深静脉瓣膜修复成形术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全的随机对照临床研究

目的探讨深静脉瓣膜修复成形术在下肢慢性静脉功能不全治疗中的作用与疗效。方法30例双下肢慢性静脉功能不全的患者接受静脉系统手术治疗。每例2条肢体各采取不同手术方式并随机分组。1条患肢行股浅静脉外瓣膜复成形术加浅静脉手术(A组);另1条患肢仅行浅静脉手术(B组)。术后1个月和3年,利用彩超、流速剖面图彩超技术、空气体积描记仪(APG)和静脉功能不全评分等方法,比较各例2条肢体的疗效以及2组间疗效。结果全组30例患者60条肢体均为CEAP临床分级(Kistner分级)C2～C4级,经彩超和下肢静脉造影证实深静脉瓣膜功能不全返流均为Ⅲ度。术后1个月和3年随访比较,各例属于A组的患肢在静脉返流度、静脉返流量及各项指标均比属于B组患肢改善明显;A组的静脉返流量、静脉灌注指数均值与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2组的静脉返流度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3年随访时2组的射血分数和剩余容量分数均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);静脉功能不全评分均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论深静脉瓣膜修复成形术可使下肢深静脉返流量明显减少,瓣膜功能明显恢复,与下肢浅静脉手术联合治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全有更好的疗效。     

股浅静脉瓣膜外修复成形术后血流动力学动态变化74例分析

目的检测股浅静脉瓣膜外修复成形术后血流动力学动态变化 ,以分析其治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效。方法回顾性分析原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全 74例 ( 96条肢体 )的资料 ,利用流速剖面图彩超和空气体积描记仪分别于术前、术后 1、3个月及 1年进行血流动力学指标检测并进行统计学分析。结果全组术后静脉返流量、灌注指数、静脉功能不全评分指标于术后 1、3个月、1年均较术前显著降低 (P <0 0 1)。而射血分数、剩余容积分数均值于术后 3个月、1年较术前明显改善 (P <0 0 1)。溃疡愈合率达 78 8% ( 2 6 /33) ,术后 93 6 %的肢体各种症状体征消失和明显缓解。结论股浅静脉瓣膜外修复成形术可显著改善血流动力学状况 ,对治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全及静脉性溃疡有确切疗效     

股浅静脉外瓣膜修复成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

为治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全，作者采用股浅静脉外修复成形术治疗１０例１２条肢体。彩超和静脉造影示１２条肢体深静脉功能不全均在Ⅲ°－Ⅳ°。术后随访全组症状消失，３条肢体溃疡愈合，彩超复查１０条肢体瓣膜功能不全恢复正常，２条Ⅰ°－Ⅱ°。作者认为该术式在术中，术后并发症少，可与浅静脉手术同期进行，手术时间短，操作简便，易于推广使用。     

原发性静脉倒流性疾病的外科治疗

为治疗下肢原发性静脉倒流性疾病,作者采用经皮浅静脉连续环形缝扎术(PCCS)联合大隐静脉高位结扎+抽剥术和下肢深静脉辦膜重建术治疗208例274条肢体,男119例,女89例,平均年龄49.2±3.4岁,平均病程14.0±1.0年。经彩超和静脉顺行造影,有77％患肢有深静脉瓣膜功能不全。术后随访率73.1％,随访平均时间6.5±0.5年。行PCCS+大隐静脉高位结扎+抽剥术的肢体有7.6％浅静脉曲张复发,23.4％症状复发,16.1％溃疡复发,复发病例均为深静脉瓣膜功能不全Ⅱ°以上。行股浅静脉外瓣膜修复成形术者,症状体征全部消失,瓣膜功能恢复正常。PCCS联合大隐静脉高位结扎+抽剥术是治疗下肢浅静脉曲张比较理想的手术方法。深静脉瓣膜功能不全Ⅱ°～Ⅲ°以上者,可同期行股浅静脉外瓣膜修复成形术。     

