MiR-146a rs2910164基因多态性与胃癌易感性的系统评价

目的 评价miR-146a rs2910164 G/C基因多态性与胃癌易感性的相关性.方法 全面检索Pubmed、Excerpta Medica Database （Embase）、Chinese Biomedical Literature Database （CBM） and the Cochrane Library、维普、万方数据库,收集研究miR-146a rs2910164 G/C基因多态性与胃癌易感性相关性的文献.对miR-146a rs2910164 G/C各基因型的比较模型（G vs C、GG vs CC、GG vs GC、GC vs CC、GG＋GC vs CC、GGvs GC＋CC）进行定量综合分析.结果 共纳入8篇文献,共有胃癌患者4198例,健康对照5853例.Meta分析结果发现MiR-146a rs2910164 G/C基因多态性与胃癌易感性之间具有相关性（GG vsGC：OR=1.14,95％ CI：1.03～1.27,P=0.01;GG vs GC＋ CC：OR=1.17,95％ CI：1.06 ～ 1.29,P=0.002）.在亚组分析中也有相似的结论.结论 本研究发现miR-146a rs2910164基因多态性与胃癌易感性之间具有相关性,并且miR-146a rs2910164的等位基因G可能是胃癌的危险因素.     

基质金属蛋白酶-1、3启动子基因多态性与卵巢癌易感性的Meta分析

目的：应用Meta分析研究基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）‐1‐1607bp1G／2G、MMP‐3‐1171bp5A／6A启动子基因多态性与卵巢癌易感性的关系。方法检索数据库中符合纳入MMP‐1‐1607bp1G／2G、MMP‐3‐1171bp5A／6A启动子基因多态性与卵巢癌易感性关系的病例对照研究,基因多态性与易感性的关系用比值比（OR）及95％可信区间（CI）表示,应用RevMan5．0对数据进行分析。结果共纳入8项研究,涉及MMP‐1的5项,MMP‐3的3项。Meta分析发现,MMP‐1‐1607bp1G／2G在1G／1G∶1G／2G＋2G／2G模型下OR（95％CI）＝0．95（0．74～1．21）,P＝0．67,1G／1G∶2G／2G模型下OR（95％CI）＝0．93（0．70～1．23）,P＝0．60,1G∶2G模型下OR（95％CI）＝0．99（0．87～1．14）,P＝0．91,MMP‐3‐1171bp5A／6A在5A／5A＋5A／6A∶6A／6A模型下OR（95％CI）＝0．97（0．68～1．38）,P＝0．85,差异无有统计学意义。结论目前的文献尚不能证实MMP‐1‐1607bp1G／2G、MMP‐3‐1171bp5A／6A启动子基因多态性与卵巢癌易感性有关。     

TLR-9基因多态性与肺结核易感性的相关性分析

目的探讨TLR-9基因多态性与肺结核易感性的相关性。方法计算机检索知网、万方数据库、大医医学网、PubMed数据库关于TLR-9基因多态性(rs352139和rs187084)与肺结核易感性相关的病例对照研究,检索时间从建库截至2019年10月10日。提取相关信息,根据等位基因模型、显性模型、隐性模型、纯合子比较模型、杂合子比较模型进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇文献,病例组8 280例、对照组8 959例。Meta分析结果显示:TLR9 rs352139多态性与肺结核易感性无显著相关性,等位基因模型G vs A:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.85～1.27;显性模型AA vs AG+GG:OR=0.91,95%CI:0.71～1.18;隐性模型GG vs AG+AA:OR=1.00,95%CI:0.70～1.44;纯合子比较模型GG vs AA:OR=1.06,95%CI:0.75～1.51;杂合子比较模型AG vs AA:OR=1.09,95%CI:0.82～1.46。TLR9 rs187084多态性与肺结核易感性无显著相关性,等位基因模型C vs T:OR=0.99,95%CI:0.89～1.10;显性模型TT vs TC+CC:OR=1.11,95%CI:0.94～1.31;隐性模型CC vs TC+TT:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.86～1.25;纯合子比较模型CC vs TT:OR=0.92,95%CI:0.72～1.16;杂合子比较模型TC vs TT:OR=0.86,95%CI:0.63～1.17。结论 TLR-9基因多态性(rs352139和rs187084)与肺结核易感性无明显相关性。     

白细胞介素-6基因-174G/C、-572C/G多态性与慢性牙周炎的相关性研究

目的 研究白细胞介素-6（IL-6）基因-174G/C、-572C/G多态性与慢性牙周炎的关系。方法 采用病例对照实验设计,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性基因分析方法,比较195例慢性牙周炎患者和164例健康者IL-6 基因-174、-572位点基因型和等位基因分布特点。 结果 IL-6基因-174位点GG、GC基因型检出率为99.4％、0.6%,无CC基因型,两种基因型和G、C等位基因频率在组间分布差异无统计学意义;IL-6基因-572位点CC、GC、GG基因型检出率分别为66.9%、30.6%、2.5%,C、G等位基因检出率为81.9% 、18.1%,三种基因型和C、G等位基因频率在组间分布差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 IL-6基因-174位点在中国汉族人群中变异率低,-572位点的多态性与慢性牙周炎的易感性无关。     

