药物洗脱支架治疗椎动脉狭窄一例及文献复习

目的　探讨药物洗脱支架在椎动脉狭窄中的初步应用。方法　应用CYPHERTM 支架治疗椎动脉起始段狭窄 1例。结果　患者表现为发作性眩晕伴左侧肢体活动不利 ,头颅磁共振 (弥散加权成像 )正常 ,DSA为右椎动脉起始部有一长 4 .6mm 90 %以上狭窄 ,狭窄远端动脉直径 2 .6mm ,右椎动脉开口处造影时右小脑后下动脉 (PICA)充盈欠佳 ,基底动脉未显影 ;左椎动脉造影时亦未见右PICA充盈。术前准备后置入 2 .75mm× 13mm球囊扩张式Cypher支架 ,再造影见狭窄消失 ,右PICA充盈良好 ,基底动脉显影。常规抗血小板聚集等治疗 ,已随访 1个月 ,未再有眩晕、肢体活动不利等症状发作。结论　药物洗脱支架在椎动脉的成功应用 ,为缺血性脑卒中的防治提供了新的手段 ,其长期疗效有待于进一步评价。     

血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄

目的:探讨颅内动脉狭窄血管内球囊支架成形术的可行性、安全性及其疗效。方法:17例患者术前3天给予阿司匹林300mg/天和噻氯吡啶250mg/天,6F(Envoy)导引导管放置到颈内动脉远段或椎动脉近颅底段,造影获得工作位,评价血管狭窄程度:狭窄率=(1-狭窄处管径/狭窄远端管径)×100%,微导丝在路途导引下通过颅内动脉狭窄段,向远端直至P2或M2段,确保足够的支撑力。选择支架大小的依据为狭窄远端正常血管的直径,导丝引导下支架通过狭窄部位,造影确定支架位置正确,充盈球囊至5～6大气压,支架释放后造影确认展开良好,回撤球囊,无并发症,操作完毕。随访3～10月。结果:17例患者颅内动脉狭窄处植入支架,技术成功100%,造影显示狭窄由术前(78.3±12.9)%降至术后(6.8±7.3)%,狭窄的动脉管径恢复,短期随访(3～10个月)显示很好临床效果。术中出现一例蛛网膜下腔少量出血(SAH),对症治疗痊愈。6例随访造影未见血管再狭窄。结论:颅内动脉狭窄支架植入增加血管内径,改善血流量,减轻临床症状,是一种安全、可行有效的治疗方法。     

雷帕霉素洗脱椎动脉支架治疗重度椎动脉起始部狭窄的临床效果观察

目的探讨雷帕霉素药物洗脱椎动脉支架治疗重度椎动脉起始部狭窄（OVAS）的临床效果及术后支架内再狭窄率。方法 回顾性选取2020年11月至2022年5月于我院就诊行支架成形手术治疗的重度OVAS患者共96例,包括观察组（48例）和对照组（48例）,观察组给予植入雷帕霉素洗脱椎动脉支架,对照组给予植入外周球囊扩张金属裸支架,观察对比围手术期基本情况、随访期间并发症发生情况和术后支架内再狭窄率。结果 两组患者均成功植入支架,围手术期均未发生短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）、支架脱落或断裂、椎动脉或支架相关脑卒中等并发症。两组患者手术植入的支架长度及支架管径均无明显差异（P>0.05）,两组患者术前血管狭窄率及术后血管残余狭窄率差异均不显著（P>0.05）,术后两组患者的残余狭窄率均小于20%。术后随访患者（12.33±5.82）个月,观察组和对照组患者椎动脉或支架相关的脑卒中发生率分别为0%和4.17%,无明显差异（P>0.05）。观察组47例和对照组45例患者头晕、眩晕等症状均较前改善,均未再发后循环TIA,均未发现支架相关血栓事件。观察组患者的支架植入术后再狭窄发生率（10....     

