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??In recent years??with the development of orthodontic technology??domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on how to accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement. Here we review multiple important factors accelerating the speed of orthodontic tooth movement that has been confirmed??such as hormones and drugs??electromagnetic laser and surgical methods??in order to offer the reference for future clinical treatment.     

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唇腭裂是人类最常见的先天性畸形之一,其群体发病率为1‰～2‰,不同国家发病率相差很大,在我国达1.82‰[1].唇腭裂病因至今尚不明了,传统上认为由多基因遗传凶素造成,与环境诱变因子有重大关系.     

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口腔黏膜下纤维性变(oral submucous fibrosis,OSF)是一种慢性、隐匿性且具有癌变倾向的疾病,主要发生于印度、巴基斯坦等东南亚国家以及我国湖南、台湾两省。OSF病因不明,咀嚼槟榔是其最主要的致病因素,且咀嚼槟榔的频率越高、年限越长,越易患OSF。所有OSF患者都有咀嚼槟榔史,咀嚼槟榔还与口腔白斑、口腔癌发病高度相关。此外,OSF的发生还与遗传因素、免疫反应、胶原相关性基因,营养缺乏等有关。本文就OSF致病因素做一简单介绍。     

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??Osteoradionecrosis of jaws is a significant complication of radiotherapy for oral and maxillofacial head and neck malignant tumor. It occurs with bone devitalization and exposure through the overlying skin or mucosa which is necrotic and punched?? accompanied by extreme pain and fetor. The quality of life of patients with osteoradionecrosis is negative. This review focuses on the definition?? risk factors?? pathophysiology and treatment of osteoradionecrosis.     

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铜是人体必需的微量元素之一,含量居第三位,仅次于铁、锌。近些年来,由于铜是主要的抗菌元素之一及铜本身的相关特性使其成为在骨植入材料应用方面研究的热点。文章就铜抗菌性和生物学活性方面的影响、作用机制及研究现状做一综述。     

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??The repair of bone defect has achieved a lot of satisfactory results with years of development of bone tissue engineering scaffold. In order to acquire better repair effects for the oral and maxillofacial bone defect??more and more domestic and foreign scholars have paid great attention to the research about combining growth factors with bone tissue engineering scaffold. This review will summarize the research progress in combination mode of bone tissue engineering scaffold with growth factor.     

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??Clinically??more and more orthodontic teeth movement has been observed in the affected teeth??especially after trauma and root canal treatment??RCT??. The problems of pulp necrosis and root resorption have also been paid attention to. Then??how to reduce the occurrence of these cases and move the affected teeth safely and effectively has become the research focus of the scholars. In order to provide theoretical basis for further research in orthodontic tooth movement of affected teeth??this review will make a summary mainly in the time and result of orthodontic tooth movement of traumatised and RCT teeth.     

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??Gelatinases are the fundamental components of matrix metalloproteinases??including matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9??and have the ability to degrade extracellular matrix. Recent studies have shown that gelatinases play an essential role in the pathogenesis of pulpitis and apical periodontitis. This paper makes a review on recent advances of the basic research of gelatinases and their effects on the pathogenicity??the diagnosis as well as the therapy for pulpitis and apical periodontitis.     

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??Sodium hypochlorite is the most common irrigant employed in endodontic treatment with antibacterial activity which is capable of dissolving the necrotic tissue. However some studies suggest NaOCl could interfere in organization structure?? chemical composition and the bond strength of the composite bonded to dentine. This paper reviewed the research progress.     

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根管封闭剂是根管充填的必备材料,也是保证严密封闭根管系统的重要因素。近年来,根管封闭剂的创新研究一直十分活跃。本文主要围绕根管封闭剂的研究进展做一综述。     

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目的：探讨唾液溶菌酶含量与大学生患龋的关系,为大学生龋病预防提供依据。方法于2012年4月在中国医科大学在校大学生中随机选取65名（男32名,女33名）,按龋失补牙数（DMFT）将研究对象分为无龋组（DMFT=0）22名、低龋组（DMFT=1~4）20名、高龋组（DMFT≥5）23名。用吐唾法收集受试者非刺激性全唾液3 mL作为样本,采用人溶菌酶ELISA试剂盒测定唾液溶菌酶含量,比较3组大学生唾液溶菌酶含量的差异。结果高龋组非刺激性全唾液采集成功率（65.2%）虽然低于无龋组（90.9%）,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;非刺激性全唾液中溶菌酶含量无龋组[（10.15±2.60）μg/mL]显著高于高龋组[（8.52±2.03）μg/mL],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;3组大学生不同性别间唾液溶菌酶含量差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论唾液溶菌酶含量与大学生龋病有关。     

Melatonin in diseases of the oral cavity

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 242–247 Background: Melatonin is the principal secretory product of the pineal gland. It has immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities, stimulates the proliferation of collagen and osseous tissue and acts as a protector against cellular degeneration associated with aging and toxin exposure. Arising out of its antioxidant actions, melatonin protects against inflammatory processes and cellular damage caused by the toxic derivates of oxygen. As a result of these actions, melatonin may be useful as a co‐adjuvant in the treatment of certain conditions of the oral cavity. Methods:  An extensive review of the scientific literature was carried out using PubMed, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge and the Cochrane base. Results: Melatonin, which is released into the saliva, may have important implications for oral diseases. Melatonin may have beneficial effects in certain oral pathologies including periodontal diseases, herpes viral infections and Candida, local inflammatory rocesses, xerostomia, oral ulcers and oral cancer. Conclusions: Melatonin may play a role in protecting the oral cavity from tissue damage caused by oxidative stress. The experimental evidence suggests that melatonin may have utility in the treatment of several common diseases of the oral cavity. However, more specific studies are necessary to extend the therapeutic possibilities to other oral diseases.     