TNIP1基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮易患性的系统评价

目的探讨TNIP1基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)易患性的关系。方法计算机检索数据库,时间为1990年1月至2013年8月收集有关TNIP1基因多态性与SLE易患性病例对照研究,提取纳入文献的相关数据进系统评价,以病例组与对照组TNIP1基因位点模型的比值比(OR)为效应指标,漏斗图检测发表偏倚。结果共6篇研究符合纳入标准,累计病例数2556例,对照组3158例。Meta分析表明TNIP1基因rs7708392多态性与SLE易患性有统计学意义[纯合子比较模型(GG vs CC):OR=0.57,95%CI 0.39⁰.83,P=0.003;杂合子比较模型(CG vs CC):OR=0.72,95%CI:0.580.83,P=0.003;杂合子比较模型(CG vs CC):OR=0.72,95%CI:0.58⁰.89,P=0.003;显性遗传模型(CG+GG vs CC):OR=0.70,95%CI 0.550.89,P=0.003;显性遗传模型(CG+GG vs CC):OR=0.70,95%CI 0.55⁰.87,P=0.002;隐性遗传模型(GG vs CC+GC)OR=0.70,95%CI 0.580.87,P=0.002;隐性遗传模型(GG vs CC+GC)OR=0.70,95%CI 0.58⁰.85,P=0.0003]。结论 TNIP1基因rs7708392多态性与SLE易患性有明显关联性。     

Hsa-miR-149基因多态性与消化道肿瘤易感性的研究

目的：探讨Hsa‐miR‐149基因多态性与消化道肿瘤易感性之间的关系。方法检索Pubmed、EMBASE、ISIWebofScience、中国知网（CNKI）、万方等国内外数据库,收集关于Hsa‐miR‐149基因多态性与消化道肿瘤的病例对照研究文献。根据纳入排除标准选择符合的文献,提取数据以合并OR值和相应的95％置信区间（95％CI）来预测Has‐miRNA‐149基因多态性和消化道肿瘤的关系,根据异质性检验结果选择随机效应模型或固定效应模型,并进行敏感性分析和发表偏移的评估,应用Sta‐ta12．0分析软件进行统计分析。结果最终纳入13篇研究包括病例组4424例,对照组5290例。Hsa‐miR‐149基因多态性与消化道肿瘤易感性具有相关性（显性模型CT＋CCvs．TT：OR＝0．915,95％CI：0．840～0．996,P＝0．040;杂合子模型CTvs．TT：OR＝0．880,95％CI：0．803～0．965,P＝0．007）。分层分析发现,CT和CC基因型携带者患结直肠癌的风险明显降低（OR＝0．834,95％CI：0．715～0．972,P＝0．021）;亚洲人群里,Hsa‐miR‐149基因多态性与消化道肿瘤风险相关（显性遗传模型CT＋CCvs．TT：OR＝0．894,95％CI：0．818－0．977,P＝0．013）,但与高加索人群的消化道肿瘤易感性的相关性不明显。结论Hsa‐miR‐149基因多态性与消化道肿瘤易感性密切相关,尤其在亚洲人群中,携带突变基因型CT／CC的个体与携带TT野生基因型相比患消化道肿瘤的风险降低。     

新疆地区哈萨克族和汉族人群中GGCX基因多态性分析

目的：探讨γ-谷氨酰基羧化酶（Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase,GGCX）基因多态位点在新疆地区哈萨克族、汉族人群中的分布特点及其差异。方法采用标准酚-氯仿法提取新疆地区哈萨克、汉族各305例健康人外周血基因组DNA,应用多聚酶链反应-限制性内切酶长度片段多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术对 GGCX的2个单核苷酸位点（rs11676382和 rs6751560）进行基因多态性监测,计算其基因型,并比较2个民族人群中基因多态性分布的差异。结果 rs11676382基因型CC、CG和 GG在哈萨克族人群中分别有66例（21．64％）、233例（76．39％）和6例（1．97％）,C 和 G 等位基因的频率分别为59．84％和83．50％;在汉族人群中分别有209例（68．30％）、93例（30．39％）和4例（1．31％）,C和 G等位基因的频率分别为40．16％和16．50％。rs6751560基因型 AA、AG和 GG在哈萨克族人群中分别有2例（0．66％）、11例（3．61％）和292例（95．74％）,A和 G等位基因的频率分别为2．46％和97．54％;在汉族人群中AA、AG和GG分别有4例（1．31％）、3例（0．98％）和298例（97．70％）,A和G等位基因的频率分别为1．80％和98．20％;哈萨克族人群与汉族人群 rs11676382位点基因型比较差异有统计学意义（总χ2＝134．9,P ＜0．01）,显性模型CC与CG＋GG、隐性模型GG与CC＋CG、附加模型CG与CC＋GG之间比较显示,显性模型和附加模型比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝134．4和129．9,P ＜0．01）,等位基因 C与 G比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝84．3,P ＜0．01）。rs11676382位点隐性模型和 rs6751560位点基因型及等位基因差异均无统计学意义。结论新疆地区哈萨克族与汉族人群 rs11676382位点均以CC和CG基因型比较常见,C等位基因出现的频率比G等位基因出现的频率高;CC基因型是保护因素,而 CG基因型是危险因素,GG基因型既不是保护因素,又     