国产被膜网状支架治疗食管癌性狭窄初步研究

目的 评价国产被膜网状支架治疗食管癌性狭窄的价值,探讨支架置入的相关技术。方法 本组30例,置入支架前,行食管造影,并用X线显影尺精确定位,然后用超滑导丝、导引导管引入超硬导丝,对狭窄部扩张后,将支架置入预定部位。结果 30例共置入支架31枚,所有病例均一次成功,患者吞咽功能明显改善,未出现食管穿孔、大出血或死亡等严重并发症。结论 国产被膜网状支架治疗食管癌性狭窄安全、有效;相关技术的改进,可减少患者不适及并发症,提高支架放置的成功率及准确性。     

复杂性椎-基底动脉重度狭窄介入治疗临床分析

目的 探讨支架置入血管成形术治疗复杂性椎-基底动脉狭窄的可行性、安全性及疗效.方法 2003年11月至2007年12月对5例复杂性多发椎-基底动脉重度狭窄患者进行了支架置入血管成形术治疗.结果 5例患者中,一侧椎动脉闭塞4例,另1例双侧椎动脉起始部重度狭窄.治疗侧椎动脉起始部重度狭窄合并椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉狭窄4例,另1例椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉多发重度狭窄.狭窄率80%～95%,狭窄段长度10～20 mm.支架植入手术全部成功,血管残余狭窄均小于20%,技术成功率为100%.术后全部患者椎-基底动脉供血不足症状均消失.本组5例患者术后6～12个月分别行DSA检查随访,均未发现再狭窄,近期疗效满意.结论 支架置入血管成形术是治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足,预防椎-基底动脉系统卒中的安全、有效方法,近期预后良好.     

The Imaging Features and Interventionai Therapy in the Acute Strictureof Artery of Renal Transplantation

目的 探讨肾移植急性动脉狭窄的影像学表现及介入治疗的价值.资料与方法 15例肾移植动脉狭窄患者均有高血压和肾功能不良.均采用股动脉插管造影,明确诊断后行球囊扩张(PrA)和/或置入支架.结果 15例中,6例行PTA治疗,9例行支架置入,操作全部成功.6例PTA治疗者中2例术后1个月出现再狭窄,行支架置入;9例支架置入者1年内有1例出现再狭窄.15例肾移植动脉狭窄患者介入治疗后均有血压下降和肾功能改善.结论 肾移植动脉狭窄分为受体动脉狭窄、供体肾动脉狭窄和吻合口狭窄.血管造影是诊断肾移植动脉狭窄的金指标.介入治疗应作为肾移植急性动脉狭窄的首选疗法.     

血管内支架成形术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄

目的 初步总结应用血管内支架成形术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄的经验，探讨其适应证，技术要点和围手术期处理。方法 20例表现为反复的短暂性脑缺血发作或既往有后循环梗塞病史，13例为反复头晕发作或血管性头痛。椎动脉起始段13例：椎动脉颅外段3例，颅内段5例；基底动脉12例。病变狭窄程度均在70％以上，狭窄长度2－12mm。所有患者接受血管内支架成形术治疗，将球囊膨胀型支架（BX，AVES670，EXPRESS，BIODIVESO）在微导丝导引下通过狭窄部位，缓慢充盈球囊，造影观察支架释放情况后缓慢回撤球囊。结果 29例恢复正常管径，4例狭窄程度减小80％以上，无内膜撕裂和血栓形成。临床随访3－10个月，所有患者均恢复满意，无短暂性缺血再发生或卒中；影像学随访10例患者，均无血管再狭窄。结论 椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内支架成形术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄是一种有效，安全的方法，但远期疗效仍需要进一步随访。     

国产雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗椎动脉狭窄临床研究

【摘要】 目的 评价国产雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗椎动脉狭窄的安全性、有效性及术后支架内再狭窄。 方法 回顾性分析2013年5月至2018年12月百色市人民医院采用血管内支架成形术治疗的138例症状性椎动脉起始部狭窄患者临床资料。其中75例接受国产雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗（药物支架组）,63例接受金属裸支架治疗（裸支架组）。观察手术成功率、围手术期并发症及术后支架内再狭窄发生率。 结果 两组手术成功率均为100%。无围手术期并发症发生。术后随访1～18个月,平均15.3个月。药物支架组、裸支架组术后支架内再狭窄率分别为12.0%（9/75）、28.6%（18/63）例,差异有显著统计学意义（P=0.015）。 结论 国产雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗椎动脉狭窄安全有效,可有效降低术后支架内再狭窄。     

血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄28例

目的探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的临床效果和安全性。方法 2006年7月—2010年12月,采用经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颅内狭窄28例。结果治疗狭窄颅内动脉28支,其中置入冠脉球扩式支架16枚,Wingspan支架6枚,apollo支架6枚,支架不能到位,放弃手术1例。27支动脉狭窄程度均明显改善,狭窄程度由原来的(89.36±5.63)%下降至(4.23±1.57)%,无死亡病倒,术后27例患者症状均明显改善,1例基底动脉重度狭窄患者术后出现一侧肢体麻木的并发症,1例术后出现脑栓塞表现,3 d后恢复正常,其他26例患者无并发症,随访2～12个月,无短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)发作,随访患者经颅多普勒超声(TCD)结果显示,原狭窄血管近端、远端血流速度和支架置入后24 h的TCD结果无明显差别。结论血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法,临床效果好,并发症少。适应证的正确选择、术中熟练的导管导丝技术和围术期的专业处理是手术成功的关键,但其远期疗效还需要长期随访。     

