静脉输液渗漏后的不良反应类型及处理措施探讨

目的:探讨静脉输液渗漏后不良反应的发生率、发生类型及处理措施。方法:以我院2012年1月~2013年1月期间发生静脉输液渗漏的80例患者为研究对象,观察并统计本组80例患者发生静脉输液渗漏后不良反应的发生率和发生类型,并根据不同类型的不良反应予以患者针对性的处理措施。结果:本组80例患者不良反应发生率为41.25%,不良反应类型主要有皮肤烧灼、皮肤刺痛、局部皮肤红肿、骨筋膜间隔综合症。不良反应处理措施包括:基础处理、局部外敷、药膏外涂、拮抗剂注射。结论:于静脉输液渗漏后针对各类型不良反应类型予以有效的处理措施对减轻患者痛苦具有重要的意义。     

浅谈老年患者外周静脉输液的护理体会

目的 探讨老年患者外周静脉输液的临床护理经验.方法 分析2009年10月~2010年10月在我科接受静脉输液的130例老年患者,发现输液过程中的问题,做出相应护理干预.结果 130例患者中发生轻度刺激症12例(占9.23%),中度刺激症5例(占3.85%),无重度刺激症发生.结论 通过对老年患者采取积极地护理干预措施,可明显减少输液并发症的发生,提高了老年患者的生存质量.     

脑出血偏瘫患者静脉输液发生渗漏的观察

目的: 观察脑出血患者健侧和患侧肢体输液漏的发生情况.方法:选择80例脑出血中偏瘫患者,随机分为患侧输液组和健侧输液组,各40例.患侧组采用瘫痪上肢进行静脉输液,健侧组采用健侧上肢静脉输液,比较两组输液10d内静脉渗漏及静脉炎的发生率.结果:静脉渗漏发生率患侧组为25%,健侧组为10%;静脉炎发生率患侧组为15%,健侧组为3.3%.结论:脑出血偏瘫患者患侧肢体输液更容易发生静脉渗漏和静脉炎,从而影响肢体功能恢复.     

老年病人静脉输液血管保护方法

目的:探讨老年病人静脉输液血管保护方法。方法:将2017年10月-2018年10月在我院内科病房住院输液治疗的100例老年病人随机分为两组,对照组采用常规输液护理,观察组采用静脉输液血管保护护理,比较两组患者的穿刺不良反应发生率、一次性穿刺成功率及穿刺针眼愈合时间≤2h率。结果:观察组穿刺部位疼痛、皮下瘀血、药液渗漏等并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组一次性穿刺成功率、穿刺针眼愈合时间≤2h率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:老年病人静脉输液血管保护护理效果显著,能有效提升输液质量,保护输液血管,减少并发症发生,具有积极的临床意义。     

预防新生儿静脉输液致渗漏性损伤的护理干预

目的：分析新生儿静脉输液致渗漏性损伤的预防干预措施及效果。方法：我院2011年1月至2013年12月间收治的行静脉输液的新生儿112例,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组行常规护理,观察组行预防性护理干预措施,比较两组静脉输液致渗漏性损伤的发生率及家属满意度。结果：观察组静脉输液致外渗性损伤发生率5．36％明显低于对照组28．57％;家属满意度评分为（91．57±2．3）分明显高于对照组（80．3±2．6）分,差异均具有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。结论：新生儿静脉输液护理中实施预防性护理干预措施可有效降低渗漏性损伤发生率,提高家属满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

探讨静脉输液治疗小组在规范静脉输液治疗中的作用

目的:探讨静脉输液治疗小组在规范静脉输液治疗中的作用.方法:选取2016年4月-2017年2月间我院住院部收治的200例患者作为研究对象,患者中男性为120例,女性为80例,年龄37-61岁,平均年龄为(45.5±5.7)岁.对照组患者采用传统静脉输液方式,实验组患者注射时加入静疗小组干预,对比2组之间注射效果.结果:通过静疗小组干预输液能提升输液质、对输液方式进行改善,降低患者出现静脉炎等并发症发生概率,减轻液体外渗,降低患者出现药物不良反应.结论:通过静疗小组干预加强静脉输液质量,提升患者满意度.     

158例老年患者外周静脉损伤护理体会

外周静脉输液是临床治疗和急救用药及供给营养的重要途径,老年患者存在血管条件及心理承受能力的差别,尤其在应用高渗溶液时,易造成血管痉挛、静脉炎、渗出等并发症,重者有局部皮肤变色或坏死等类似情况,从而加重患者心理负担,影响患者的治疗和康复。为减少老年患者外周静脉的损伤,减轻病痛,我们对158例老年患者的外周静脉输液进行观察护理,报告如下。1临床资料自2004年1月至2006年1月对158例在神经内科进行静脉输液治疗的老年患者,采取预防性护理措施,其中男88例,女70例,均患有两种以上疾病,其中糖尿病患者94例,占60%,高血压脑梗死患者64例…     

输液性静脉炎的预防及护理

正我们每个人在一生当中都或多或少地会接受输液治疗,在输液的过程中常常会因为输入药物的副作用而导致血管损伤;还会因为血管弹性不好、输液过程中人体活动等导致药液外渗出血管,以及进针穿刺时刺破血管等原因而引发输液性静脉炎。我们曾经对120例临床病人静脉输液并发症作过统计分析,结果表明输液性静脉炎在整个静脉输液并发症中的比例为81.3%,是临床输液中最常发生的不良反应,给接受输液治疗的病人带来痛苦。积极预防和治疗输液性静脉炎,是减轻接受输液治疗患者痛苦的关键。     

静脉渗漏性损伤及处理

<正>静脉给药是疾病治疗的最快捷、最主要的给药方法,外周浅表静脉是临床上最常用的输注途径,但在输液过程中,往往会因各种原因导致药物外渗而引起组织损伤。出现渗漏情况后,必须及时迅速地做出有效的处理,将渗漏性损伤降到最低程度。近年来,我们将在临床工作中发生的输液渗漏病例的处理情况作了详细地观察与记录。     

手术室静脉留置针输液的疗效观察及护理

目的探讨手术室静脉留置针输液的疗效观察及护理。方法选择梅县人民医院手术室2009年1月-2010年12月行麻醉手术患者213例,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组107例,给予静脉留置针输液,对照组106例,常规静脉输液技术,比较两组患者不同静脉方式的输液疗效,并对安全隐患进行分析,提出有效地护理方法。结果观察组患者选择使用静脉留置针107例,一次性操作成功103例,操作失误4例,操作成功率为96.26%,并发症发生2例,发生率为1.87%,无输液反应发生;对照组患者选择使用常规静脉输液106例,一次性操作成功99例,操作失误7例,操作成功率为93.40%,并发症发生9例,发生率为8.49%,输液反应发生1例,经及时处理很快好转;两组临床护理效果患者满意率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论静脉留置针套管柔软、不易损伤血管,可以减少外渗等并发症的发生,有利于手术中麻醉和更换体位,有效地保护了血管,同时减少患者术后输液穿刺次数,临床效果满意。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.