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目的    研究颈袖不同预备方式对全冠固位力的影响。方法    选取上颌离体切牙40颗,均为2009年8月至2010年2月杭州口腔医院收治的牙周病患者因松动无法保留而拔除的牙齿。根据颈袖不同预备方式随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组10颗牙。对离体牙牙冠舌侧颈1／3进行研磨形成0°（A组）、2°（B组）、5°（C组）切向聚合度的颈袖;D组为对照组,无颈袖存在。在2343型电子万能测试机上,测量拉力与牙体长轴方向夹角为0°和15°时冠脱位所受到的最大拉力值。结果    不同拉力方向下,A、B、C组的固位力明显高于D组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。拉力与牙体长轴方向的夹角为0°时,A、B、C组的固位力随着切向聚合度的增加而降低,A组固位力与B组之间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,而与C组间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;拉力与牙体长轴方向的夹角为15°时,A、B、C组的固位力也随着向聚合度的增加而降低,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论    颈袖预备有利于全冠的固位,特别适合于抵抗全冠的旋转脱位。     

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目的    比较Raypex5根尖定位仪两种测量法测定牙齿根管工作长度的准确性。方法    选择2009年7月至2009年11月北京口腔医院收治的慢性根尖周炎患者拔除的离体牙40颗为根尖周破坏组;以正畸拔除的单直根管且根尖孔发育完全的健康牙40颗作为根尖周完整组。采用离体牙实测法测量各离体牙根管长度的理论实际值;分别以Raypex5根尖定位仪显示屏上绿格位置测得长度（A法）和红格位置测得长度减去0.5 mm（B法） 作为工作长度。测量值与理论实际值的差值为IF值,比较两种测量法IF值的频数分布。结果    根尖完整组中,A、B两种测量法的准确率分别是85%和87.5%,差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.11,P > 0.05）;根尖破坏组中,B法的准确率72.5%,高于A法的50%,差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 4.27,P < 0.05）。A法在根尖完整组中的准确率85%,高于根尖破坏组的50%,差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 11.17,P < 0.01）;B法在根尖完整组中的准确率87.5%,高于根尖破坏组的72.5%,差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 2.8,P > 0.05）。结论    Raypex5根尖定位仪能够准确测量根管长度,其数码条到达红格后测得的长度减去0.5 mm更接近根管真实工作长度。     

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目的评价电子根尖定位仪测量根管工作长度进行根管充填的质量。方法选取2007年8月至2008年4月郑州市第一人民医院口腔科门诊经X线及临床检查确诊为牙髓病及根尖周病需作根管治疗的患牙136颗,共265个根管。按患者就诊顺序编号,随机分成实验组(141个根管)和对照组(124个根管)。实验组的根管工作长度用电子根尖定位仪测定,对照组的根管工作长度用X线拍片法测定。两组均用逐步后退法根管预备,侧方加压法根管充填,以X线拍片检验根管充填质量。结果实验组适充率为86.52%,对照组适充率为76.61%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用根尖定位仪测量根管工作长度能明显提高根管充填质量。     

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目的探讨颞下颌关节脱位口外复位方法的疗效。方法回顾分析1983年以来采用口外复位方法复位的颞下颌关节脱位患者363例的临床资料。结果363例颞下颌关节脱位患者均采用口外复位方法,复位时间快、操作简便、无任何并发症,效果满意。结论颞下颌关节脱位口外复位方法较常规传统复位方法优越,既省时、省力,又可减轻损伤程度。     

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目的    通过建立下颌后缩三维有限元模型,探讨并分析Forsus矫治器在不同作用力值和不同作用方向对上、下颌骨位移及应力分布的影响。方法    2008年6月于西安交通大学口腔医院正畸科选取1例13岁骨性Ⅱ类下颌后缩女性患者,采用Mimics和Ansys软件结合CT技术建立该患者颌面部骨骼的三维有限元模型,模拟Forsus矫治器的作用方式在模型上进行两种加载,分别为大小不同的3组力值和方向不同的3组力值,观察颌骨和牙齿上标志点的三向位移及应力分布情况。结果    两种加载方式的3个不同加力组之间的位移差异均有统计学意义。结论    生长发育高峰期过后的患者可适当增加Forsus矫治器力值;高角、长面型患者应尽量减小Forsus矫治器作用角度。     

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??Objective    To compare the efficacy of repositioning splint therapy made with average values articulator and full-adjustable articulator for anterior discdisplacement. Methods    Totally 46 patients were with anterior disc displacement with reduction. They went to TMD Department of Dalian Stomatological Hospital from Jun??2010 to Jun??2016. They were divided into two groups randomly. Group ??n=23??used repositioning splint made with average values articulator and group ??n=23??used full-adjustable articulator. After wearing splint all patients were examined using clinical temporomandibular joint disorder examination protocol??including muscle palpation and occlusion adjustment. Record the number of the occlusion adjustment. Results    All of the patients had no joints clicks in both groups. The pains of 80% patients disappeared in group ?? and the pains of 95% patients disappeared in group ??. The  opening degree of all patients was increased in both groups. The average number of the occlusion adjustment was 8±0.73 in group ?? and 4±0.67 in group ??. Conclusion    The repositioning splint made by full-adjustable articulator for anterior disc displacement with reduction is more effective??such as less further consultation and occlusion adjustment??short treatment process and high patient satisfactions.     

