盆底磁电及肌筋膜手法修复对产后阴道松弛患者盆底肌力的影响

目的 探讨盆底磁电及肌筋膜手法修复对产后阴道松弛患者盆底肌力的影响。方法 选取2022年 1月-2023年1月在我院分娩的100例产后阴道松弛患者为研究对象,随机分为参照组和研究组,每组50例。 参照组实施常规盆底肌肉锻炼,研究组在参照组基础上实施盆底磁电及肌筋膜手法修复,比较两组盆底肌 力改善情况、阴道黏膜指标以及性功能评分。结果 研究组盆底肌力改善总有效率高于参照组,差异有统 计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组干预后阴道湿润度、阴道黏膜弹性及阴道黏膜上皮评分高于参照组,差异有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组干预后性唤起、性高潮、性欲、阴道润滑度、性交疼痛以及性生活满意度 评分高于参照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 盆底磁电及肌筋膜手法修复对产后阴道松弛患者 盆底肌力具有改善作用,可以提高患者盆底肌力,改善其阴道湿润度,提高阴道黏膜弹性及阴道黏膜上皮 情况,有效提升患者性生活水平。     

生物反馈盆底肌肉锻炼在产妇产后盆底功能康复治疗中的应用

目的探讨生物反馈盆底肌肉锻炼在产妇产后盆底功能康复治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2017-02—2018-02间郑州大学第一附属医院收治的100例分娩产妇,根据产后盆底功能康复治疗方法的差异分为2组,每组50例。对照组产妇给予常规盆底肌肉锻炼,观察组产妇在对照组基础上应用生物反馈仪进行康复治疗。结果盆底功能康复治疗2个月,产后102 d时,观察组产妇盆底肌力分级明显高于对照组,盆底肌最大肌电压及盆底肌持续收缩60 s的肌电压均明显高于对照组,产妇的尿道膀胱后角和尿道膀胱连接部的移动度小于对照组,膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘距离高于对照组。以上指标的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对产妇使用生物反馈治疗仪康复治疗,有助于促进产妇产后盆底功能恢复,预防盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生,可显著改善产妇产后的生活质量。     

不同时机的个体化产后盆底康复治疗对盆底肌作用分析

目的评估产后早期不同时间段开始进行的个体化盆底康复治疗对女性盆底肌力及盆底功能改善的作用。方法选取2010年1月至2011年12月期间,回我院门诊进行产后访视,手法检测盆底肌力≤3级的产妇174例作为研究对象,分为观察组与对照组。按照产后开始进行盆底康复治疗的不同时间将观察组(125例)分为3组:A组(39例),产后42~56d;B组(48例),产后57~70d;C组(38例),产后71~91d。对照组(D组,49例):产后6~8周,只进行产后盆底康复知识的宣教。观察组各组的产妇治疗前进行盆腹动力学及盆底肌电生理指标检测,按照肌力等异常的具体情况选择个体化的低频电刺激联合生物反馈治疗。治疗结束时及结束后6个月复测治疗前所检测指标。对照组产妇于产后6~8周及产后6个月回院进行同样的盆底指标检测。结果各个观察组在治疗结束时及治疗结束后6个月,所检测数据与治疗前相比较,盆底肌Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维的肌力和静态张力都有显著提高,最大肌电位数值增加,肌肉疲劳度得到改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组各组在治疗结束时、结束后6个月相比较,组间各项检测数据对比无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论产后早期不同时间段开始进行的盆底个体化康复治疗,均可以显著提高盆底肌力及明显改善盆底功能。临床上根据实际情况在产后早期的不同时机都可以积极进行盆底康复治疗,值得临床推广应用。     

叙事护理联合六步法乳房按摩对产妇泌乳及产后心理状态的影响

目的 探讨叙事护理联合六步法乳房按摩对产妇泌乳及心理状态的影响.方法 将120例产妇随机分为叙事组、按摩组、联合组三组(每组60例).所有产妇均予以产后常规护理,叙事组在此基础上采取叙事护理,按摩组加以六步法乳房按摩,联合组实施叙事护理联合六步法乳房按摩干预.比较三组产妇乳汁分泌情况、产后疲乏程度及焦虑抑郁状态.结果 三组产妇纯母乳喂养率、乳汁分泌量、开始泌乳时间、产后疲乏及焦虑抑郁评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 叙事护理联合六步法乳房按摩可缩短产妇开始泌乳时间,提高乳汁分泌量和纯母乳喂养率,改善产后疲劳和不良情绪.     

