经导管子宫动脉栓塞对卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织的影响

目的：探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）对卵巢功能与正常子宫肌组织的影响及意义。资料与方法：101例子宫肌瘤与25例子宫腺肌病患者行经导管子宫动脉注射碘油平阳霉素乳剂（LPE）加明胶海绵颗粒栓塞治疗。通过栓塞后月经观察、卵巢内分泌功能测试、MR检查、经前诊刮及栓塞后全子宫切除标本病理研究，了解栓塞后卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织的改变。结果：月经观察无闭经发生，经前诊刮病理提示子宫内膜呈分泌期改变。卵巢内分泌功能测试栓塞前后变化无明显差异（P＞0．05）。MR检查正常子宫肌层未见缺血改变，切除标本病理观察正常子宫肌组织亦未见坏死发生。结论：TUAE是一项安全的治疗技术，对卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织无不良影响。     

子宫肌瘤导管栓塞治疗的远期效果观察

目的探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的远期效果及安全性。资料与方法对231例子宫肌瘤患者行TUAE治疗。患者肌瘤体积19—504cm^3（平均121cm^3）,其中壁间肌瘤191例,黏膜下肌瘤36例,浆膜下肌瘤4例;单发16例,多发215例。所有病例均行双侧子宫动脉栓塞,栓塞剂为碘油．平阳霉素乳剂,其中186例加用了明胶海绵颗粒栓塞。随访期间,观察患者症状改善情况、肌瘤与子宫体积变化、有无复发、有无闭经及其他并发症情况。结果随访6—48个月,月经恢复正常或经血显著减少占96．0％（193／201）;下腹部、腰腿胀痛消失或明显缓解占94．9％（94／99）,压迫症状消失或显著减轻占96．0％（48／50）。B超复查,TUAE后1、2、3、4年肌瘤平均体积缩小率分别为60．7％、63．3％、65．6％、67．4％,子宫平均体积缩小率分别为49．6％、54．3％、55．2％、57．1％,无肌瘤复发现象。并发症包括臀部瘀血溃烂（1例）、小阴唇溃疡（1例）、尿潴留（12例）、尿路感染（1例）、阴道排泄坏死肌瘤组织（24例）、卵巢囊肿继发感染（1例）、子宫内膜增厚与钙化（1例）以及闭经（2例）等。结论TUAE治疗子宫肌瘤的远期效果确切,个别患者可以引起某些严重的并发症和／或后遗症,因此应严格选择病例。     

子宫肌瘤导管栓塞治疗后的病理改变

探讨子宫肌瘤行经导管子宫动脉栓塞(TUAE)治疗后的病理变化及临床意义。研究证实,TUAE后肌瘤组织随时间改变呈现动态病理变化,即先发生充血、水肿,随后发生坏死,最后出现纤维组织增生,这一动态病理变化是TUAE后肌瘤体积不断缩小的病理基础。绝大多数肌瘤呈不完全坏死,因此肌瘤可能复发。影响坏死范围的因素包括肌瘤大小与部位及栓塞后时间长短。TUAE后正常子宫组织可能出现炎症反应,但无坏死改变。周围附件器官末梢血管发现栓塞剂,提示TUAE对卵巢、输卵管功能有潜在的影响。     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的副反应与并发症分析

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的副反应与并发症及其防治措施。方法 182例子宫肌瘤接受TUAE治疗，患者年龄28－51岁，平均39．4.TUAE怀经导管双侧子宫动脉注入超化碘油－平阳毒素乳剂（LPE），然后以明胶海绵颗粒栓塞子宫动脉近端至血流变缓慢。栓塞后住院治疗3－10d，出院的后分别于栓塞后1个月，3个月，6个月，1年，2年回院复查，期间观察副反应与并发症。结果 TUAE的副反应包括不同和程度的栓后综合征（182例，100％），尿频，尿急，尿痛（24例，13．2％）和阴道少量流血（25例，13．7％）。TUA的并发症则包括阴道排泄坏死肌瘤组织（5例，2．8％，尿潴留（10例，5．5％），尿路感染（1例，0．5％），小阴唇溃疡（1例，0．5％），臂部淤血，溃烂（1例，0．5％）和卵巢囊肿继发感染（1例，0．5％）。以上TUAE的副作用经过症或特别处理后均恢复正常，无后遗症发生。结论 TUAE的副反应是可逆的TUAE的并发症均是可以防治的。     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞术(TUAE)治疗子宫肌瘤的方法、疗效及并发症.方法 本组82例,由临床、超声、CT检查确诊为子宫肌瘤,其中黏膜下肌瘤5例,肌壁间肌瘤72例,浆膜下肌瘤5例.单发肌瘤15例,多发肌瘤67例.采用Seldinger技术,经导管双侧子宫动脉注入超液化碘油-平阳霉素乳剂,然后以明胶海绵颗粒栓塞子宫动脉近端.栓塞后3个月、6个月回院复查.结果 插管成功率100%.随访3～6个月,所有病例在治疗后3个月B超示肌瘤体积平均缩小51%,瘤体内血流信号明显减少;6个月肌瘤体积平均缩小43%,其中19例肌瘤消失.所有病例月经恢复正常;贫血病例,血红蛋白升至正常范围.并发症发生率6%(5/82),经处理后均恢复正常.结论 TUAE治疗子宫肌瘤创伤小,疗效显著;TUAE并发症少,是可以防治的.     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤并发闭经的原因分析