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??Objective    To compare cement-retained with cement and screw retained to see the clinical effect of implant restorations??and to provides reference information for clinical medicine. Methods    Select 80 patients who received operation of implant restorations in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University in 2012. According to the random grouping principle??divide the patients into two groups??define one as experiment group??the other as control group. Choose experiment group to receive treatment of cement and screw retained??control group cement retained. After 12 months of restoration??record periimplant marginal bone resorption??modifled plaque index??mPLI????modified sulcus bleeding index??mSBI??and satisfaction in the 75 patients. Results    The differences of marginal bone resorption and satisfaction between two groups were not significant??P??0.05?? while those of mPLI and mSBI were significant??P??0.05??. Conclusion    The short-term clinical effect of cement and screw retained are better than that of cement retained.     

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??Anterior repositioning splints ??ARS?? have been proven to be the most effective conservative management of disc displacement with reduction of the temporomandibular joint. This paper covers the detailed contents of ARS therapy for disc displacement with reduction of the temporomandibular joint??including the precise mechanism of ARS treatment??condylar remodeling accompanying ARS therapy??current issues on ARS therapy such as unsatisfactory long-term effect and the comparison between ARS and stabilization splint.     

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研究青年正常(牙合)者前伸(牙合)颌位和侧(牙合)颌位的(牙合)接触情况.方法 2010年9月至2011年4月按纳入标准,从福建医科大学1350名本科生中筛选162名正常(牙合)志愿者,男55名,女107名,年龄18～23岁.用Bausch咬合膜拉出法检测前伸(牙合)及侧(牙合)颌位的(牙合)接触牙位,分别归纳、统计两种颌位的(牙合)接触情况分布.结果 前伸(牙合)颌位:前牙接触、后牙无接触者111人(68.52％),前、后牙均有接触者49人(30.25％),后牙接触、前牙无接触者2人(1.23％).侧(牙合)颌位:工作侧接触、非工作侧无接触241人(74.38％),工作侧、非工作侧均有接触75例(23.15％),非工作侧接触、工作侧无接触8人(2.47％),其中双侧一致者142人(87.65％),双侧不一致者20人(12.35％).结论 在正常(牙合)人群,前伸(牙合)颌位时,可能出现仅有前牙接触和前、后牙均有接触及仅有后牙接触的(牙合)接触情况,其中仅有前牙接触的(牙合)接触情况最常见;侧(牙合)颌位时,可能出现仅有工作侧接触和工作侧、非工作侧均有接触及仅有非工作侧接触的(牙合)接触情况,其中仅有工作侧接触最常见.在侧(牙合)颌位,大部分人为双侧一致.     

牙撕脱的辅助治疗方法

牙再植术是牙撕脱最基本的治疗方法,主要并发症为牙髓坏死和牙根吸收。牙撕脱的临床治疗涉及到牙髓病学、牙周治疗学、创伤外科、正畸与美学等多个学科,总体疗效较差。近年来,一些相应的辅助治疗方法,在提高患牙再植成功率和预防其术后并发症方面显示了较为优良的疗效。     

Emdogain® does not prevent progressive root resorption after replantation of avulsed teeth: a clinical study

Abstract –  Emdogain^® has been shown in clinical and experimental studies to promote regeneration of all periodontal tissues: cementum with anchoring fibres, a functional, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in connection with treatment of marginal periodontitis.
The intention of this study was to analyse whether this regenerative capacity upon the periodontal ligament also worked in a trauma situation where a significant number of PDL cells have been eliminated because of unphysiologic storage or actual damage during avulsion or replantation. Furthermore if ankylosis sites already established because of earlier replantation after avulsion could be surgical removed and application of Emdogain^® could revert the ankylosis stage to a normal PDL situation. The first treatment situation was tested in seven patients with a total of 16 avulsed teeth with varying time of extra oral storage. The teeth were extra-orally endodontically treated and the root and socket covered with Emdogain^® before replantation. All teeth demonstrated subsequent ankylosis, primarily diagnosed by a percussion test. The second treatment situation where an ankylosis was already established constituted of seven patients with a total of 11 teeth because of previous replantation after avulsion. These teeth were all extracted, the ankylosis sites removed and the root and socket treated with Emdogain^®. After 6 months all teeth showed recurrence of ankylosis. It is concluded that Emdogain^® was not able to prevent or cure ankylosis.     