不同分娩方式对产后早期盆底肌力影响及电刺激联合生物反馈等盆底肌康复治疗体会

目的分析顺产与剖宫产分娩方式对初产妇产后近期盆底肌力的影响及电刺激联合生物反馈等盆底肌康复治疗的效果。方法选取2017-12—2018-06间在黄河中心医院分娩的80例初产妇。根据分娩方式分为顺产组和剖宫产组,每组40例。产后6周应用PHENIX USB2检测仪量化评估盆底肌力后,对初筛结果盆底肌力下降(≤Ⅲ级)的初产妇均采用电刺激联合生物反馈等盆底肌康复治疗后再次检测产妇盆底肌力。结果剖宫产组产后42 d后盆底肌力下降率低于顺产组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。剖宫产组中肌力下降的初产妇治疗后有效率(盆底肌力Ⅲ级)高于顺产组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论剖宫产初产妇产后盆底肌力下降率低于顺产产妇,但不能成为避免盆底肌肉受损程度而选择分娩方式的依据。无论何种分娩方式,术后出现盆底肌力受损的初产妇通过电刺激联合生物反馈治疗,可有效改善盆底功能障碍。     

硬膜外分娩镇痛对产妇产后抑郁的影响

目的 评估硬膜外分娩镇痛(LEA)对产妇产后抑郁(PPD)的影响。方法 选择经阴道分娩的初产妇628例,年龄20～36岁,BMI 20～35 kg/m²,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。根据产妇是否接受硬膜外分娩镇痛分为两组：镇痛组(n=322)和非镇痛组(n=306)。记录分娩期间VAS疼痛评分最高值、产程时间、出血量、新生儿1、5 min Apgar评分和新生儿入NICU的发生情况。于分娩前1周和产后2周、6周分别采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)评估PPD发生情况(EPDS评分≥11分为PPD),采用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)评估产妇焦虑情绪,采用领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)评估产妇感受到的总社会支持度。结果 与非镇痛组比较,镇痛组产妇分娩期间VAS疼痛评分最高值明显降低(P<0.05)。两组产妇第一产程时间、第二产程时间、出血量、新生儿1、5 min Apgar评分、新生儿入NICU比例差异无统计学意义。两组产妇产后2、6周PPD发生率、PSSS高支持状态、GAD-7≥10分差异无统计学意义。结论 初产妇接受LEA不影响产后抑郁的发生风险。     

产后盆底肌力评定分析

目的:了解产妇对产后盆底康复技术知识及重要性的重视程度.方法:对150例产后42天常规盆底肌力评定,盆底肌力<3级135例,进行盆底康复治疗20例.结果:90%产后妇女盆底肌力差,需做盆底康复治疗,但做治疗的妇女只有15%.     

产妇对产后盆底功能与性功能障碍认知现状调查

目的了解产妇对产后盆底功能与性功能障碍及相关影响因素的认知,探索降低产后女性盆底功能障碍性疾病发生的干预措施。方法对150名产后回院随访的产妇进行产后盆底功能知识问卷调查,并选择其中11名进行半结构式访谈,了解产妇对产后盆底功能与性功能障碍相关认知、问题及影响因素。结果产妇对盆底功能知识总得分为(64.61±10.73)分。得分最高的3个条目为性功能障碍的表现形式、粪失禁会影响患者身心健康、脱垂后有下坠感休息后减轻;得分最低的3个条目为增加腹压来排尿属于女性盆底功能障碍性疾病、排尿不尽感为下尿路功能障碍、疾病锻炼方法。访谈中产妇认为盆底相关知识健康教育来源仅限于孕妇学校及产后出院宣教;对产后性功能关注较少,不了解盆底功能与性功能的相关性。结论产妇对产后性功能障碍、盆底功能及锻炼认知不足;对产后盆底锻炼及产后性生活需求不高,主要受到自身认知、产后哺乳、家庭支持系统及专业指导的影响。护理工作者应对产妇采用多元化盆底功能健康教育,落实效果评价,指导产妇建立产后性生活与盆底功能的正确观念。     

