546例宫颈上皮内瘤变患者人乳头瘤病毒感染状况分析

目的：探讨徐州地区宫颈上皮内瘤变（ CIN）患者人乳头瘤病毒（ HPV）感染及亚型分布情况。方法将阴道镜下多点活检病理诊断确诊的CIN病例546例分为CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ三组（ CINⅡ-CINⅢ归为CINⅢ）,分析3组HPV感染及亚型分布情况。结果①546例患者HPV感染率86．08％（470/546）,其中CINⅠ级68．92％（129/187）、CINⅡ级91．71％（166/181）、CINⅢ级98．31％（175/178）,HPV感染率随病变程度的增加而增加,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。②HPV单一感染率71．06％（334/470）,多重感染率28．94％（136/470）。3组间HPV单一及多重感染的分布情况比较,差异均无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。③共检出19种HPV 亚型（ HPV42、43型未检出）,感染率排在前6位的亚型分别为16、58、31、33、52、18型;其中CINⅠ级为16、52、58、18、31、66型, CINⅡ级为16、58、31、33、11、52型,CINⅢ级为16、58、33、31、52、18型。 HPV16型感染率随病变等级升高而升高,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论徐州地区CIN 高发年龄段为31～50岁;HPV感染率随CIN等级的增高而增加;HPV16型是主要致病型,排在前6位的常见亚型为16、58、31、33、52和18型;HPV多重感染与CIN病变程度无直接相关性。     

南京地区妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染和亚型分布情况

目的:了解南京地区妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染及亚型分布情况?方法:用核酸分子芯片快速杂交法对7 531名妇女进行宫颈脱落细胞HPV DNA基因分型检测,并对HPV感染率?亚型分布进行统计分析?结果:南京地区妇女宫颈部位HPV感染率为33.0%(年龄标准化率为37.3%);在2 485例HPV感染者中,≤24岁年龄组妇女感染率最高,为43.3% ,各年龄组间HPV感染率有显著性差异;≤24岁年龄组妇女多重亚型感染率最高,为40.0%,各年龄组间的多重亚型感染率有显著性差异;在所检测出来的21种亚型中,HPV16?58?52是最常见的高危亚型,感染率分别为8.6%?7.6%?5.2%?结论:南京地区≤24岁妇女宫颈部位HPV感染率较高,应作为宫颈疾病预防的重点人群?HPV16?HPV58?HPV52是该地区妇女宫颈部位最常见的感染亚型?     

乐清地区妇女宫颈HPV感染及砸型分布调查研究

目的调查浙江乐清地区妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染及基因亚型的分布情况。方法用专用宫颈刷采取妇女宫颈的脱落细胞,利用基因芯片技术检测23种HPV亚型。结果共检1000人次,HPv感染妇女320人次,感染率为32％,检出HPV亚型515项,高危型感染365例,占感染总数70．87％,高危型感染率排在前5位的依次是16型（15．73％,）,18型（8．1％）,33型（7．7％）,58型（7．3％）,59型（5．8％）,低危型为150例,感染率为29．1％,单一基因亚型感染203例,占感染人数的63,43％,双重感染70例,占感染人数的21．8％,多重感染47例,占感染人数的14．7％。结论浙江乐清地区妇女宫颈HPV感染率较高,主要为单一感染;感染亚型主要是16和18,其次是33型、58型、59型。     

