白藜芦醇对脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞极化改变的影响

目的：探讨白藜芦醇对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264．7细胞极化表型改变的影响。方法体外培养的RAW264．7小鼠巨噬细胞在六孔板孵育12 h ,分为磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）对照组、LPS（100 ng／mL）组、LPS（100 ng／mL）＋白藜芦醇（30μmol／L）组,LPS＋白藜芦醇组在加入LPS前预先加入白藜芦醇孵育12 h;上述细胞在LPS刺激12 h后分别收集细胞和培养上清液;实时定量PCR（RT‐qPCR）检测经典的炎症活化型巨噬细胞（M1）型相关基因iNOS、TNF‐αmRNA表达,以及替代活化巨噬细胞（M2）型相关基因IL‐10、PPARγ和Arg‐1 mRNA表达,Western blot检测细胞iNOS、Arg‐1蛋白表达,ELISA检测培养上清液中炎性因子IL‐12 p40、IL‐10和 TNF‐α的水平。结果 RT‐qPCR检测结果显示,与LPS组相比,M1型相关基因iNOS、TNF‐αmRNA较LPS＋白藜芦醇组显著上升（P＜0．05）,而M2型相关基因IL‐10、PPARγ、Arg‐1 mRNA表达显著下调（P＜0．05）。Western blot检测发现,LPS组iNOS蛋白水平显著高于LPS＋白藜芦醇组（P＜0．05）,而Arg‐1蛋白水平显著低于LPS＋白藜芦醇组（P＜0．05）。ELISA检测发现,LPS组培养上清液中炎性因子IL‐12 p40、TNF‐α水平显著高于LPS＋白藜芦醇组（P＜0．05）,而IL‐10和水平显著低于LPS＋白藜芦醇组（P＜0．05）。结论白藜芦醇可能促进了LPS刺激的RAW264．7巨噬细胞向M2型极化改变。     

右美托咪定对脂多糖诱导大鼠外周血中性粒细胞TREM-1mRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨右美托咪定对脂多糖（LPS）诱导大鼠外周血中性粒细胞髓样细胞触发受体‐1（TREM‐1）mRNA表达的影响。方法健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,取外周血分离培养中性粒细胞,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组（n＝10）,A组：阴性对照;B组：中性粒细胞中加入L PS （终浓度为100μg／L ）;C组：中性粒细胞中加入L PS （终浓度为100μg／L ）加右美托咪定（终浓度为0．5 ng／mL）;D组：中性粒细胞中加入LPS（终浓度为100μg／L）加右美托咪定（终浓度为1．0 ng／mL）。孵育24 h后,收集上清液,采用ELISA法测定TNF‐α、IL‐1β和IL‐6的浓度,采用RT‐PCR法测定TREM‐1 mRNA的表达。结果与A组比较,B组TREM‐1 mRNA表达上调,TNF‐α、IL‐1β和IL‐6的浓度升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;与B组比较,C组和D组TREM‐1 mRNA表达下调,TNF‐α、IL‐1β和IL‐6的浓度降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;与C组比较,D组 TREM‐1 mRNA表达水平、TNF‐α、IL‐1β和IL‐6的浓度比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论右美托咪定可通过下调 TREM‐1 mRNA表达,抑制L PS诱导大鼠外周血中性粒细胞T N F‐α、IL‐1β和IL‐6的生成及分泌。     