营养治疗控制孕期体重对产后盆底肌影响的临床研究

目的:研究营养治疗控制孕期体重对产后盆底肌的影响.方法:选取2010年10月-2011年10月于本院进行产检及生产的160例单胎头位初产妇为研究对象,将其分为研究组和对照组.研究组接受个体化体重管理,包括制订孕期增重目标、均衡饮食及适量运动等,对照组接受常规产科检查.结果:研究组和对照组平均孕期增重分别为(12.45±4.59)kg和(15.91±2.48) kg,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),研究组盆底肌力测试≤3级的发生率为13.3％,显著低于对照组的发生率46％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:营养治疗在孕期体重增长造成的产后盆底肌力受损程度上有极大的改善作用,营养师通过孕期的营养宣教工作,对孕妇进行膳食营养评价与营养治疗,对凡是BMI＞ 28以上者,进行营养膳食结构分析,运用孕产妇营养软件[1]给出营养方案,控制体重增长速度,对改善产后盆底肌力有着积极的意义.     

基于信息化管理平台的延续护理对产妇盆底功能康复的影响

目的 探讨基于信息化管理平台的延续护理对产妇盆底功能康复的影响.方法 将134例自然分娩的产妇按照意愿分为观察组(n=67名)和对照组(n=67名),两组住院期间按常规进行产后护理,并由责任护士指导产妇行盆底功能训练.出院后对照组由专人负责进行电话随访,每2周1次,连续3个月;观察组出院后开展基于信息化管理平台的延续护...     

Pelvic floor muscle strength and response to pelvic floor muscle training for stress urinary incontinence

AIMS: Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that pelvic floor muscle training is effective to treat stress urinary incontinence. The aim of the present study was to compare muscle strength increase and maximal strength in responders and non-responders to pelvic floor muscle training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two women with urodynamically proven stress incontinence who had participated in a six months randomized controlled trial on pelvic floor muscle training, mean age 45.4 years (range 24-64), participated in the study. The women were classified as responders and non-responders based on a combination of five effect variables covering urodynamic measurement, pad test with standardized bladder volume, and self-reports. Pelvic floor muscle strength was measured with a vaginal balloon connected to a fiber optic micro tip transducer (Camtech AS, Sandvika, Norway). RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between improvement in PFM maximal strength and improvement measured by leakage index (r = 0.34, P < 0.01), and reduction in urinary leakage measured by the pad test (r = 0.23, P = 0.05). The total sample of 52 women comprised 21 responders, 18 unclassifiable, and 13 non-responders. There was a statistically significant difference in maximal strength after the training period between responders and non-responders; 24.0 cm H2O (95% CI:18.1-29.9) versus 12.7 cm H2O (95% CI: 6.8-18.6) P < 0.001), and strength increase; 14.8 cm H2O (95% CI: 8.9-20.7) versus 5.0 cm H2O (95% CI: 2.6-12.6), respectively (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive relation between both pelvic floor muscle strength increase and maximal strength, and improvement of stress urinary incontinence.     

Determining the optimal pelvic floor muscle training regimen for women with stress urinary incontinence

Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training has received Level‐A evidence rating in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women, based on meta‐analysis of numerous randomized control trials (RCTs) and is recommended in many published guidelines. However, the actual regimen of PFM training used varies widely in these RCTs. Hence, to date, the optimal PFM training regimen for achieving continence remains unknown and the following questions persist: how often should women attend PFM training sessions and how many contractions should they perform for maximal effect? Is a regimen of strengthening exercises better than a motor control strategy or functional retraining? Is it better to administer a PFM training regimen to an individual or are group sessions equally effective, or better? Which is better, PFM training by itself or in combination with biofeedback, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and/or vaginal cones? Should we use improvement or cure as the ultimate outcome to determine which regimen is the best? The questions are endless. As a starting point in our endeavour to identify optimal PFM training regimens, the aim of this study is (a) to review the present evidence in terms of the effectiveness of different PFM training regimens in women with SUI and (b) to discuss the current literature on PFM dysfunction in SUI women, including the up‐to‐date evidence on skeletal muscle training theory and other factors known to impact on women's participation in and adherence to PFM training. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:746–753, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The evaluation of pelvic floor muscle strength in women with pelvic floor dysfunction: A reliability and correlation study

