偏关县农村食品卫生安全状况调查

目的调查了解并分析我县农村食品卫生状况。方法以偏关县卫生局卫生监督所2008年—2010年对全县所有餐饮和食品经营单位进行卫生监督、检查资料为依据,统计、分析偏关县农村餐饮和食品经营单位卫生合格率状况,并进行卫生级别评定分析。结果偏关县的餐饮和食品经营单位卫生状况各指标卫生合格率之间存在显著性差异（P〈0.01）,食品经营单位各指标的卫生合格率相对较低;B级和C级餐饮和食品经营单位所占百分率之间存在显著性差异（P〈0.01）,餐饮单位B级高于C级,食品经营单位C级高于B级。结论加强卫生监督机构建设、增加卫生监督经费投入、提高基层卫生监督人员的素质、加大《食品卫生安全法》及相关的法律、法规的宣传力度,对于提高我县农村食品卫生安全状况有着积极的意义。     

1996～1998年糕点食品卫生质量分析

分析 1996～ 1998年 12 8份糕点食品卫生质量的监测结果 ,3年中糕点食品卫生质量合格率较为稳定 ,不同生产单位糕点食品合格率差异无显著性 ,微生物指标与理化指标合格率差异有高度显著性 (χ2 =17.43 ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。因此 ,糕点食品卫生质量的控制关键 ,主要是微生物指标。     

2006年呼和浩特市食品卫生监测结果分析

目的：了解呼和浩特市食品卫生状况，找出影响食品卫生合格率的因素，为提高食品卫生质量提供理论依据。方法：随机抽取呼和浩特市流通领域和生产厂家的食品。所有样品检测项目均按相应国家标准检验方法及卫生标准来进行检验和评价。结果：检测食品共1575份，合格1431份，合格率90．86％；流通领域和生产厂家的食品卫生监测合格率分别为90．41％和91．34％，差异无显著性（x^2=0．24，p〉0．05）;理化指标和微生物指标合格率分别为95．80％和88．98％，差异有显著性（x^2=74．89，p〈0．01）。结论：应加强食品卫生监督管理，改进生产工艺流程，从原料到生产过程的各个环节应严格把关，尤其是生产企业无菌设施的建设和无菌技术操作规范化的管理，从根本上提高食品的卫生质量，卫生监测中加强卫生法制的宣传和技术指导工作，禁止不合格产品流向市场。     

食品卫生合格率影响因素的灰色关联分析

目的　明确各因素对食品卫生合格率的关联程度 ,从不完全信息中找出影响食品合格率的主要因素。方法　利用灰色关联分析法 ,通过对某市 1 978～ 1 994年食品卫生合格率及影响因素时间序列资料进行分析 ,明确了各影响因素与合格率的关联程度。结果　食品卫生合格率影响因素的关联度依次为 :体检率X3 >发证率X2 >食具合格率X1 。结论　结果表明 ,影响食品卫生合格率的主要因素为从业人员体检率 ,为食品卫生监测工作提供了科学依据     

铁路家属集中区食品卫生现状调查与分析

目的 调查铁路实用性集中区食品卫生现状,找出存在问题及影响因素,为制定管理对策提供科学依据。方法 铁路实用性区食品卫生状况由食品卫生监督员依据统一调查表格农户调查。结果 铁路实用性集中区食品生产经营单位卫生许可证办证率为５６．８％,从此人员健康征办证率为４１．８％,餐具洗净度合格率为１７．５％,无消毒设施、消毒合格率为零。结论 铁路家族集中区食品卫生状况差,存在着卫生监督管理空白点,制定《食品卫生     