肾移植急性动脉狭窄的影像学表现及介入治疗

目的探讨肾移植急性动脉狭窄的影像学表现及介入治疗的价值。资料与方法 15例肾移植动脉狭窄患者均有高血压和肾功能不良。均采用股动脉插管造影,明确诊断后行球囊扩张(PTA)和/或置入支架。结果15例中,6例行PTA治疗,9例行支架置入,操作全部成功。6例PTA治疗者中2例术后1个月出现再狭窄,行支架置入;9例支架置入者1年内有1例出现再狭窄。15例肾移植动脉狭窄患者介入治疗后均有血压下降和肾功能改善。结论肾移植动脉狭窄分为受体动脉狭窄、供体肾动脉狭窄和吻合口狭窄。血管造影是诊断肾移植动脉狭窄的金指标。介入治疗应作为肾移植急性动脉狭窄的首选疗法。     

不同类型支架治疗椎动脉开口狭窄的对照研究

【摘要】　目的?比较不同类型支架治疗椎动脉开口狭窄的有效性和安全性。方法?2018年1月至2018年12月73例椎动脉开口狭窄患者共86条病变血管接受支架成形术治疗,分别应用肾动脉支架23枚,Apollo支架26枚,冠状动脉裸支架19枚,药物洗脱支架（DES）18枚。回顾性分析患者临床资料,对比不同类型支架植入术疗效和支架内再狭窄发生率。结果?不同类型椎动脉开口支架成形术均获成功。术前影像显示椎动脉开口平均狭窄率为90.9%,术后即刻影像显示平均残余狭窄率为10.3%。围术期手术相关并发症发生率为1.2%（1/86）。术后平均随访（6.2±3.1）个月,患者临床症状得到改善。肾动脉枚架失访1枚,再发狭窄4枚（17%）;Apollo枚架失访2枚,再发狭窄8枚（31%）,1例患者术后第2日并发大面积后循环脑梗死;冠状动脉裸枚架无失访,再狭窄7枚（37%）,1例患者6个月时枚架断裂;DES组失访1枚,再狭窄2枚（11%）,与其他组再发狭窄差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论?不同类型枚架治疗椎动脉狭窄安全有效。DES在降低枚架内再狭窄发生方面最优,肾动脉枚架次之,Apollo枚架和冠状动脉裸枚架再狭窄率较高。     

Intervantional management in a patient with subclavian artery stenosis: case report

The patient is a 79 years old male. He was admitted for recurrent dizziness accompanied tinnitus during the last 2 weeks. These symptoms were aggravated during the last 4 days. He had a history of hypertension. Murmur was detected on the left subclavian artery. Left upper limb had IVth grade muscle force. The pulse of left radial artery was reduced. The systolic blood pressure of left upper limb was 30 mmHg lower than the right counter part. The Doppler sonography of vertebral artery revea…     

球囊扩张支架成形术治疗椎动脉狭窄致后循环脑缺血的效果分析

目的总结因椎动脉狭窄致后循环脑缺血的患者行支架成形手术的经验体会。 方法47例因椎动脉狭窄致缺血性脑卒中的患者,于我科行椎动脉支架成形术,共留置支架52枚,其中椎动脉V1段为46枚,V4段6枚。所有患者行全脑血管造影或CT血管造影随访,平均随访6.3月。分析动脉狭窄改善及其他并发症情况。 结果所有患者均成功行支架成形术。术后患者症状缓解率为85.1%（40/47）;术前狭窄率（75.2±6.7）%,术后狭窄率为(7.6±6.1)%。发生支架内再狭窄（IRS）9处（17%）,8处为椎动脉起始部,1处为V4段。 结论支架成形术是治疗缺血性椎动脉狭窄安全有效的方法,但应尽量避免IRS等术后并发症。     

