on by removing nearly the whole giant nevus on the upper limb. Unfortunately, she presented with finger tip necrosis occurring. The finger tip was not ultimately preserved and was repaired with an abdomen flap. Acellular dermal matrix is an excellent option and a useful tool for reconstructing large full‐thickness skin defects after releasing burned scar contracture and removing giant nevus. With thin‐skin graft meshed, a donor site's presentation brings courage to patients, while recipient sites can reach nearly the same elasticity and function compared to thick‐grafted skin.     

Free toe pulp transfer for digital reconstruction after high-pressure injection injury

We report two cases of high-pressure injection injuries to the fingertip in which free toe pulp flaps were used to resurface the palmar surface of the finger following extensive wound debridement. There was good return of sensibility and, because of the high durability of the donor skin, both patients regained good functional use of the injured digits and returned to heavy manual work. There was minimal associated morbidity of the donor sites. The free toe pulp flap represents an excellent alternative for resurfacing the digit with a large residual skin defect after high-pressure injection injury.     

(足母)甲皮瓣供趾胫侧保留皮瓣的坏死原因

目的 探讨拇甲皮瓣供趾物胫侧保留皮瓣坏死原因。方法 １９８２年６月－１９９７年１２月对２６７例２７７例手指缺失患者采用拇甲皮瓣游离移植修复,按整形外科皮瓣设计原则,设计拇趾胫侧舌状皮瓣的基部在左足１０－６点,右足２－６点,宽宽为１．０－１．５ｃｍ,内含支配趾骨,关节等组织的血管与神经,保留骨膜。结果术后胫侧保留皮瓣坏死１３侧,坏死率为４．６９％,供皮瓣区植皮坏死７８侧,坏死率为２８．１％,大部分经