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤并发闭经的原因。方法 搜集1999年4月至2004年5月，接受TUAE治疗的子宫肌瘤患者231例，年龄29～51岁，平均39．5岁。TUAE均采用经导管双侧子宫动脉注射碘油-平阳霉素乳剂的方式，其中碘油用量6～20ml，平阳霉素用量8～16mg，231例中186例加用明胶海绵颗粒果栓塞。结 231例中2例分别于TUAE后3和4个月发生闭经，发生率0．87％。1例考虑为卵巢功能受损引起的闭经，表现为雌二醇（E2）下降，促卵泡成熟激素（FSH）增高，经过1年的雌孕激素序贯治疗，患者月经逐渐恢复正常；另1例经宫腔镜证实为子宫内膜萎缩所致。结论 TUAE后极少数人可发生闭经，其原因与卵巢功能受损及子宫内膜萎缩有关。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤临床研究

目的　研究平阳霉素碘化油乳剂经子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效、安全性和不良反应。方法　对 15 8例子宫肌瘤患者进行超选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗 ,所用材料为平阳霉素碘化油乳剂及明胶海绵颗粒。术后随访 3～ 18个月 ,观察栓塞术后子宫大小与肌瘤体积的变化及不良反应。结果　 15 0例行双侧子宫动脉栓塞 ,8例完成单侧栓塞。术中造影显示子宫动脉明显增粗 ,肌瘤滋养血管呈螺旋状 ,肌瘤染色明显 ,排空延迟。 6例术后 1周行子宫切除术 ,手术标本病理观察肌瘤呈点片状坏死 ,小出血点。随访 3个月 ,症状缓解率达 90 .5 %。其中子宫出血症状完全消失者占 89.4 % ,盆腔胀痛及腹胀等压迫症状消失占 91.3% ,肌瘤体积平均缩小 80 % ,子宫体缩小 4 8%。结论　早期结果表明 ,平阳霉素碘油乳剂子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤疗法安全有效 ,并发症发生率低 ,是子宫肌瘤的较好治疗方法     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫腺肌病的初步效果观察

目的　探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞 (TUAE)治疗子宫腺肌病的效果。资料与方法　 2 5例子宫腺肌病患者接受TUAE治疗 ,2 5例均伴有继发性痛经 ,其中 2 1例伴月经增多 ,12例伴轻到中度贫血。 2 5例中弥漫型腺肌病 10例 ,局灶型腺肌病 15例 ,其中 4例尚合并子宫肌瘤。所有病例均采用经导管两侧子宫动脉注射超液态碘油 平阳霉素乳剂 (LPE)加明胶海绵颗粒栓塞 ,其中碘油用量 6～ 10ml(平均 8ml) ,平阳霉素用量 8mg,明胶海绵 0 .5～ 1.5块(6 .0cm× 3.0cm× 0 .3cm/块 )。结果　所有病例随访超过半年 ,痛经缓解有效率达 96 .0 % (其中痛经消失占80 .0 % ) ,月经改善有效率达 10 0 % (其中月经恢复正常者占 76 .2 % )。 12例贫血患者栓塞后 3～ 6个月血红蛋白浓度均得到显著升高或恢复正常 ;栓塞后 6个月B超复查子宫体积平均缩小 4 4 .1% ,2 1个局限性病灶体积平均缩小5 8.2 %。所有病例无严重并发症发生。结论　TUAE治疗子宫腺肌病具有较好的近期疗效 ,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

介入后活血化瘀法治疗子宫肌瘤临床研究

目的研究活血化瘀剂配合子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法活血化瘀剂配合子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤30例，并与对照组30例进行比较，观察两组患者栓塞术后毒性反应、月经改变、子宫和子宫肌瘤体积的变化。结果与对照组比较，治疗组腹痛、发热、胃肠道反应、肢体乏力等症状消失改善早，阴道流血持续时间缩短（P〈0．05）；月经过多、经期延长改善早，经期出血量较对照组减少（P〈0．05），子宫及肌瘤缩小改善早，肌瘤较对照组缩小（P〈0．05）。结论活血化瘀剂能有效缓解子宫动脉栓塞术后毒性反应，促进子宫肌瘤体积进一步缩小，其作用机制和远期疗效有待进一步研究。     

选择性子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用

目的：观察双侧子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果。方法：采用Seldinger’s技术经皮股动脉穿刺插管，超选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗43例子宫肌瘤患者，栓塞剂选用PVA颗粒(直径分别为335～500μm、500～710μm)，完全阻断子宫动脉血流，术后定期随访观察。结果：栓塞后肌瘤的血供可完全阻断。术后1、3、6个月复查，一般术后当月即见月经血量减少，本组有40例在术后3个月后月经均基本恢复正常，余3例也有改善，无1例出现闭经者。术后1个月彩超复查，子宫体积缩小10％以上，肌瘤缩小0．5～1．0cm，3个月复查，子宫体积缩小20％以上，肌瘤缩小15％～40％，6个月复查，子宫体积缩小40％以上，肌瘤缩小20％～60％。结论：子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤是一种安全可靠的微创治疗技术．     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.