采用密切值法评价食品监测整体合格水平

食品卫生监测合格率是评价食品卫生水平的重要依据。目前的食品卫生报表是以样本合格率 (平均合格率 )统计的 ,由于各类食品合格率差异较大 ,不同年度、地区的食品样品构成总是变化着的 ,当增加或减少某类食品采样监测的数量 ,样本合格率也就随之发生变化 ,因而 ,采用平均合格率评价食品卫生状况 ,存在一定的偏性( 1) ,为了动态地比较近年来我市的食品卫生监测合格状况 ,本文采用密切值综合评价法 ,对南通市 1 988～1 999年食品卫生监测合格情况进行评价 ,从一个侧面反映我市食品卫生工作质量。1 资料来源与预处理资料数据摘自《南通市食品…     

绵阳市食品微生物污染状况研究

目的 了解绵阳市近5年来食品微生物污染状况,为监督和保障食品卫生提供参考依据。方法按照国家标准检验方法和卫生标准对食品样品进行微生物检测和分析。结果2003～2007年共检测3614份食品,合格率82．13％。不同年度间食品合格率具有显著性差异（X^2=17．99,P〈0．01）;春夏秋冬四季食品合格率具有显著性差异（X^2=87．62,P〈0．01）,夏季食品合格率最低,受微生物污染情况较其他季节严重;不同检测目的食品样品中,送检样品合格率显著高于抽检样品和委托样品（X^2=40．55,P〈0．01）;不同类别食品合格率有显著性差异（X^2=492．86,P〈0．01）,发酵酒合格率最高这100％,凉拌菜合格率最低,仅为51．12％,其次是熟肉制品,合格率为59．37％。结论不同季节、不同种类食品受微生物污染程度不同。卫生监管部门应重点加强夏季食品、特别是凉拌菜、熟肉制品等的监督检测力度。     

影响食品卫生合格率诸因素的探讨

随着《食品卫生法》的贯彻执行 ,对各类食品卫生的监测愈来愈被监督机构所重视 ,要求食品卫生合格率达到一定的比例。食品卫生合格率作为一种考核指标 ,将牵涉到合格率如何在同质的基础上进行纵横比较 ,现就我地区几年来各类食品监测结果 ,对影响食品卫生合格率的有关因素进行初步探讨。材料来源　　本文收集 1993～ 1997年百色地区各类食品卫生监测结果 ,数据来自百色地区各县 (市 )食品卫生监督检验所报表档案。食品样品由食品卫生监督员抽检、送检。结果与分析　　 1.影响食品卫生合格率的主要因素(1)食品卫生平均合格率 :本地区 1993～ …     

呼和浩特铁路列车熟食制品的卫生学检测评价

目的:对呼和浩特铁路列车熟食制品进行卫生学评价;方法:依据国家卫生标准《食品卫生检验方法》GB4789-2003方法对食品样品进行检测和分析;结果:282份食品中共有225份食品合格,合格率为79.8%其中豆制品类合格率最低仅为58.1%,熟肉制品的总合格率为86.5%;结论:不同类别食品合格率差异有显著性(x~2=18.61 P<0.01);不同年度间食品合格率差异有显著性(x~2=23.76 P<0.01),食品合格率逐年呈明显上升趋势。卫生监督部门要严格把好上车熟食制品的卫生质量关,切实保证列车旅客的健康。     

2005～2007年白银市区食品微生物检测结果分析

目的 了解白银市区食品卫生状况,掌握微生物污染的特点.方法 按国家标准检验方法和卫生标准进行检测评价.结果 经检测,1 489份食品微生物指标合格率为93.28%;3年内合格率略呈下降趋势,各年度合格率比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).各类食品中,酒类(葡萄酒、啤酒)及方便面合格率最高,均达100.00%;豆制品合格率最低,仅为29.55%.11类食品合格率比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).微生物3项指标(菌落总数、大肠菌群和真菌计数)检测合格率比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01),真菌计数合格率最低.其中,菌落总数和大肠菌群2个项目中以豆制品合格率最低,分别为43.18%和55.56%;真菌计数以纯净水合格率最低,为84.75%.结论 不同种类食品受微生物污染程度不同,同种食品受不同种类微生物污染程度也不同,应重点加强时豆制品、纯净水等的卫生监督管理.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.