宁夏回、汉族群体IL-6启动子区基因多态性研究

目的探讨白细胞介素6（intedeukin6,IL-6）基因多态性在宁夏回、汉族人群中的分布特征。方法应用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法,对210例回族和308例汉族人群白细胞介素6基因启动子区三个多态性位点（-572G／C、-597G／A、-174G／C）进行检测。结果宁夏回族群体肛-6基因三个SNP各基因型频率及等位基因频率分别为,-572G／C（CC：55．71％;CG：34．76％;GG：9．52％;C：73．10％;G：26．90％）;-597G／A（GGl94．29％;GAl5．71％;AA：0％;G：97．14％;A：2．86）;-174G／C（GG：96．67％;GC：3．23％;CC：O％;G：98．33％;C：1．67％）。宁夏汉族群体IL-6基因三个SNP各基因型频率及等位基因频率分别为,-572（CC：52．92％;CG：35．71％;GG：11．36％;C：70．78％;G：29．22％）;-597（GG：92．86％;GA：7．14％;AA：0％;G：96．13％;A：3．57）;-174（GG：97．08％;GC：2．92％;CC：0％;G：98．54％;C：1．46％）。两组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;按性别分组,三个SNP位点的基因型频率及等位基因频率差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论IL-6基因-572、-597、-174三个多态性位点在宁夏回、汉族人群及不同性别间差异无统计学意义。     

BIRC5基因rs9904341多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关联研究

目的 探索BIRC5基因-31G＞C(rs9904341)位点多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关联.方法 采用病例对照研究设计,纳入新发女性乳腺癌患者709例和749例健康对照,提取研究对象外周血细胞基因组DNA,通过聚合酶链反应-连接酶反应(PCR-LDR)对rs9904341位点进行基因分型,多因素Logistic回归分析-31G＞C(rs9904341)位点多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关联.结果 病例组中GG、GC、CC基因型分布分别为191(26.9％)、354(49.9％)、164(23.1％);对照组中GG、GC、CC基因型分布分别为184(24.6％)、382(51.0％)、183(24.4％).基因型频率分布差异无统计学意义(P =0.566).基于共显性、显性、隐性、等位基因模型,rs9904341位点与乳腺癌易感性均无显著性关联(P＞0.05).在＞50岁年龄组和已绝经女性人群,显性模型中显性基因者(GC+CC)相比于GG基因型者患乳腺癌的风险显著降低,效应值分别为:校正OR =0.61,95％ CI=0.38 ～0.96,P=0.031以及校正OR=0.63,95％ CI=0.42 ～0.95,P=0.029.结论 BIRC5基因-31G＞ C(rs9904341)位点多态性与乳腺癌易感性无显著关联,在＞50岁年龄组和已绝经女性人群中,C等位基因携带者(CG+CC)较GG基因型者患乳腺癌易感性显著降低.     

TNF-α-308G/A基因多态性与慢性牙周炎易感性关系的Meta分析

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α-308（tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308,TNF-α-308）基因多态性与慢性牙周炎（chronic pe－riodontitis,CP）易感性的关系。方法：计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、CNKI、CBM、VIP 和万方数据,检索时限均为建库至2013年10月。按照纳入与排除标准筛出关于TNF-α-308G/A基因多态性与CP易感性相关的病例-对照研究或队列研究。对纳入研究采用Newcastle-Ottawa 量表进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.2.0 和Stata 12.0 软件进行统计分析。结果：共纳入18个研究,1 420例CP患者,1 538例健康对照。Meta分析结果显示：①TNF-α-308G/A基因多态性与CP相关性：等位基因遗传模型A vs. G（OR=1.05,95%CI＝0.83～1.34,P=0.68）、加性遗传模型AA vs. GG（OR=1.35,95%CI＝0.78～2.34,P=0.28）、显性遗传模型AA+AG vs. GG（OR=1.02,95%CI＝0.79～1.33,P=0.88）、隐性遗传模型AA vs. AG+GG（OR=1.42,95%CI＝0.82～2.45,P=0.21）;②以人种、严重程度、吸烟情况为亚组进行分层分析,结果显示TNF-α-308 位点的多样性在不同人群中也无明显相关性（P >0.05）。结论：现有证据显示,TNF-α-308基因多态性可能与CP易感性无关。由于纳入研究数量有限,上述结论尚需开展更多高质量、大样本的随机对照试验加以验证。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.