空气体积描记仪诊断和评估下肢深静脉瓣膜返流程度的临床价值

目的　探讨空气体积描记仪 (airplethysmography ,APG)在下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全中的应用价值。方法　运用APG对 6 5例 (89条肢体 )下肢静脉曲张患者进行检测 ,其中肢体返流程度 0度 17条、Ⅰ度 18条、Ⅱ度 2 4条、Ⅲ度 18条、Ⅳ度 12条。测量静脉灌注指数 (VFI) ,射血分数(EF) ,残余容积分数 (RVF)和流出分数 (OF)指标并统计分析其综合向量效能。同期行静脉造影。结果　深静脉各度返流的VFI值 (除Ⅰ与Ⅱ外 )两两之间差异均有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度之间EF、RVF、OF值差异无显著意义 ,但Ⅳ度与 0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。综合向量分析 (HotellingT2 检验 )显示APG具备显著检验效能。结论　APG可准确诊断下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全 ,静脉灌注指数是定量评价深静脉瓣膜功能不全返流程度的可靠指标。深静脉返流与小腿肌泵功能之间存在一种指数关系。     

术中超声辅助下腔外瓣膜成形术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的探讨术中超声辅助下腔外瓣膜成形术对原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全（PDVI）的治疗效果和应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院从2004年10月至2009年2月PDVI患者63例（74条肢体）,CEAP分级：C274条肢体,C317条肢体,C436条肢体,c513条肢体,C68条肢体。下肢顺行静脉造影提示深静脉返流Ⅱ～Ⅳ级,浅静脉迂曲扩张。在术中超声辅助下行腔外瓣膜成形术,同时行大隐静脉激光烧灼术及小腿交通静脉点状剥脱术。结果术后所有患者症状全部消失,下肢慢性溃疡者在2～4周愈合,色素沉着逐渐改善。术后6个月进行患肢VCSS评分,表明症状明显缓解,术后6个月复查彩超表明瓣膜成形处直径及返流时间与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,48例患者术后随访1～5年无复发。结论术中超声辅助下腔外瓣膜成形术治疗PDVI,方法客观,疗效确切。     

下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的瓣膜外修复成形术

目的研究和评价利用瓣膜外修复成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效。方法对下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的２６例患者（３７条肢体）施以股静脉瓣膜外修复成形术。其中男１２例,女１４例;年龄１６～６９岁,平均年龄（５０８±１００）岁。所有肢体均施行股浅静脉第一对瓣膜外修复成形术,其中７条肢体加施股浅静脉第二对瓣膜外修复成形术,６条肢体加施股总静脉外瓣膜修复成形术。结果８１１％（３０／３７）的患肢静脉性跛行、酸胀、疼痛等症状消失,１８９％（７／３７）的患肢症状明显改善,所有肢体静脉曲张消失,７／９的肢体溃疡愈合。彩超复查除有４条肢体瓣膜功能不全Ⅰ～Ⅱ度外,其余肢体（８９２％）瓣膜功能恢复正常。结论深静脉外瓣膜修复成形术是治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全比较理想和有效的方法     

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目的探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成病理转归过程中血流动力学的变化规律.方法自1999年12月至2002年6月期间,采用无创性血管检测技术(APG和CDFI)分别在不同时期(入院及治疗后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月)测定73条下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患肢血流动力学参数变化情况并结合相应时期症状、体征的变化情况进行分析. 结果双侧小腿周径差均值入院后1个月较入院时明显减少(P<0.01),12个月后与1～6个月相比又明显增加(P<0.05).APG检测OF和VFI均值入院后1个月较入院时有明显增加(P<0.01),1～6个月间无明显变化(P>0.05),12个月后比入院和1～6个月又进一步增加(P<0.01).EF均值1个月与入院时相比差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01),而其后各时期均值间相比差异均无显著性(P>0.05).RVF均值入院后1个月较入院时明显下降(P<0.01), 6个月后逐渐回升.CDFI检测STEN均值入院后1个月比入院时明显下降(P<0.01),12个月时下降至(22.75±14.39)%,与6个月前相比差异均有非常显著意义(P<0.01).入院后1个月时出现Ⅰ度瓣膜返流占10.96%,6个月出现Ⅱ度返流占9.59%,12个月时Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度返流占36.85%,24个月时所有肢体均出现返流,Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度返流达到72.00%.结论下肢深静脉回流障碍是DVT发生后1个月内的主要病理改变,此后逐渐改善,而深静脉返流逐渐增加, 12个月后成为DVT的主要病理改变.     