口腔微生物与消化系统疾病关系的研究进展

人类微生物组计划使人们对口腔微生物的认识更加深入。口腔微生物不仅在龋病、牙周病、口腔癌等口腔疾病的病程中发挥重要作用,还与其他全身系统疾病关系密切。口腔微生物与消化系统疾病间存在紧密的相关性,可以促进结直肠癌的发生和发展。本文对口腔微生物与消化系统疾病的研究进展、口腔微生物在消化系统疾病进程中的重要作用以及口腔微生物作用于消化系统多脏器的途径进行综述,为口腔微生物与全身系统疾病的进一步研究提供参考。     

唾液蛋白质糖基化及其与全身和口腔疾病关系的研究进展

蛋白质糖基化是重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰方式之一,通过赋予蛋白质各种结构和功能特征而在生命活动中扮演重要角色。唾液作为一种获取简单且无创的生理物质,包含有来自血清、龈沟液、口咽黏膜分泌物的成分。近年来随着相关研究的深入,人们对唾液的认识被不断更新。研究发现,唾液蛋白质可以作为一些疾病的诊断指标,唾液中蛋白质糖基化修饰也与多种疾病状态密切相关。本文就唾液蛋白质糖基化及其与全身和口腔疾病关系的研究进展作一综述。     

Affinity chromatography of human saliva lysozyme and effect of pH and ionic strength on lytic activity

Lysozyme from human saliva was purified in one step by affinity chromatography on chitin. The recovery, however, was always very low, typically 25–40%. When the cationic exchanger BioRex 70® was used, the enzyme was isolated from saliva with only minor loss of activity, and the product appeared to be 60–70% pure. This partially purified enzyme bound completely and reversibly to chitin and was thereby purified to homogeneity with little loss of activity (< 10%). Both saliva lysozyme and the chicken egg white lysozyme were found to exhibit their highest lytic activity at high pH/low ionic strength (pH 9.0, I = 0.03), and both enzymes required higher ionic strength at lower pH for optimal activity. From isoactivity curves (activity as a function of pH and ionic strength) it was found, however, that the ratio of the specific activity of saliva lysozyme to that of chicken lysozyme varied considerably depending on the assay conditions used. We argue strongly, therefore, against the frequent use of chicken lysozyme as a standard of reference in work on human lysozyme.     

数字光处理打印牙科氧化锆的微观结构和机械性能研究

目的 研究数字光处理技术(DLP)打印牙科氧化锆的微观结构特征和机械性能,探究其临床应用前景.方法 以DLP技术制备氧化锆为实验组(DLP组),数控切削技术制备氧化锆为对照组(MILL组),测定其密度、晶粒尺寸及晶相构成以研究微观结构特征,采用三点弯曲试验测量挠曲强度,硬度计测量维氏硬度,单边V槽横梁法测量断裂韧度.结...     

β-N-acetyl-D-glucosarninidase (NAGase) and lysozyme activity in human parotid and submandibular saliva

Abstract – β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and lysozyme activity were studied in isolated parotid and submandibular saliva collected from five healthy individuals over a 3-wk period. During the first week, saliva samples were collected three times within one specified day (9 a.m., noon, 4 p.m.). Then for each of the following 2 wk, saliva was collected at 9 a.m. of the same day. NAGase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by using p-nitrophenyl-glycoside as substrate. Lysozyme activity was determined turbidimetrically by using Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells as substrate. NAGase and lysozyme were present in all samples of parotid and submandibular saliva. NAGase activity was generally higher in saliva samples collected in the morning and decreased during the day. There was considerable variation in NAGase activity and almost no variation in lysozyme activity in samples taken from the same person. NAGase activity was higher in parotid than in submandibular saliva while lysozyme activity was somewhat higher in submandibular saliva.     

Lysis of Streptococcus mutans BHT by salivary lysozyme

Abstract – The aim of this work was to study the bacteriolytic ability of human salivary lysozyme (HSL) on Streptococcus mutans BHT. The cells were grown in a synthetic medium containing ³H-thymidine to monitor DNA release after incubation with either HSL, purified by ion exchange chromatography, or hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). The experiments demonstrated that HSL as well as HEWL could liberate DNA from cells. The lysis was dependent on enzyme concentration as well as incubation-time. Approximately 80% of the ³H-thymidine was released at final concentrattons of 4.5μg/mland incubation-times exceeding 16hr. Additional treatment of the suspensions with DNase increased the levels of released radioisotopes. The lytic ability of HSL and HEWL was similar at low concentrations. HSL inactivated with goat antiserum to human lysozyme decreased the liberation of DNA by about 70%. This study suggests that HSL can lyse S. mutans BHT without presence of inorganic ions.     

Influence of bacterial cell concentration and inorganic anions on lysis of Streptococcus mutans BHT by salivary lysozyme

The aim of this work was to study the influence of bacterial cell concentrations and inorganic anions on lysis of Streptococcus mutans BHT by human salivary lysozyme (HSL). HSL was partly purified from saliva by ion exchange chromatography. The bacteria were grown in a synthetic medium containing ³H-thymidine to monitor DNA release. The experiments demonstrated that release ³H-thymidine was dependent on the bacterial cell concentration and an apparent K_m-value corresponding to approximately 2.9 × 10⁸ cells/ml was calculated. The influence of I^?, Br^?, Cl^?, F^?, HCO₃^? and SCN^? on bacteriolysis was studied. All anions tested were slightly inhibitory on the action of HSL. The inhibition varied from 7 to 76% depending on the ion and ionic strength. The order of addition of HSL and sodium chloride caused different lytic responses. This was reflected by the amount of HSL adsorbed by the bacteria.