Aims

The purposes of this study were: (i) to evaluate the reliability of vaginal palpation, vaginal manometry, vaginal dynamometry; and surface (transperineal) electromyography (sEMG), when evaluating pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength and/or activation; and (ii) to determine the associations among PFM strength measured using these assessments.

Methods

One hundred and fifty women with pelvic floor disorders participated on one occasion, and 20 women returned for the same investigations by two different raters on 3 different days. At each session, PFM strength was assessed using palpation (both the modified Oxford Grading Scale and the Levator ani testing), manometry, and dynamometry; and PFM activation was assessed using sEMG.

Results

The interrater reliability of manometry, dynamometry, and sEMG (both root‐mean‐square [RMS] and integral average) was high (Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient [CCC] = 0.95, 0.93, 0.91, 0.86, respectively), whereas the interrater reliability of both palpation grading scales was low (Cohen's Kappa [k] = 0.27‐0.38). The intrarater reliability of manometry (CCC = 0.96), and dynamometry (CCC = 0.96) were high, whereas intrarater reliability of both palpation scales (k = 0.78 for both), and of sEMG (CCC = 0.79 vs 0.80 for RMS vs integral average) was moderate. The Bland‐Altman plot showed good inter and intrarater agreement, with little random variability for all instruments. The correlations among palpation, manometry, and dynamometry were moderate (coefficient of determination [r²] ranged from 0.52 to 0.75), however, transperineal sEMG amplitude was only weakly correlated with all measures of strength (r² = 0.23‐0.30).

Conclusions

Manometry and dynamometry are more reliable tools than vaginal palpation for the assessment of PFM strength in women with pelvic floor disorders, especially when different raters are involved. The different PFM strength measures used clinically are moderately correlated; whereas, PFM activation recorded using transperineal sEMG is only weakly correlated with PFM strength. Results from perineal sEMG should not be interpreted in the context of reporting PFM strength.     

盆底功能障碍性疾病患者盆底肌训练依从性评估的研究进展

介绍了依从性概念、盆底肌训练依从性判断标准,以及对国内外盆底功能障碍性疾病患者盆底肌训练依从性的评估方法,包括主观评估方法、客观评估方法,并对主观评估工具和客观评估工具进行比较分析,以期为医护人员选择合适的评估方法和干预依从性不佳行为提供参考。     

Device to promote pelvic floor muscle training for stress incontinence

AIM: Many patients with stress urinary incontinence do not have enough motivation to continue pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) by themselves. Therefore, a device was created to support PFMT, and its effect was examined. METHODS: Forty-six women with stress urinary incontinence were assigned to a control group or a device group in order of presentation. A pamphlet on PFMT was given to control patients, while the same pamphlet plus the device and instructions on its use were given to patients in the device group. The device had a chime that was set to sound three times a day when exercise sessions were scheduled. PFMT consisted of fast and slow pelvic floor muscle contraction exercises that were performed for 2 min and followed a rhythm set by the device. RESULTS: After 8 weeks, 20 patients from the control group and 21 patients from the device group could be evaluated. In the control group, only the quality of life (QOL) index improved significantly. In the device group, however, the daily number of incontinence episodes, the number of pads used daily, the QOL index, and the pad weight in the pad test improved significantly. Patients in the device group said that they felt obligated to perform PFMT when the chime sounded. Forty-eight percent of patients from the device group were satisfied with the outcome of PFMT, while only 15% were satisfied in the control group. CONCLUSION: This device may be useful to support the management of stress urinary incontinence.