股浅静脉带戒术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全18例

目的探讨股静脉带戒术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效。方法经彩超证实的18例(18条肢体)原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者,在行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱+交通支结扎术同时行股静脉带戒术。结果均痊愈出院,随访3~36个月,下肢水肿消失或明显减轻,色素沉着明显减退,酸胀感消失,无一例形成血栓,术后复查彩超,深静脉通畅,无反流或较术前明显减少。结论股静脉带戒术有助于原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者临床症状和体征的缓解,值得推广。     

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目的研究下肢深静脉瓣膜外成形术的临床应用价值。方法自2001年1月至2002年10月，四川省人民医院选择经静脉造影或彩色多普勒检查确诊为原发性下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全的37条患肢行静脉瓣膜外成形术。结果31条患肢随访6个月至2年，疗效良好者30条，轻度肿胀1条。经彩色多普勒检查，均无返流。结论深静脉瓣膜外成形术方法简便，不需阻断、切开深静脉，只要操作正确，术后并发症少，是治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的首选术式。     

Effect of external valvuloplasty of the deep vein in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremity

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to verify the efficacy of external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein in the treatment of primary chronic venous insufficiency (PCVI). METHODS: Forty patients with PCVI of the bilateral lower extremities were enrolled at the time of surgical management. All 80 limbs were classified as CEAP C2 to C4, with moderate incompetence of the deep vein. The limbs of each patient were randomized into one of two groups according to the operative method, so that when one limb was randomized to group A, regardless of whether it was the right or left limb, the other limb was assigned to group B. In group A, external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein was combined with surgery of the superficial venous system; in group B, surgery of the superficial venous system alone was performed. The therapeutic effects between the limbs in groups A and B were compared by color duplex scanning, a color Doppler velocity profile, air plethysmography (APG), and a CEAP severity score at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Within each group of limbs, no significant differences were found in the average operative time within each group of limbs. The varicose veins resolved, there were no deep vein thromboses, and the wounds healed well postoperatively in all cases. Leg heaviness was relieved completely in 90% of group A limbs (36/40) and 55% of group B limbs (22/40). Venous valve competence was achieved in 100%, 98.1%, and 90.9% of group A limbs at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively, respectively. The amount of venous reflux, APG indices, and CEAP severity scores were not significantly different between the two groups preoperatively (P > .05). The amount of venous reflux, reflux indices, CEAP severity scores, and muscle pumping indices improved markedly in group A limbs postoperatively compared with group B limbs (P < .01); muscle pumping indices did not improve significantly in group B limbs postoperatively (P > .05). There were significant differences in the amount of venous reflux, reflux indices, and CEAP severity scores between group A and B limbs at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively (P < .01). There were significant differences in all parameters assessed between group A and B limbs 3 years postoperatively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: External valvuloplasty of the femoral vein combined with surgical repair of the superficial venous system improved the hemodynamic status of the lower limbs, restored valvular function more effectively, and achieved better outcomes than surgical repair of the superficial venous system alone.     

股浅静脉第一对瓣膜包窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的:评估应用股浅静脉第一对瓣膜包窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效.方法:对原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的55例患才施以股浅静脉第一对瓣膜包窄术,包窄材料选用聚四氟乙烯人造血管.结果:本组病人术后均随访4-14个月,术前临床症状缓争,疗效好,结论:股浅静脉第一对瓣膜包窄术治疗瓣膜轻,中度倒流的原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,有坚实的理论基础,并有并发症少,操作简单,疗铲好等优点,值得推广.     

Influence of the profunda femoris vein on venous hemodynamics of the limb. Experience from thirty-one deep vein valve reconstructions

Venous valve reconstruction in 31 limbs (28 patients) with chronic deep venous insufficiency is analyzed. The indications for operation were primary or secondary deep valvular incompetence with severe reflux and venous hypertension. Valvuloplasty was performed on a proximal valve of the superficial femoral vein (SFV) in 17 limbs and on a common femoral vein valve in two limbs; transplantation of a valve-bearing segment of the axillary vein was made to the common femoral vein in two limbs, to the SFV in seven limbs, and to the popliteal vein in three limbs. The results of valvuloplasty were satisfactory, with six failures observed during a follow-up period extending to 84 months (mean, 44 months). Eight of 12 valve transplant reconstructions failed within 2 years. Patency and competence of the reconstruction were obtained in 27 limbs at the 6-month postoperative control period. The effects on venous pressure were analyzed regarding the presence or absence of reflux into the profunda femoral vein (PFV) with preoperative retrograde phlebography. The results showed significant reduction of the ambulatory venous pressure (p less than 0.05) and increase in venous recovery time (p less than 0.01) in limbs with PFV competence. In limbs in which the PFV was incompetent the pressure values remained unchanged. These findings suggest that the functional state of the PFV is of great importance to the venous hemodynamics of the limb. This study also indicates that the principle of one-level repair in the SFV seems appropriate in limbs with a competent PFV.     