桑色素对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤机制的研究

目的：观察桑色素对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的急性肺损伤（ALI）小鼠的作用及机制研究。方法将30只雄性C57B／L小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及治疗组。通过气管插管向肺内滴注LPS（5 mg／kg）的方式建立ALI模型,对照组予等量生理盐水滴入。治疗组于LPS暴露后连续3 d腹腔注射桑色素40 mg／kg ,其余两组给予等量生理盐水。72 h后处死小鼠,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液,离心后沉淀行Wright‐Giemsa染色计数细胞总数、中性粒细胞数,用ELISA法测定上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF‐α）、IL‐1β水平;称质量并计算肺湿／干质量比;HE染色检测肺组织病理改变;Western blot法检测肺组织 Toll样受体4（TLR4）、IKK和NF‐κB表达水平。结果气管内滴注LPS成功复制小鼠ALI模型。模型组小鼠肺组织病理检查见明显炎性浸润、肺泡间隔增宽及出血水肿,肺湿干质量比、肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数、中性粒细胞数及 TNF‐α,IL‐1β水平、肺组织内 TLR4蛋白表达水平和NF‐κB、IKK磷酸化水平均较对照组明显增高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;腹腔注射桑色素可明显减轻LPS引起的上述病理改变,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论桑色素能在一定程度上减轻LPS诱导的ALI炎性反应,其机制可能与抑制NF‐κB激活有关。     

坎地沙坦抑制内毒素诱导的 VSM Cs 炎症因子释放的作用研究

目的：研究坎地沙坦对内毒素（LPS）诱导血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）炎症因子释放的影响,探讨 Toll 样受体4（TLR4）介导的信号通路在这一过程中的作用。方法原代培养大鼠 VSMCs ,四甲基偶氮唑蓝（M TT ）法测定不同浓度坎地沙坦对 VSMCs 活性的影响。将细胞分为5组：A 组（对照组）、B 组（LPS 干预组）、C 组（LPS ＋10－7 mol／L 坎地沙坦）、D 组（LPS ＋10－6 mol／L 坎地沙坦）和 E 组（LPS ＋10－5 mol／L 坎地沙坦）。实时定量 PCR 和 Western blot 测定各组细胞 TLR4、髓样分化因子88（Myd88） mRNA 和蛋白的表达、NF‐κB（p65）的核转位水平;ELISA 测定各组细胞上清液白细胞介素‐1β（IL‐1β）和肿瘤坏死因子‐α（TNF‐α）分泌水平;DCFH‐DA 氧化法测定细胞内活性氧（iROS）含量。使用 TLR4阻滞剂 TLR4抗体、NADPH 氧化酶阻滞剂二联苯基碘（DPI）、NF‐κB 阻滞剂 PDTC 或坎地沙坦与阻滞剂联用预处理细胞,ELISA 法测定 IL‐1β和 TNF‐α分泌水平。结果坎地沙坦在10－8～10－3 mol／L 浓度范围内对 VSMCs 活性没有显著影响。同对照组相比,坎地沙坦可以有效抑制 LPS 诱导VSMCs IL‐1β和 TNF‐α的释放,减少 TLR4、Myd88 mRNA 和蛋白的表达以及 iROS 的生成,抑制 NF‐κB（p65）的核转位,并具有剂量依赖性。 TLR4抗体、DPI 、PDTC 均能有效地抑制 LPS 诱导的炎症因子释放,坎地沙坦与阻滞剂联用显示出更强的抗炎作用。结论坎地沙坦能够减少 LPS 诱导的 VSMCs 炎症因子 IL‐1β和 TNF‐α的分泌,这一作用可能是通过抑制 TLR4／Myd88‐iROS‐NF‐κB 信号通路而实现的。     

川芎嗪对TNF-α诱导的人腹膜间皮细胞t-PA和PAI-1表达的影响

【目的】探讨川芎嗪对体外培养的人腹膜间皮细胞（HPMCs）在肿瘤坏死因子‐α（TNF‐α）诱导后组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t‐PA）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子‐1（PAI‐1）表达的影响。【方法】应用胰蛋白酶消化法分离HPMCs进行原代培养并传代,分为5组（每组设3个样本）：正常对照组（完全培养液）、单纯TNF‐α（1μg／L）诱导组和TNF‐α诱导加低、中、高剂量川芎嗪（10、20和40 mg／L）组。采用半定量反转录聚合酶链反应（RT‐PCR）法检测细胞内t‐PA和PAI‐1 mRNA表达;酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测细胞上清液中t‐PA和PAI‐1的蛋白质水平。【结果】与正常组比较,TNF‐α诱导组上清液中 t‐PA的含量减少和PAI‐1含量显著升高,且两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．01）;与TNF‐α诱导组比较,低、中、高剂量川芎嗪组上清液中t‐PA的含量增加,PA I‐1的含量显著降低,且两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）。与正常组比较,单纯TNF‐α诱导组 HPMCs t‐PA／β‐actin mRNA 下降（87＆#177;5）％和 PAI‐1／β‐actin mRNA 上升（3．63＆#177;0．12）倍（ P ＜0．01）;与TNF‐α诱导组相比,低、中、高剂量川芎嗪组t‐PA／β‐actin mRNA表达明显增加（ P＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）和PAI‐1／β‐actin mR‐NA表达明显减少（ P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,两者在蛋白质和基因水平均呈量效关系。【结论】川芎嗪干预后能促进 HPMCs在炎症状态下t‐PA生成增加并抑制PAI‐1的表达,从而减少纤维化的发生。     