Prevalence study of proximal vertebral artery stenosis using high-resolution contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of proximal vertebral artery stenosis, compared wiith those of the distal vertebral/basilar artery and extracranial internal carotid artery, in a large population of stroke and non-stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine-hundred-and-thirty-five patients who underwent high-resolution contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in a regional general hospital were categorized into six groups based on neurological symptoms and disease: an asymptomatic group (n = 182), a minor symptom group with headache or dizziness (n = 519), a cardiac group with coronary artery steno-occlusive disease (n = 15), a hemorrhagic group with old cerebral hemorrhage (n=26), an anterior circulation infarct group (n = 121), and posterior circulation infarct group (n = 72). Prevalence of stenosis of the proximal vertebral artery, distal vertebral/basilar artery, and internal carotid artery was analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of stenosis of the proximal vertebral artery, distal vertebral/ basilar artery, and internal carotid artery was 12.9%, 5.5%, and 7.2%, respectively, in the study population, and rose as the age increased (P < 0.0001 for all arteries). The prevalence of stenosis of the proximal vertebral artery, distal vertebral/basilar artery, and internal carotid artery was 3.3%, 0.5%, and 1.1%, respectively, in the asymptomatic group; 8.3%, 2.1%, and 3.7%, respectively, in the minor symptom group; 13.3%, 6.7% and 6.7%, respectively, in the cardiac group; 19.2%, 7.7%, and 7.7%, respectively, in the hemorrhagic group; 27.3%, 8.3%, and 25.6%, respectively, in the anterior circulation infarct group; and 44.4%, 36.1%, and 16.7%, respectively, in the posterior circulation infarct group. This increasing tendency of stenosis accordingly was statistically significant (P < 0.0001 for all arteries). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of proximal vertebral artery stenosis was highest, compared with those of the distal vertebral/basilar artery and internal carotid artery, although the clinical significance of proximal vertebral artery stenosis should be investigated in further studies.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the proximal vertebral artery for symptomatic stenosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for significant stenosis involving the origin of the vertebral artery is now a well established treatment for selected patients when posterior cerebral arterial circulation is compromised. Arterial spasm, dissection, and restenosis may occur in some instances, with subsequent hemodynamic compromise. To prevent these potential complications, we combined PTA of the vertebral artery with primary stenting, using coronary stents, in seven patients. We herein present our short- and intermediate-term results. METHODS: A total of seven lesions affecting the origin of the vertebral artery were treated by primary trans-stenotic coronary stent placement. All patients were symptomatic, fulfilling the general criteria for vertebral artery angioplasty. Patients were followed for up to 36 months after treatment. RESULTS: All seven lesions were successfully dilated. Residual stenosis was never greater than 20% in diameter. No perioperative complications occurred. Clinical follow-up showed immediate resolution or improvement of symptoms in all patients. One patient's condition deteriorated 15 months after stent placement because of atheromatous stenosis of the prevertebral segment in the ipsilateral subclavian artery. CONCLUSION: Stent placement to treat significant stenosis involving the origin of the vertebral artery is safe and effective for alleviating symptoms and improving blood flow to the posterior cerebral circulation. Coronary stent design seems to be particularly well suited to cover atherosclerotic lesions of the origin of the vertebral artery. The stent mesh probably prevents elastic recoil and early restenosis after PTA, as it does in coronary arteries.     

Distal Embolization After Stenting of the Vertebral Artery: Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Purpose We retrospectively evaluated our experience with stenting of the vertebral artery in an effort to determine the risk of distal embolization associated with the procedure. Methods Between June 2000 and May 2005, 35 patients with 38 stenting procedures for atherosclerotic disease of the vertebral origin in our institution were identified. The average age of the patients was 60.3 years (range 32–76 years). Sixteen of these patients (with 18 stents) had MR imaging of the brain with diffusion-weighted imaging and an apparent diffusion coefficient map within 2 days before and after procedure. Results On seven of the 16 postprocedural diffusion-weighted MR images, a total of 57 new hyperintensities were visible. All these lesions were focal in nature. One patient demonstrated a new diffusion-weighted imaging abnormality in the anterior circulation without MR evidence of posterior circulation ischemia. Six of 16 patients had a total of 25 new lesions in the vertebrobasilar circulation in postprocedural diffusion-weighted MR images. One patient in this group was excluded from the final analysis because the procedure was complicated by basilar rupture during tandem stent deployment in the basilar artery. Hence, new diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities were noted in the vertebrobasilar territory in 5 of 15 patients after 17 stenting procedures, giving a 29% rate of diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities per procedure. No patient with bilateral stenting had new diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities. Conclusion Stenting of stenoses of the vertebral artery origin may be associated with a significant risk of asymptomatic distal embolization. Angiography, placement of the guiding catheter, inflation of the stent balloon, and crossing the lesion with guidewires or balloon catheters may potentially cause distal embolization. Further studies to evaluate measures to increase the safety of vertebral artery stenting, such as the use of distal protection devices or short-term postprocedural anticoagulation, should be considered for patients with clear indications for this procedure.     