Alternative Greater Saphenous Vein-Sparing Surgery: Valvuloplasty Combined with Axial Transposition of a Competent Tributary Vein for the Treatment of Primary Valvular Incompetence—18-Month Follow-Up

BACKGROUND: The greater saphenous vein (GSV) is one of the best grafts for vascular reconstruction, and a variety of sparing methods in patients with primary varicose veins have been performed. Of these, valvuloplasty of the subterminal valve is useful, but reflux in the proximal GSV via a competent tributary vein still remains. To minimize the subsequent reflux, we propose a new method, "valvuloplasty combined with axial transposition of a competent tributary vein" for the treatment of GSV incompetence. OBJECTIVE: To compare this new method with single valvuloplasty. METHODS: Seventy-eight limbs in 65 patients with GSV incompetence were included. Of these limbs, 38 underwent angioscopic valvuloplasty of the subterminal valve alone (V group). The remaining 40 were treated by angioscopic valvuloplasty combined with axial transposition of a competent tributary vein (V + T group). A competent tributary vein was identified by duplex scan in the thigh before surgery. After angioscopic valvuloplasty had been done, a competent tributary vein was exposed, and was cut 1.5 cm distal to its insertion. The distal cut end of the vein was then transposed to the GSV and end-to-side anastomosis was performed using 8-0 nylon under magnification. The incompetent GSV was ligated between the insertion and the anastomosed region. Venous hemodynamic changes were analyzed using air plethysmography (APG). Values obtained by9 APG included venous volume (VV), venous filling index (VFI), ejection fraction (EF), and residual venous function (RVF). The follow-up period was 18 months. Intergroup differences were analyzed with the Wilcoxon ranked sum test for nonparametric distribution. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in age, gender, or clinical presentation between the two groups. In the V group, 27 limbs had reflux in the proximal GSV (67.4%). On the other hand, only 6 limbs (13.3%) showed minor reflux in the V + T group. A significant difference was seen in VFI at 1 year, and a continuous increase was observed in the V group during the follow-up examinations (P =.0035, VFI = 2.50 plus minus 1.21, 1.14 plus minus 0.42 at 18 months, respectively). CONCLUSION: Valvuloplasty combined with axial transposition of a competent tributary vein gives a better result than valvuloplasty alone at the 18-month follow-up. A competent valve in this location can be expected to improve VFI to a normal range.     

浅静脉剥脱术治疗合并深浅静脉反流的下肢静脉曲张

目的 探讨下肢浅静脉剥脱术对合并深、浅静脉反流的静脉曲张的疗效.方法 2004年1月至2006年12月选取合并深浅静脉反流患者20例共22条下肢,以单纯浅静脉反流患者22例共27条下肢为对照,采用传统静脉剥脱手术方法治疗.以静脉临床严重程度评分(venous clinical severity score,VCSS)临床评分体系以及彩色多普勒超声检查观察二组术前以及术后2年临床症状改善以及深静脉反流程度的变化.结果 深浅静脉反流组和单纯浅静脉反流组术前VCSS分别为(7.1±2.9)分和(6.6±2.0)分,差异无统计学意义(P=0.44).术后两组VCSS分别为(2.3±1.2)分和(1.8±0.8)分,差异无统计学意义(P=0.13).随访两年各组手术前后VCSS评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),2年后超声检查深浅静脉反流组中深静脉反流程度无改变肢体11条,改善7条,加重4条,单纯浅静脉反流组4个肢体出现深静脉反流.结论 浅静脉剥脱术可改善合并深静脉反流患者的临床症状,对深静脉反流总体无影响.     

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目的探讨下肢浅静脉剥脱术后病人深静脉反流程度的变化。方法 2007年1月至2009年1月承德医学院附属医院血管外科收治下肢静脉曲张合并有节段性深静脉反流的病人46例,对其共48条下肢采用传统手术治疗,超声观察下肢深静脉反流程度,应用临床表现严重程度评分(VCSS)评估临床症状的改善情况。结果 42例病人随访2年,术后2年VCSS为1.95±1.78,低于术前(6.33±1.78),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2年后超声检查深静脉反流程度无改变肢体22条,改善14条,加重6条,手术前后深静脉反流程度差异无统计学意义。不同CEAP分级的反流程度的改善差异无统计学意义(P=0.359)。结论浅静脉剥脱术后能改善伴有深静脉反流病人的临床症状,对部分病人可改善深静脉反流程度,改善程度与CEAP分级不相关。