快速康复外科在胰腺癌术后对血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平的影响

目的：探讨快速康复外科（FTS）在胰腺癌手术后对血清IL‐6、IL‐10及TNF‐α水平的影响及其临床意义。方法入选胰腺癌手术患者80例,分为验组40例和对照组40例,检测并比较两组手术前后不同时段血浆中各指标水平。结果（1）两组术前血清IL‐6、IL‐10、TNF‐α水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;试验组术后1、3d血清IL‐6水平高于术前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,而术后5d血清IL‐6水平与术前比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;对照组术后3d血清IL‐6水平均高于术前（P＜0．05）;试验组术后同一时间段IL‐6水平均低于对照组（P＜0．05）。（2）试验组术后IL‐10水平均高于术前（P＜0．05）;对照组术后1、3d血清IL‐10水平高于术前（P＜0．05）;试验组术后同一时间段IL‐10水平均高于对照组（P＜0．05）;（3）试验组术后1d血清TNF‐α水平明显高于术前（P＜0．05）;术后3、5dTNF‐α水平与术前差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;对照组术后1、3d血清TNF‐α水平高于术前（P＜0．05）,而术后5d与术前差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;术后1、3d血清TNF‐α,试验组明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论FTS疗法能明显降低胰腺癌术后的炎性反应,改善免疫抑制,加速患者术后康复。     

氢饱和生理盐水对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨静脉注射氢饱和生理盐水（HRS）对牛磺胆酸钠诱导的大鼠重症急性胰腺炎相关性肺损伤（APALI）是否具有保护作用及其可能的机制。方法将54只健康SD雄性大鼠分成假手术组（Sham组）、模型组（SAP＋ NS组）和 HRS处理组（S A P＋ H RS组）,各组再按时间点每个亚组分成6、12、24 h 3个亚组,每个时间点处死6只大鼠。收集血清、肺组织及胰腺组织。检测血清TNF‐α、IL‐1β水平;肺组织湿干质量比;测定肺组织中 TNF‐α、IL‐1βmRNA的表达;并对胰腺组织、肺组织损伤进行病理学评价。结果（1）SAP＋ NS组和SAP＋ HRS组血清中 TNF‐α、IL‐1β水平、胰腺和肺组织病理评分、肺组织 TNF‐α、IL‐1βmRNA的表达,肺组织湿干质量比在6、12、24 h各个时间点均高于Sham组（P＜0．05）。（2）SAP＋ HRS组与SAP＋ NS组比较,SAP＋ HRS组血清TNF‐α水平、肺组织TNF‐αmRNA的表达、肺组织湿干质量比在各个时间点均低于SAP＋ NS组（均P＜0．05）。血清IL‐1β水平、胰腺和肺组织病理评分、肺组织中IL‐1βmRNA表达在6 h时两组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,但在12、24 h时SAP＋ HRS组低于SAP＋NS组（均 P＜0．05）。结论 HRS可能是通过其选择性抗氧化作用抑制了氧化应激损伤相关细胞因子表达来实现对APALI的保护。     