流式荧光杂交法检测女性妇科门诊人群和体检人群的HPV基因型

目的 比较女性门诊人群和体检人群人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染情况及常见基因型的差异.方法 采用流式荧光杂交方法检测2098例门诊人群和同期2730例体检人群女性宫颈脱落细胞标本的HPV分型,分析两类人群的HPV感染率、感染类型、常见亚型以及不同年龄段HPV感染类型的差异.结果 门诊人群和体检人群总感染率为39.37％（826/2098）比17.36％ （474/2730）,其中单一亚型感染为29.79％比14.17％（高危亚型为25.83％比11.76％,低危亚型为3.96％比2.41％）,多重感染为9.58％比3.19％（两重感染占6.82％比2.67％,两重以上感染占2.76％比0.52％）.门诊人群常见的HPV亚型为HPV52 （22.03％）、16（19.37％）、58 （14.65％）、33（7.51％）、56（7.51％）、6（5.21％）、61（4.12％）,体检人群常见的HPV亚型为HPV52（20.46％）、58（15.40％）、61（9.70％）、39（8.02％）、16（7.38％）、68（6.96％）、44（5.27％）.门诊人群和体检人群之间,HPV阳性检出率的差异有统计学意义（x2=292.03,P＜0.01）,且门诊人群多重感染率高于体检人群（x2=6.244,P＜0.05）.两类人群单一亚型感染以31～50岁为主,多重感染以两重和三重感染为主,但门诊人群比体检人群的四重和五重感染多见;体检人群的两重感染率最高是＞40～50岁,而门诊人群的两重感染最高是31～40岁,门诊人群多重感染程度有随年龄增加而加重的趋势.结论 门诊人群的HPV感染率和多重感染率明显高于体检人群,体检人群HPV感染以52和58亚型为主,门诊人群以52、16和58亚型为主,本院女性门诊人群和体检人群HPV感染有一定的区域特征性.     

玉林市862例女性宫颈人类乳头状瘤病毒感染状况分析

目的探讨玉林市妇女宫颈人类乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染状况,为预防HPV感染和宫颈癌防治提供理论依据。方法采用香港凯普生物科技有限公司生产的专用采样刷取宫颈脱落细胞对玉林市862例妇女进行HPV检测,并对HPV—DNA亚型情况进行分析。结果862份宫颈标本中共检出HPV感染165例,阳性率为19．14％。其中19—30岁组HPV感染率为19．44％;31—45岁组HPV感染率为18．60％;46—70岁组HPV感染率为20．45％,各年龄组的HPV感染差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。HPV的分型状况：18种为亚型（214例次）,高危亚型占73．36％。高危亚型检出12个亚型（包括HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、58、59、68）157例次,HPV高危亚型首位是HPV16占高危亚型的27．39％,依次为HPV52占26．11％,HPV58占14．01％,HPV18占10．83％,HPV31占3．18％。低危型HPV检出6种亚型（包括HPV11、43、53、6、66、CP8304）57例次,占26．63％。结论高危型HPV感染是诱发宫颈癌的病因学因素,筛查、控制HPV感染能有效降低宫颈癌的发病率。     

浙江省沿海地区女性人乳头瘤病毒的感染状况

目的了解浙江沿海地区人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染率及其亚型的分布状况,为本区域女性的宫颈癌防治提供依据。方法采用基因芯片技术对1790例妇女宫颈脱落细胞进行23种HPV亚型检测。结果1790例受检者中HPV总感染率为25．8％。HPV阳性者中,高危型HPV感染率明显高于低危型HPv（P〈0．01）;单纯HPV感染率明显高于混合HPV感染率（P〈0．01）。高危型HPV中HPV16感染率最高,HPV52、58次之;低危型HPV以HPV43最常见。结论浙江沿海地区女性HPV感染率较高,除HPV16型外,HPV52和58型是该地区的优势感染型别。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ～Ⅲ级患者HPV感染的分型及特点

目的：探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）Ⅱ～Ⅲ级患者人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染的分型及特点.方法：采用凯普HPV核酸扩增分型检测试剂盒方法对131例CINⅡ～Ⅲ级患者行HPV感染及基因的分型检测.结果：CINⅡ～Ⅲ级患者HPV感染率为86.26％（113/131）.单一感染率72.57％（82/113）,多重感染率27.43％（31/113）.HPV16为最常见亚型（48.85％）,其余亚型依次为HPV 58（20.61％）、HPV 33（11.45％）、HPV 31（8.40％）、HPV 52（7.63％）.结论：CINⅡ～Ⅲ级患者HPV单一感染率高于多重感染率,HPV16型和HPV58型可能是CINⅡ～Ⅲ级患者HPV感染的主要型别.     