经单侧6F导引导管应用球囊辅助技术栓塞脑动脉瘤的体会

目的:探讨经单侧6F导引导管应用球囊辅助技术治疗脑动脉瘤的临床应用价值。方法:对15例脑动脉瘤患者常规经股动脉穿刺置入6F动脉鞘,先使用5F诊断造影管行全脑血管造影术,然后将6F Envoy导引导管置于载瘤的颈内动脉或椎动脉,借助于微导丝将微导管和球囊导管通过Y形阀或蝶形阀一起送入导引导管至动脉瘤处.在球囊保护下行动脉瘤栓塞术。结果:本组15例均成功通过单侧6F导引导管置入球囊导管和输送弹簧圈的微导管。操作顺利,无手术死亡及相关并发症。结论:经单侧6F导引导管可以顺利应用球囊辅助技术辅助栓塞治疗脑动脉瘤,操作安全、简便.可在临床推广使用。     

Modified buddy wire technique for coil embolization of posterior circulation aneurysms

Introduction In coil embolization of a posterior circulation aneurysm, tortuosity or a small vessel caliber frequently prevents placement of a guiding catheter in the vertebral artery. Even in such difficult situations, however, coil embolization is the only treatment option when the patient’s clinical condition is very poor, or the aneurysm is inaccessible by microsurgery. Methods Three patients with a posterior circulation aneurysm were treated by coil embolization with the use of a modified buddy wire technique to stabilize a guiding catheter that could not be placed into the vertebral artery. Results The guiding catheter was stabilized in the subclavian artery and the microcatheter was firmly supported. As a result, coil embolization was performed safely in all patients. There were no procedural complications. Conclusion The modified buddy wire technique could provide patients with a chance to undergo endovascular surgery despite having a tortuous or narrow vertebral artery.     

动脉粥样硬化性缺血性肾病的血管内介入方法选择和疗效探讨

目的评价动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄血管内介入治疗的方法和临床疗效。方法28例肾动脉狭窄采用导引导管法(A组19例)和导丝交换法(B组9例)，行经皮肾动脉内支架成形术，共植入支架31枚(Palmaz支架22枚，Wallstent4枚，Symphony支架5枚)。随访6个月～1年，观察血压、血肌酐、抗高血压药用药情况，并与术前比较。结果两组肾动脉内支架成形术技术成功率为100％，B组中有2例患者术中发生肾动脉远端分支栓塞，两组共有4支血管发生再狭窄。结论导引导管法肾动脉内支架是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄介入治疗首选方法；维护肾功能是该治疗的首要目的。     

Feasibility and Safety of Transradial Arterial Approach for Simultaneous Right and Left Vertebral Artery Angiographic Studies and Stenting

Objectives This study investigated whether the transradial artery (TRA) approach using a 6-French (F) Kimny guiding catheter for right vertebral artery (VA) angiographic study and stenting is safe and effective for patients with significant VA stenosis. Background The TRA approach is commonly performed worldwide for both diagnostic cardiac catheterization and catheter-based coronary intervention. However, to our knowledge, the safety and feasibility of left and right VA angiographic study and stenting, in the same procedure, using the TRA approach for patients with brain ischemia have not been reported. Methods The study included 24 consecutive patients (22 male,2 female; age, 63–78 years). Indications for VA angiographic study and stenting were (1) prior stroke or symptoms related to vertebrobasilar ischemia and (2) an asymptomatic but vertebral angiographic finding of severe stenosis (>70%). A combination of the ipsilateral and retrograde-engagement technique, which involved a looping 6-F Kimny guiding catheter, was utilized for VA angiographic study. For VA stenting, an ipsilateral TRA approach with either a Kimny guiding catheter or a left internal mammary artery guiding catheter was utilized in 22 patients and retrograde-engagement technique in 2 patients. Results A technically successful procedure was achieved in all patients, including left VA stenting in 15 patients and right VA stenting in 9 patients. The mean time for stenting (from engagement to stent deployment) was 12.7 min. There were no vascular complications or mortality. However, one patient suffered from a transient ischemic attack that resolved within 3 h. Conclusion We conclude that TRA access for both VA angiographic study and VA stenting is safe and effective, and provides a simple and useful clinical tool for patients unsuited for femoral arterial access.