白藜芦醇对β淀粉肽1～42刺激内皮细胞炎症因子表达的影响

目的：探索白藜芦醇对β淀粉样蛋白1～42（Aβ1～42）刺激内皮细胞炎症因子IL‐1、IL‐6与TNF‐α表达影响。方法5×101μmol／LAβ1～42刺激人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）24h,同时给予白藜芦醇160、80、40、20μg／L干预,CCK‐8法检测HU‐VEC细胞活性;ELISA法检测IL‐1、IL‐6和TNF‐α水平。结果与模型组比较,白藜芦醇各浓度组可以明显提高Aβ1～42刺激后HUVEC细胞活性,抑制Aβ1～42致HUVEC的IL‐1、IL‐6与TNF‐α表达,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论20μg／L以上浓度白藜芦醇可减少Aβ1～42致HUVEC炎症因子IL‐1、IL‐6与TNF‐α的表达。     

脂多糖对气道上皮细胞分泌炎症因子的影响

目的：检测不同浓度脂多糖（LPS）刺激气道上皮细胞不同时间后炎症因子[转化生长因子（TGF）‐β、单核细胞趋化蛋白‐1（MCP‐1）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF‐α）、细胞间黏附分子（ICAM）‐1、ICAM‐2]分泌量的变化,从而探索LPS在调节气道上皮细胞炎症因子分泌中的作用。方法用培养贴壁细胞的方法,培养具有气道上皮细胞特性的A549细胞株,用不同浓度的LPS（0、0．1、1．0、10．0、20．0、30．0、50．0、100．0μg／mL ）刺激饥饿24 h后的同等数量的A549细胞,分别在刺激2、4、8、24、30 h以后收集细胞上清液;用ELASA方法检测A549细胞各炎症因子分泌量,分析不同时间点的变化。结果（1）LPS能够干预气道上皮细胞分泌TGF‐β、MCP‐1、TNF‐α、ICAM‐1和ICAM‐2;当LPS干预浓度为20．0μg／mL ,干预时间为4 h和8 h时,ICAM‐1的分泌量达到峰值;当LPS干预浓度为50．0μg／mL ,干预时间为4 h时,MCP‐1的分泌量达到峰值。（2）TGF‐β、MCP‐1、TNF‐α、ICAM‐1和ICAM‐2的分泌量与LPS的干预浓度和干预时间有一定关系,在各个时相点,TNF‐α、MCP‐1和ICAM‐1分泌量达到最大时与空白对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;在干预时间为30 h时,TGF‐β分泌量下降,ICAM‐2的分泌量与空白对照组相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;在其余各时相点,TGF‐β和ICAM‐2分泌量最大时也需要一个最佳的LPS干预浓度,且与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论 LPS对气道上皮细胞TGF‐β、MCP‐1、TNF‐α、ICAM‐1和ICAM‐2分泌量的影响与L PS的干预浓度和干预时间相关,特定的干预浓度和干预时间可使相应的炎症因子分泌达峰值。     

SpA 刺激单核巨噬细胞表达早期致炎因子的实验研究

目的：探讨金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A（SpA）对单核巨噬细胞表达早期致炎因子 TNF‐α、IL‐1和IL‐6的影响。方法用一定浓度SpA与THP‐1细胞培养不同时间,用MTT法测定SpA对THP‐1细胞增殖的影响;用ELISA测定培养液中TNF‐α、IL‐1和IL‐6的水平;用RT‐PCR检测细胞TNF‐α、IL‐1和IL‐6相应mRNA的表达,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果 SpA对THP‐1细胞增殖的影响与其作用剂量有关。SpA可促进巨噬细胞分泌 TNF‐α、IL‐1和IL‐6及表达相应mRNA ,且呈一定剂量‐效应和时间‐效应关系。SpA刺激巨噬细胞分泌TNF‐α、IL‐1、IL‐6和表达相应mRNA均在12 h达高峰。SpA刺激组TNF‐α、IL‐1和IL‐6的表达和释放均显著升高（P＜0．01）。结论 SpA可明显促进单核巨噬细胞表达和分泌早期致炎细胞因子 TNF‐α、IL‐1和IL‐6。SpA在启动金葡菌性脓毒症及促进其发展中,具有不可忽视的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.