重庆地区12196例妇科门诊患者HPV亚型感染情况分析

目的：通过对妇科门诊患者人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染情况的研究,为该地区 HPV流行病学的研究提供理论依据。方法对2011年1月至2013年12月,来该院妇产科门诊就诊的12196例患者进行登记,采集宫颈分泌物作为标本,利用PCR对HPV进行分型检测,对患者的年龄分布、感染型别及多重感染的情况进行统计。结果本研究12196例患者中检出 HPV阳性3754（30．8％）例,其中高危型感染率为61．67％,排在前3位的为HPV58、HPV16和 HPV52;低危型感染率为21．23％,低危型感染以HPV6和 HPV43为主。多重感染患者中以二重感染为主。各年龄段 HPV 感染率之间差异有统计学意义（χ2＝129．76,P＜0．05）,不同年龄段 HPV感染率呈现出“U”形曲线。结论重庆地区妇科门诊患者 HPV感染具有明显的地区特异性和年龄差异性,临床诊断中应特别关注感染率较高的 HPV58、HPV16和 HPV52亚型,≤25、≥46年龄段是 HPV感染的2个高峰,应加强对这2个年龄段 HPV的筛查。     

感染人乳头瘤病毒女性子宫颈病变情况分析

目的：探讨镇江地区感染人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）的女性子宫颈病变情况及 HPV 基因型别分布特点。方法：选择在19种 HPV 基因型感染筛查中 HPV 结果阳性的女性978名,进行阴道镜检查并活检,以病理结果作为诊断宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）的金标准。结果：978名女性中无 CIN 病变、CINⅠ、CINⅡ-Ⅲ和宫颈癌的检出率分别为89．26％（873／978）、5．42％（53／978）、4．91％（48／978）和0．41％（4／978）, CINⅠ、CINⅡ-Ⅲ和宫颈癌组的 HPV 基因型别分布有差异,随宫颈病变程度增高,16和18型的 HPV 检出比例增加,宫颈高度病变患病高峰为36～40岁年龄段。978名妇女检出19种基因型 HPV 共1240频次,其中高危型931例（75．08％）,以 HPV52、58、16、51、18和39型多见,低危型97例（7．82％）,以 HPV43型多见,中国人常见亚型共212例（17．10％）,以 HPV53、CP8304型多见;HPV 单一型别感染为80．16％（784／978）,多重型别混合感染为19．84％（194／978）,多重感染率随年龄增长呈下降趋势。不同等级宫颈病变间的 HPV 多重感染率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论：镇江地区生殖道有 HPV 感染的女性子宫颈病变多处于发病早期,子宫颈病变严重程度与 HPV 多重感染无关,而与不同基因型 HPV 感染有关,HPV16／18型与宫颈病变进展关系密切。     

不同宫颈病变患者高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染情况及宫颈锥切术后复发的影响因素分析

目的 探讨不同宫颈病变患者高危型人乳头瘤病毒（high-risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV）感染情况及宫颈锥切术后复发影响因素分析。 方法 选取宫颈病变患者287例作为研究对象,根据宫颈锥切术后病理学检查结果分为宫颈炎症组（34例）、低级别鳞状上皮内病变（low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions,LSIL）组（58例）、高级别鳞状上皮内病变（high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,HSIL）组（180例）、宫颈浸润癌组（15例）。比较4组人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）感染率、HPV单一感染情况与多重感染情况、HR-HPV感染亚型分布情况,统计HSIL组宫颈锥切术后12个月复发率,并根据复发情况分为复发患者与未复发患者,比较不同复发情况患者基线资料、HPV感染亚型,分析HSIL患者宫颈锥切术后复发的影响因素。 结果 4组总HRV感染率、HRV多重感染率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;4组HRV 52、58、16、18感染率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。HSIL组术后复发与未复发者术后切缘状态、绝经状态、多象限受累、术后HR-HPV持续感染、术后HR-HPV持续感染亚型、宫颈转化区分型差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后切缘阳性状态、绝经状态、多象限受累、术后HR-HPV持续感染、术后HPV 52感染、HPV 58感染、宫颈转化区分型Ⅲ型是HSIL患者宫颈锥切术后复发的影响因素（P＜0.05）。 结论 不同宫颈病变患者HPV 52、58感染率差异有统计学意义,有助于指导临床评估宫颈锥切术后疗效、预后,为防治宫颈癌及其癌前病变、寻找更合理临床诊疗策略提供科学参考。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.