Investigation of the children referred to a dental hospital with avulsed permanent incisor teeth

Abstract The management of children referred to a dental hospital because of avulsed permanent incisor teeth was considered in a retrospective study. The group consisted of 49 children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. Most of the children (60%) had their avulsed teeth stored dry while only 7% had them stored in milk, and 19% in saliva. Following avulsion the majority of the children attended a dental surgeon or general hospital. Twenty-three children contacted health care personnel within 30 minutes but only 13 had their teeth replanted in this time period. Thirty-six children had 46 incisors replanted. No relationship was demonstrated between the place or personnel who replanted the teeth, and a successful outcome.     

Tooth avulsion and replantation — A review

Abstract The major causes of post-replantation tooth loss are inflammatory root resorption and root resorption associated with ankylosis. Recent studies have concentrated on delineating the cellular interactions in the pulp and periodontium in order to more fully understand the various factors affecting the prognoses of such teeth. The aim of this report is to discuss the nature of the pathology responsible for tooth loss following avulsion and to review recent replantation and attachment studies.     

Tooth replantation after keeping the avulsed tooth in oral environment: case report of a 3-year follow-up

Abstract –  Clinical practice has shown that most avulsed teeth are replanted after an extra-alveolar time that compromises the prognosis of replantation. In cases of delayed replantation, the use of adequate media for storage and transportation of the avulsed teeth may improve this prognosis considerably. Difficulties inherent to accidental dental avulsion include the lack of immediate access to ideal storage media, which accentuates the importance of saliva as a viable and readily available option. The authors report the case of an accidentally avulsed permanent maxillary central incisor that was kept into the patient's oral cavity from the moment of trauma until its replantation, 90 min later. Three years of follow-up revealed absence of root resorption, ankylosis or abnormal mobility, which demonstrates the feasibility of keeping avulsed teeth in saliva, at least when more indicated storage media are not available immediately.     

Tooth replantation after traumatic avulsion: a report of 10 cases

Abstract  – This report compares the manner in which the avulsed tooth was handled at home versus at school, and presents the different outcomes of the replanted teeth in both groups. Eighteen of 32 avulsed teeth were not replanted, and four replanted teeth could not be followed. Thus, the material comprised 10 avulsed permanent incisors of 10 traumatized children, aged between 8 and 13 years, who were treated at the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Niigata University Dental Hospital. Half of the patients avulsed the tooth at school and the other half at or near home. Of the five teeth avulsed at school, three were kept under wet conditions. The time until their replantation ranged between 0.5 and 3.5 h. Their outcomes were fairly good, except for one incisor that was extracted about 3 years later owing to the undesirable replantation procedures by the dentist. Of the avulsed teeth at or near home, three were left under dry conditions. Their time until replantation ranged scattered between 0.5 and 12 h. Of these, two incisors preserved under wet conditions survived without significant root resorption. These results suggested that information about the way to keep the avulsed tooth was relatively well known to school nurse-teachers compared with parents. Depending on the kind of lay people, it appears that it is necessary to select the best way to convey information about the management of avulsed permanent teeth.     

Survival of avulsed permanent maxillary incisors in children following delayed replantation

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the variables that significantly influenced the survival of incisors replanted after extended extraalveolar duration at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, between June 1988 and December 1993. Survival analysis was used to identify variables that significantly influence the retention of replanted incisor teeth. Survival was defined as the time that elapsed between the replantation of an avulsed incisor and the time it was finally lost. Information on 9 variables was collected for 3H patients (25 males; 13 females) and 52 replanted permanent maxillary incisors. The mean extraalveolar duration for the sample was 123 min. The mean follow-up interval was 942 days (range: 364–2126 days). Incisors replanted with open apices had a significantly decreased survival compared with teeth with mature apices (P=0.04; relative risk 4.2). There was also a significant association between increased survival and obturation of the root canal with gutta-percha and sealer P=0.006 relative risk 10.0). A trend towards improved survival of replanted incisors was found for children older than I 1 years old at the time of replantation (P= 0.09; relative risk 2.8). These results are consistent with previous studies and may assist clinicians and parents in the decision-making process associated with the management of avulsed teeth in children.     

Tooth replantation after traumatic avulsion: a 27-year follow up

Abstract  – This report presents a case of replantation of a traumatically avulsed central incisor in a 32-year-old woman. The tooth was replanted after a 30-min extra-alveolar period. Emergency unconventional immobilization was performed, using 2–0 chromic gut, and a restorative composite made Gunning-type splint. The tooth is still in place 27 years after replantation (1976 to date) without marked resorption.